JACOBS, KELLEY D. v. NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC.

2025 TN WC 72
CourtTennessee Court of Workers' Compensation Claims
DecidedOctober 22, 2025
Docket2022-05-0895
StatusPublished

This text of 2025 TN WC 72 (JACOBS, KELLEY D. v. NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Tennessee Court of Workers' Compensation Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
JACOBS, KELLEY D. v. NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC., 2025 TN WC 72 (Tenn. Super. Ct. 2025).

Opinion

FILED Oct 22, 2025 01:35 PM(CT) TENNESSEE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS

TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS IN THE COURT OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS AT MURFREESBORO

KELLEY D. JACOBS, ) Docket No. 2022-05-0895 Employee, ) v. ) ) NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC., ) State File No. 68241-2020 Employer, ) and ) ) SAFETY NATIONAL CASUALTY ) Judge Dale Tipps CORP., ) Insurance Carrier. )

COMPENSATION ORDER GRANTING BENEFITS

The Court held a compensation hearing on October 9, 2025, on whether Ms. Jacobs is entitled to additional temporary disability benefits and whether her permanent disability is partial or total. The main issue was whether her non-work-related spinal problems should be considered with her compensable shoulder injury to constitute permanent total disability. For the reasons below, the Court holds that she is entitled to permanent partial disability and increased benefits but not additional temporary disability.

History of Claim

Ms. Jacobs developed right-shoulder pain while working for Nissan. She reported the injury on October 8, 2020, and Nissan furnished medical benefits. Ms. Jacobs selected Dr. Jeffrey Kutsikovich, who diagnosed a rotator cuff tear and surgically repaired it on July 14, 2021. Nissan paid temporary disability benefits from that date until the doctor released her to return to work with no restrictions on December 1.

A little over a year later, Dr. Kutsikovich diagnosed a recurrent tear and surgically repaired it on April 19, 2023. He released Ms. Jacobs without restrictions on September 14, 2023, and placed her at maximum medical improvement on November 28 with a 3%

1 permanent impairment rating. Nissan failed to pay temporary disability benefits after Ms. Jacobs’s second surgery but later paid some of those benefits in a lump sum.

On the surface, this claim would appear to be fairly straightforward. However, a complication lurks under this seemingly simple set of facts in the form of an old cervical injury. Ms. Jacobs injured her neck and had a cervical fusion operation several years before beginning her job at Nissan. She testified that she healed well and had no ongoing problems, as she was able to work, raise her children, and take care of her house and seven acres. The parties agreed Nissan never had knowledge of her neck injury.

During her shoulder treatment, Ms. Jacobs began suffering from pain and other symptoms in her neck. She began seeing Dr. Erion Qamirani in November 2021, shortly before Dr. Kutsikovich released her after her first shoulder surgery. Dr. Qamirani’s treatment was unauthorized, as both parties agreed Ms. Jacobs’s spinal problems are unrelated to her work injury at Nissan.

When Dr. Kutsikovich released Ms. Jacobs to return to work without restrictions on December 1, 2021, she was unable to return to her job because Dr. Qamirani had recently performed cervical fusion surgery and assigned restrictions of his own. As noted above, Nissan ceased temporary disability benefits because the neck injury was not a compensable part of her claim.

Dr. Qamirani performed an additional cervical fusion in December 2022. This was followed by Dr. Kutsikovich’s shoulder revision operation in April 2023. Dr. Qamirani then also performed a lumbar fusion in November.

Ms. Jacobs was never able to return to work at Nissan. As a result, she received short-term and long-term disability payments from January 12, 2022, to September 26, 2024, from a plan funded by Nissan. Her application for Social Security Disability was approved in January 2025.

At the hearing, Ms. Jacobs described constant and debilitating pain in her shoulder from the day of the first surgery, through her second surgery, and persisting today.1 She also said that between February 2022 and April 2023, she repeatedly requested to return to Dr. Kutsikovich that Nissan largely ignored. As a result, she missed over a year of work without restrictions from an authorized doctor, which led to her termination. Ms. Jacobs also complained that Dr. Kutsikovich did not perform a physical examination or test her shoulder motion before assigning maximum medical improvement with no restrictions on November 28, 2023. She believes that, even if her neck and back were fine, she would still be unable to work because of her shoulder condition alone.

1 Her neck and back also continued to worsen.

2 Expert proof

Dr. Kutsikovich testified by deposition that when he saw Ms. Jacobs in December 2021, after her first shoulder operation, she had good strength in her rotator cuff muscles. Her pain with forward elevation was common at this stage after surgery, and she “would have been off restrictions.” However, he acknowledged that she had already undergone the cervical fusion, which would restrict how much she could lift. As a result, he expected her to make a gradual return to work whenever she was released from Dr. Qamirani’s restrictions.

As for her shoulder injury, Dr. Kutsikovich felt Ms. Jacobs was at full duty from December 2021 until he reviewed a new MRI and met with her on March 27, 2023. At that point, he assigned temporary restrictions of occasional overhead reaching and occasional overhead activity. Then, after his revision operation on April 19, he assigned temporary restrictions of no use of the arm. Dr. Kutsikovich removed all temporary restrictions on September 13 and assigned maximum medical improvement on November 28. He did not impose permanent restrictions.

Dr. Qamirani said in his deposition that Ms. Jacobs’s 2010 cervical fusion caused the adjacent levels of her cervical spine to degenerate or develop arthritis. This necessitated the two fusion surgeries he performed. He explained that adjacent level arthritis requires additional surgery after ten years in 30% of patients who have had a fusion. While Dr. Qamirani assigned several permanent restrictions to Ms. Jacobs, he deferred to Dr. Kutsikovich regarding any restrictions for her shoulder injury.

Ms. Jacobs sought an independent medical evaluation with Dr. Robert Landsberg. He assigned a 5% permanent impairment rating for her shoulder injury. He also placed permanent restrictions of no lifting over two pounds with the arm extended and 10-15 pounds with the elbow at her side, no repetitive overhead or outstretched lifting, and no more than occasional reaching. However, he admitted that her neck condition factored into his restrictions.

Dr. Alton Hunter performed a Medical Impairment Rating Registry evaluation and assigned a 6% permanent impairment rating for Ms. Jacobs’s shoulder injury.

Nissan asked Dr. Douglas Mathews, a neurosurgeon, for an employer’s examination. He confirmed that Ms. Jacobs had a preexisting impairment for her neck arising from her original cervical surgery. Dr. Mathews also said her more recent problems were likely from adjacent segment disease caused by the original procedure. He deferred to Dr. Kutsikovich on any question of restrictions arising out of Ms. Jacobs’s shoulder injury.

Michael Galloway, a vocational expert, testified on behalf of Ms. Jacobs. He

3 reviewed her medical records and educational and vocational history, and he administered the Wide Range Achievement Test. His initial vocational analysis resulted in two opinions. First, assuming Ms. Jacobs had no permanent restrictions arising from her right shoulder injury, she would have no vocational disability related to her work injury at Nissan. Alternatively, “assuming Ms. Jacobs cannot return to work due to her combined multiple surgeries and physical impairments (neck, back, and right shoulder) . . . Ms. Jacobs would have a 100% vocational disability as a result.”

Mr. Galloway wrote two addenda to his report. The first one was prompted by his review of Dr. Landsberg’s evaluation report. He noted that Dr.

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