IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2015-CA-01652-COA
JAMEIL CLARK A/K/A JAMEIL LEE CLARK APPELLANT A/K/A JAMEIL L. CLARK
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 10/20/2015 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WILLIAM A. GOWAN JR. COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: CYNTHIA ANN STEWART ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: BILLY L. GORE NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POSTCONVICTION RELIEF TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: DENIED MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 06/20/17 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE IRVING, P.J., CARLTON AND WESTBROOKS, JJ.
WESTBROOKS, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Jameil Clark was indicted for aggravated assault in the Circuit Court of Hinds County.
The indictment charged an enhancement under Mississippi Code Annotated section 41-29-
152 (Rev. 2013) (which deals with drug offenses). However, the State realized that the
sentence enhancement was under Mississippi Code Annotated section 97-37-37 (Rev. 2014).
On the State’s motion, the indictment was then amended to reflect the correct statute. Clark
pled guilty and was sentenced to twenty years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) for aggravated assault, with five years suspended, plus a consecutive
five years under the firearm-enhancement statute charged by the amendment of the
indictment, for a total of twenty years to serve. Clark filed a motion for postconviction relief
(PCR), which was denied. Clark timely appeals. After review of the record, we affirm the
judgment of the circuit court.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On June 28, 2015, Clark prepared to enter an open plea on the charge of aggravated
assault. However, his attorney moved to strike the second paragraph of the indictment as
surplusage. Clark argued that the enhancement listed was for controlled substances and
completely inapplicable to his indictment. The State conceded that it was the wrong code
section; however, the State claimed the mistake was a scrivener’s error. The circuit court
offered to postpone the plea; however, Clark went ahead and entered the guilty plea.
¶3. On July 2, 2016, the circuit court sentenced Clark to twenty years in the custody of
MDOC for aggravated assault, with five years suspended, leaving fifteen years to serve.
Clark was also sentenced to a consecutive five-year firearm enhancement, resulting in a total
of twenty years to serve. He was also sentenced to five years of postrelease supervision.
Clark filed his PCR motion, which the circuit court denied. Clark timely appeals.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶4. In PCR cases, “we will not disturb the trial court’s findings unless they are found to
be clearly erroneous.” Jackson v. State, 965 So. 2d 686, 699 (¶6) (Miss. 2007) (citations
omitted). “However, if questions of law are raised, then the applicable standard of review
2 is de novo.” Id. “Whether a defendant received fair notice of a sentence enhancement is a
question of law that we review de novo.” Sallie v. State, 155 So. 3d 760, 762 (¶7) (Miss.
2015) (citation omitted).
DISCUSSION
I. Notice
¶5. In the order denying Clark’s PCR motion, the circuit judge limited the issue to
“notice.” “Generally, indictments must include information specific enough to allow a
defendant to determine what punishment he faces.” Sallie, 155 So. 3d at 763 (¶10) (citation
omitted). “Notice of the charge includes notices of the applicable minimum and maximum
penalties.” Id. (quoting Gowdy v. State, 56 So. 3d 540, 546 (¶20) (Miss. 2010)). “Further,
an indictment must contain (1) the essential elements of the offense charged, (2) sufficient
facts to fairly inform the defendant of the charge against which he must defend, and (3)
sufficient facts to enable him to plead double jeopardy in the event of future prosecution for
the same offense.” Townsend v. State, 188 So. 3d 616, 620 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016).
¶6. Clark uses the facts in Sallie to argue the circuit court erred in enhancing his sentence
under section 97-37-37 because of inadequate notice under the United States and Mississippi
Constitutions. However, the facts in this case present a distinct contrast to the facts in Sallie.
In Sallie, the defendant’s “indictment did not indicate that the State would seek any sentence
enhancement.” Sallie, 155 So. 3d at 763 (¶9) (emphasis added). Furthermore, the State in
Sallie did not indicate pretrial that it would seek the firearm enhancement. Id. “It is
fundamental that courts may amend indictments only to correct defects of form[;] however,
3 defects of substance must be corrected by the grand jury.” Spears v. State, 942 So. 2d 772,
774 (¶6) (Miss. 2006) (citations omitted). Clark’s indictment contained reference to the
wrong statute number (section 41-29-152); however, the indictment also contained reference
to the firearm-enhancement statute (section 97-37-37). This Court has previously opined,
“[I]f from a reading of the indictment as a whole the accused is in fact given fair notice of
that with which he has been charged, the indictment is legally sufficient.” Townsend, 188
So. 3d at 620 (¶14).
