COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Benton, Humphreys and Senior Judge Overton
JACK MICHAEL NELSON MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 0683-03-2 PER CURIAM OCTOBER 28, 2003 PETERSBURG DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PETERSBURG Pamela S. Baskervill, Judge
(Edie T. Conley, on brief), for appellant.
(Joan M. O'Donnell, on brief), for appellee.
(George F. Marable, III, on brief), Guardian ad litem for the infant children.
Jack Michael Nelson appeals the decisions of the trial court terminating his residual parental
rights to his four children. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that
this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decisions of the trial court.
See Rule 5A:27
Procedural Background
A written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript establishes that Jack Michael Nelson is
the father of four children who were born June 16, 1997, November 3, 1998, January 30, 2000,
and June 20, 2001.
On September 26, 2001, the Petersburg Department of Social Services filed petitions in
the juvenile and domestic relations district court pursuant to Code § 16.1-228, alleging the
children were abused and neglected. The juvenile court entered emergency orders removing the
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. children from the home and awarding temporary custody to the Department. The juvenile court
later found that the neglect and abuse suffered by the children presented a serious and substantial
threat to their life, health or development. Upon the Department's application, the juvenile court
approved foster care service plans for the children with the goal of returning the children to the
home. Ten months later, the Department petitioned the juvenile court to terminate father's
residual parental rights. The juvenile court granted the petitions.
Father appealed the orders to the circuit court. Following a trial de novo, the trial court
entered orders terminating father's residual parental rights to each child. In each order, the trial
court recited evidence it considered pertinent to that specifically named child, including
recommendations from the children's guardian ad litem and Court-Appointed Special Advocate
in support of termination. The trial court made the following findings and rulings in each of the
four orders:
9. The neglect or abuse suffered by this child presented a serious and substantial threat to his life, health or development. This Court specifically finds that it is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the child's safe return to his father within a reasonable period of time.
11. This Court specifically finds that the father, without good cause, has been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time to remedy substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation of the child's placement in foster care.
The trial court also found that father subjected the children to aggravated circumstances.
In paragraph 12 of the orders involving two of the children, the trial court stated:
The Court specifically finds that the father has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances. The conditions in the home evinced a wanton or depraved indifference to human life. In addition, this child was living in the home when two other children of the father also living in the home were subjected to chronic abuse by starvation, placing their health, safety and welfare at risk and resulting in serious bodily injury.
-2- In paragraph 12 of the orders for the other two children, the trial court stated:
The Court specifically finds that the father has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances. The conditions in the home evinced a wanton or depraved indifference to human life. In addition, this child and a sibling were subjected to chronic abuse by starvation, placing their health, safety and welfare at risk and resulting in serious bodily injury.
The trial court found "it is in the best interests of the child to terminate the father's
residual parental rights in order to provide the child with a safe and permanent placement."
Father's attorney signed each order "SEEN AND OBJECTED TO."
Issues Preserved and Issues Raised on Appeal
In his opening brief, father presented two questions: (1) whether the trial court
committed reversible error by finding that the Department "produced clear and convincing
evidence, pursuant to Code § 16.1-283, to support termination as to his four children"; and (2)
whether the trial court committed reversible error by finding that father "without good cause, had
been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time to remedy substantially the
conditions which led to or required continuation of the children's placement in foster care."
In the argument portion of his brief, father contends that "due to [his] lengthy period of
incarceration at Riverside Regional Jail, he did not have adequate opportunity to substantially
remedy the conditions that led to or required continuation of his four children's placement in
foster care." He further asserts that the "trial court erred in finding that the Department met [its]
evidentiary burden" to support termination under Code § 16.1-283. Specifically, he contends he
"followed through with available rehabilitative efforts both during his incarceration and upon his
release, prior to his hearing in February 2003."
Discussion
Code § 16.1-283 provides multiple bases upon which a trial court may terminate a
parent's residual parental rights. A close reading of the trial court's orders reflects that it found
-3- sufficient evidence to terminate father's residual parental rights under subsections (B), (C) and
(E) of Code § 16.1-283.
Code § 16.1-283(B) provides that a parent's residual parental rights "may be terminated if
the court finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best interests of the
child and that:"
1. The neglect or abuse suffered by such child presented a serious and substantial threat to his life, health or development; and
2. It is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the child's safe return to his parent or parents within a reasonable period of time.
Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) provides that a parent's residual parental rights "may be
terminated if the court finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best
interests of the child and that:"
The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation of the child's foster care placement, notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.
Code § 16.1-283(E) provides that the residual parental rights of a parent of a child in
foster care "may be terminated by the court if the court finds, based upon clear and convincing
evidence, that it is in the best interests of the child and that . . . (iv) the parent has subjected any
child to aggravated circumstances."
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Benton, Humphreys and Senior Judge Overton
JACK MICHAEL NELSON MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 0683-03-2 PER CURIAM OCTOBER 28, 2003 PETERSBURG DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PETERSBURG Pamela S. Baskervill, Judge
(Edie T. Conley, on brief), for appellant.
(Joan M. O'Donnell, on brief), for appellee.
(George F. Marable, III, on brief), Guardian ad litem for the infant children.
Jack Michael Nelson appeals the decisions of the trial court terminating his residual parental
rights to his four children. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that
this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decisions of the trial court.
See Rule 5A:27
Procedural Background
A written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript establishes that Jack Michael Nelson is
the father of four children who were born June 16, 1997, November 3, 1998, January 30, 2000,
and June 20, 2001.
