James C. McCurdy v. Price, et al.

• Court: District Court, E.D. California
• Decided: November 12, 2025
• Docket: 1:21-cv-01699
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JAMES C. MCCURDY, No. 1:21-cv-01699-KES-SAB (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION RECOMMENDING DISMISSAL OF 13 v. DEFENDANT PRICE 14 PRICE, et al., (ECF No. 33)

15 Defendants.

16 17 Plaintiff is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action. 18 On September 3, 2025, the Court ordered that that this case proceed on Plaintiff’s 19 complaint against Defendants J. Price; D. White; Sergeant Martinez; G. Rodriguez; E. Limon; E. 20 Puga, and Sergeant Beer for violations of Plaintiff’s First and Eighth Amendment rights, and 21 ordered the complaint be served. (ECF Nos. 23, 24.) 22 On November 7, 2025, CDCR returned a notice of intent to not waive service on 23 Defendant Jeffery Price because he is deceased. (ECF No. 33.) In addition, the CDCR website 24 confirms that Jeffery Price died on October 28, 2019. 25 https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/insidecdcr/2019/12/03/jeffrey-f-price/1

26 1 The court may take judicial notice of facts that are “not subject to reasonable dispute because it ... can be accurately and readily determined from sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned,” Fed. R. Evid. 201(b), 27 including undisputed information posted on official websites. Daniels-Hall v. National Education Association, 629 F.3d 992, 999 (9th Cir. 2010); see also In re Yahoo Mail Litig., 7 F.Supp.3d 1016, 1024 (N.D. Cal. 2014) (court may 28 take judicial notice of information on “publicly accessible websites” not subject to reasonable dispute); Louis v. 1 I. 2 DISCUSSION 3 Rule 25 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governs the substitution of parties.

4 If a party dies and the claim is not extinguished, the court may order substitution of the 5 proper party. A motion for substitution may be made by any party or by the decedent's successor or representative. 6 If the motion is not made within 90 days after service of a statement noting the death, the 7 action by or against the decedent must be dismissed. 8 Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). Such provision authorizes the substitution of a proper party when an 9 existing party dies after the suit is commenced. Id. 10 The Ninth Circuit has held that a dead person may not sue, be sued, or be joined as a party 11 to a lawsuit. LN Mgmt., LLC v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 957 F.3d 943, 951 (9th Cir. 2020). 12 The Ninth Circuit has noted that the “dead do not provide the requisite adversarialness to make 13 them parties to an Article III case or controversy.” Id. Similarly, the dead cannot receive service 14 of summons that would allow a court to exercise personal jurisdiction over them. See Gilmore v. 15 Lockard, 936 F.3d 857, 864 (9th Cir. 2019) (“[S]ervice of summons must be completed before a 16 federal court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a party ....” (citing Omni Cap. Int’l, Ltd. v. 17 Rudolf Wolff & Co., 484 U.S. 97, 104 (1987))). In cases where a party to a suit dies after its 18 commencement, Rule 25 allows the plaintiff to substitute another party for a decedent, such as the 19 estate representative or the successor, to effectuate service and grant the court personal 20 jurisdiction. See Lacy v. Tyson, No. 1:07-cv-00381-LJO-GSA-PC, 2012 WL 4343837, at *1 21 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 20, 2012); Gilmore, 936 F.3d at 864 (“[S]ervice after substitution ... ensur[es] 22 that a court has personal jurisdiction over the new, proper party.”). 23 Here, Jeffery Price died on October 28, 2019, approximately two years before the instant 24 action was filed. Accordingly, because Jeffery Price died before this action was commenced, 25 Rule 25(a) does not apply, Plaintiff’s claims against such Defendant are a nullity, and Defendant 26 Jeffery Price should be dismissed from this action with prejudice. Lacy, 2012 WL 4343837, *2. 27 McCormick & Schmick Restaurant Corp., 460 F.Supp.2d 1153, 1155 n.4 (C.D. Cal. 2006) (court may take judicial 28 notice of state agency records). 1 Il. 2 RECOMMENDATION 3 Based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Defendant Jeffery Price be 4 | dismissed from the action with prejudice 5 This Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge 6 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within fourteen (14) 7 | days after being served with this Findings and Recommendation, Plaintiff may file written 8 | objections with the Court, limited to 15 pages in length, including exhibits. The document should 9 | be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendation.” Plaintiff is 10 | advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may result in the waiver of rights 11 | onappeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. 12 | Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 13 14 IT IS SO ORDERED. DAA Le 15 | Dated: _ November 12, 2025 ; STANLEY A. BOONE 16 United States Magistrate Judge 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28