¶7. In Clark’s case, a fair reading of the indictment as a whole indicates the State’s intent
to pursue the sentence enhancement under section 97-37-37. “Furthermore, all indictments
may be amended as to form but not as to the substance of the offense charged.” Brown v.
State, 12 So. 3d 586, 588 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009); see also URCCC 7.09. The Supreme
Court has held:
[A] change in the indictment is permissible if it does not materially alter facts which are the essence of the offense on the face of the indictment as it originally stood or materially alter a defense to the indictment as it originally stood so as to prejudice the defendant’s case. The test for whether an amendment to the indictment will prejudice the defense is whether the defense as it originally stood would be equally available after the amendment is made.
Greenlee v. State, 725 So. 2d 816, 822 (¶10) (Miss. 1998) (internal citations omitted).
¶8. Clark’s attorney presented the indictment to him. Also, after the State amended the
indictment, Clark was still given adequate notice of the enhancement, because he was asked
if he wanted to postpone the open plea, yet he declined to do so. Additionally, Clark was
advised of the minimum and maximum number of years to serve, for aggravated assault with
the firearm-enhancement statute, in the plea colloquy.
4 ¶9. “Additionally, the Mississippi Supreme Court has held that notice is sufficient as few
as three days prior to the start of trial.” Johnson v . State, 194 So. 3d 191, 200 (¶25) (Miss.
2016) (citation omitted).
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2015-CA-01652-COA
JAMEIL CLARK A/K/A JAMEIL LEE CLARK APPELLANT A/K/A JAMEIL L. CLARK
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 10/20/2015 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WILLIAM A. GOWAN JR. COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: CYNTHIA ANN STEWART ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: BILLY L. GORE NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POSTCONVICTION RELIEF TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: DENIED MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 06/20/17 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE IRVING, P.J., CARLTON AND WESTBROOKS, JJ.
WESTBROOKS, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Jameil Clark was indicted for aggravated assault in the Circuit Court of Hinds County.
The indictment charged an enhancement under Mississippi Code Annotated section 41-29-
152 (Rev. 2013) (which deals with drug offenses). However, the State realized that the
sentence enhancement was under Mississippi Code Annotated section 97-37-37 (Rev. 2014).
On the State’s motion, the indictment was then amended to reflect the correct statute. Clark
pled guilty and was sentenced to twenty years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) for aggravated assault, with five years suspended, plus a consecutive
five years under the firearm-enhancement statute charged by the amendment of the
indictment, for a total of twenty years to serve. Clark filed a motion for postconviction relief
(PCR), which was denied. Clark timely appeals. After review of the record, we affirm the
judgment of the circuit court.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On June 28, 2015, Clark prepared to enter an open plea on the charge of aggravated
assault. However, his attorney moved to strike the second paragraph of the indictment as
surplusage. Clark argued that the enhancement listed was for controlled substances and
completely inapplicable to his indictment. The State conceded that it was the wrong code
section; however, the State claimed the mistake was a scrivener’s error. The circuit court
offered to postpone the plea; however, Clark went ahead and entered the guilty plea.
¶3. On July 2, 2016, the circuit court sentenced Clark to twenty years in the custody of
MDOC for aggravated assault, with five years suspended, leaving fifteen years to serve.
Clark was also sentenced to a consecutive five-year firearm enhancement, resulting in a total
of twenty years to serve. He was also sentenced to five years of postrelease supervision.
Clark filed his PCR motion, which the circuit court denied. Clark timely appeals.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶4. In PCR cases, “we will not disturb the trial court’s findings unless they are found to
be clearly erroneous.” Jackson v. State, 965 So. 2d 686, 699 (¶6) (Miss. 2007) (citations
omitted). “However, if questions of law are raised, then the applicable standard of review
2 is de novo.” Id. “Whether a defendant received fair notice of a sentence enhancement is a
question of law that we review de novo.” Sallie v. State, 155 So. 3d 760, 762 (¶7) (Miss.
2015) (citation omitted).
DISCUSSION
I. Notice
¶5. In the order denying Clark’s PCR motion, the circuit judge limited the issue to
“notice.” “Generally, indictments must include information specific enough to allow a
defendant to determine what punishment he faces.” Sallie, 155 So. 3d at 763 (¶10) (citation
omitted). “Notice of the charge includes notices of the applicable minimum and maximum
penalties.” Id. (quoting Gowdy v. State, 56 So. 3d 540, 546 (¶20) (Miss. 2010)). “Further,
an indictment must contain (1) the essential elements of the offense charged, (2) sufficient
facts to fairly inform the defendant of the charge against which he must defend, and (3)
sufficient facts to enable him to plead double jeopardy in the event of future prosecution for
the same offense.” Townsend v. State, 188 So. 3d 616, 620 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016).