On September 26, 2001, the Petersburg Department of Social Services filed petitions in
the juvenile and domestic relations district court pursuant to Code § 16.1-228, alleging the
children were abused and neglected. The juvenile court entered emergency orders removing the
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. children from the home and awarding temporary custody to the Department. The juvenile court
later found that the neglect and abuse suffered by the children presented a serious and substantial
threat to their life, health or development. Upon the Department's application, the juvenile court
approved foster care service plans for the children with the goal of returning the children to the
home. Ten months later, the Department petitioned the juvenile court to terminate father's
residual parental rights. The juvenile court granted the petitions.
Father appealed the orders to the circuit court. Following a trial de novo, the trial court
entered orders terminating father's residual parental rights to each child. In each order, the trial
court recited evidence it considered pertinent to that specifically named child, including
recommendations from the children's guardian ad litem and Court-Appointed Special Advocate
in support of termination. The trial court made the following findings and rulings in each of the
four orders:
9. The neglect or abuse suffered by this child presented a serious and substantial threat to his life, health or development. This Court specifically finds that it is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the child's safe return to his father within a reasonable period of time.
11. This Court specifically finds that the father, without good cause, has been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time to remedy substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation of the child's placement in foster care.
The trial court also found that father subjected the children to aggravated circumstances.
In paragraph 12 of the orders involving two of the children, the trial court stated:
The Court specifically finds that the father has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances. The conditions in the home evinced a wanton or depraved indifference to human life. In addition, this child was living in the home when two other children of the father also living in the home were subjected to chronic abuse by starvation, placing their health, safety and welfare at risk and resulting in serious bodily injury.
-2- In paragraph 12 of the orders for the other two children, the trial court stated:
The Court specifically finds that the father has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances. The conditions in the home evinced a wanton or depraved indifference to human life. In addition, this child and a sibling were subjected to chronic abuse by starvation, placing their health, safety and welfare at risk and resulting in serious bodily injury.
The trial court found "it is in the best interests of the child to terminate the father's
residual parental rights in order to provide the child with a safe and permanent placement."
Father's attorney signed each order "SEEN AND OBJECTED TO."
Issues Preserved and Issues Raised on Appeal
In his opening brief, father presented two questions: (1) whether the trial court
committed reversible error by finding that the Department "produced clear and convincing
evidence, pursuant to Code § 16.1-283, to support termination as to his four children"; and (2)
whether the trial court committed reversible error by finding that father "without good cause, had
been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time to remedy substantially the
conditions which led to or required continuation of the children's placement in foster care."
In the argument portion of his brief, father contends that "due to [his] lengthy period of
incarceration at Riverside Regional Jail, he did not have adequate opportunity to substantially
remedy the conditions that led to or required continuation of his four children's placement in
foster care." He further asserts that the "trial court erred in finding that the Department met [its]
evidentiary burden" to support termination under Code § 16.1-283. Specifically, he contends he
"followed through with available rehabilitative efforts both during his incarceration and upon his
release, prior to his hearing in February 2003."
Discussion
Code § 16.1-283 provides multiple bases upon which a trial court may terminate a
parent's residual parental rights. A close reading of the trial court's orders reflects that it found
-3- sufficient evidence to terminate father's residual parental rights under subsections (B), (C) and
(E) of Code § 16.1-283.
Code § 16.1-283(B) provides that a parent's residual parental rights "may be terminated if
the court finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best interests of the
child and that:"
1. The neglect or abuse suffered by such child presented a serious and substantial threat to his life, health or development; and
2. It is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the child's safe return to his parent or parents within a reasonable period of time.
Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) provides that a parent's residual parental rights "may be
terminated if the court finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best
interests of the child and that:"
The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation of the child's foster care placement, notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.
Code § 16.1-283(E) provides that the residual parental rights of a parent of a child in
foster care "may be terminated by the court if the court finds, based upon clear and convincing
evidence, that it is in the best interests of the child and that . . . (iv) the parent has subjected any
child to aggravated circumstances."
In his brief, father argued that he "made substantial progress towards fulfilling all the
requirements of the Foster Care Plans," and he substantially complied with the Department's
recommendations. Referring specifically to Code § 16.1-283(B), father contended the
Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence to justify termination under that subsection.
-4- The record, however, contains a written statement of facts that does not specify objections or
grounds for objections. When the record is so deficient, "we cannot assume that appellant's
objection and reasons were proffered." Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 516, 404 S.E.2d 736, 738
(1991) (en banc).
"No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless the
objection was stated together with the grounds therefor at the time of the ruling . . . ." Rule
5A:18. The Court of Appeals will not consider an argument on appeal which was not presented
to the trial court. Jacques v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 591, 593, 405 S.E.2d 630, 631 (1991).
Ordinarily, endorsement of an order "Seen and objected to" is not specific enough to meet the requirements of Rule 5A:18 because it does not sufficiently alert the trial court to the claimed error. Such an endorsement is sufficient to satisfy Rule 5A:18 only if "the ruling made by the trial court was narrow enough to make obvious the basis of appellant's objection."
Herring v. Herring, 33 Va. App. 281, 286, 532 S.E.2d 923, 926 (2000) (quoting Mackie v. Hill,
16 Va. App. 229, 231, 429 S.E.2d 37, 38 (1993)). Therefore, Rule 5A:18 bars our consideration
of father's arguments on appeal.
Moreover, the trial court found alternative grounds upon which to terminate father's
parental rights. See paragraph 12 in orders containing findings using language from Code
§ 16.1-283(E). Father did not contest these findings. In addition, testimony from Theaster Smith
of the Department and Lisa Smith from the Riverside Regional Jail demonstrated that father did
not timely cooperate with or participate in recommended programs and classes available to him.
Thus, the record does not reflect any reason to invoke the good cause or ends of justice
exceptions to Rule 5A:18.
Accordingly, we affirm the decisions of the trial court.
Affirmed.
-5-