¶6. Clark uses the facts in Sallie to argue the circuit court erred in enhancing his sentence
under section 97-37-37 because of inadequate notice under the United States and Mississippi
Constitutions. However, the facts in this case present a distinct contrast to the facts in Sallie.
In Sallie, the defendant’s “indictment did not indicate that the State would seek any sentence
enhancement.” Sallie, 155 So. 3d at 763 (¶9) (emphasis added). Furthermore, the State in
Sallie did not indicate pretrial that it would seek the firearm enhancement. Id. “It is
fundamental that courts may amend indictments only to correct defects of form[;] however,
3 defects of substance must be corrected by the grand jury.” Spears v. State, 942 So. 2d 772,
774 (¶6) (Miss. 2006) (citations omitted). Clark’s indictment contained reference to the
wrong statute number (section 41-29-152); however, the indictment also contained reference
to the firearm-enhancement statute (section 97-37-37). This Court has previously opined,
“[I]f from a reading of the indictment as a whole the accused is in fact given fair notice of
that with which he has been charged, the indictment is legally sufficient.” Townsend, 188
So. 3d at 620 (¶14).
¶7. In Clark’s case, a fair reading of the indictment as a whole indicates the State’s intent
to pursue the sentence enhancement under section 97-37-37. “Furthermore, all indictments
may be amended as to form but not as to the substance of the offense charged.” Brown v.
State, 12 So. 3d 586, 588 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009); see also URCCC 7.09. The Supreme
Court has held:
[A] change in the indictment is permissible if it does not materially alter facts which are the essence of the offense on the face of the indictment as it originally stood or materially alter a defense to the indictment as it originally stood so as to prejudice the defendant’s case. The test for whether an amendment to the indictment will prejudice the defense is whether the defense as it originally stood would be equally available after the amendment is made.
Greenlee v. State, 725 So. 2d 816, 822 (¶10) (Miss. 1998) (internal citations omitted).
¶8. Clark’s attorney presented the indictment to him. Also, after the State amended the
indictment, Clark was still given adequate notice of the enhancement, because he was asked
if he wanted to postpone the open plea, yet he declined to do so. Additionally, Clark was
advised of the minimum and maximum number of years to serve, for aggravated assault with
the firearm-enhancement statute, in the plea colloquy.
4 ¶9. “Additionally, the Mississippi Supreme Court has held that notice is sufficient as few
as three days prior to the start of trial.” Johnson v . State, 194 So. 3d 191, 200 (¶25) (Miss.
2016) (citation omitted). If Clark’s assertion is that he was not given notice prior to his open
plea, the Supreme Court has addressed the length of time that is deemed adequate for the
purpose of “notice.” The Supreme Court in Williams v. State, 131 So. 3d 1174 (Miss. 2014),
“took no issue with the fact that the defendant learned of the State’s intent to amend the
indictment the same day that the motion to amend was filed.” Johnson, 194 So. 3d at 200
(¶25) (citing Williams, 131 So. 3d at 1176-78 (¶¶2, 9)).
¶10. This Court finds the circuit court properly ruled that Clark received adequate notice
in amending the indictment. However, the Court notes that if the indictment had made no
mention of the firearm enhancement, the judgment of the circuit court would be reversed.
II. Legality of Sentence Enhancement Under Section 97-37-37
¶11. Clark asserts that the use or display of the firearm, required by section 97-37-37(1),
is an element that must be properly charged to the jury. This Court agrees with his assertion.
“The [Supreme] Court has ruled that the jury must find the elements of the firearm
enhancement beyond a reasonable doubt under Apprendi [v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466
(2000),] before a trial court may apply the enhancement.” Sallie, 155 So. 3d at 764 (¶10)
(citations omitted). However, Clark’s case represents an entirely unique set of facts. Clark
waived any obligation on the State to prove every element of the crime beyond a reasonable
doubt when he agreed to an open plea. Therefore, the State did not have to present the
amended indictment with the sentence enhancement to the grand jury.
5 ¶12. Therefore, we find no abuse of discretion in the denial of Clark’s PCR motion.
Accordingly, we affirm.
¶13. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HINDS COUNTY, FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT, DENYING THE MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF IS AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO HINDS COUNTY.
LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON AND GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR. BARNES, J., CONCURS IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.