J.A. v. Pennsylvania State Police

CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedJanuary 29, 2025
Docket1289 EDA 2024
StatusUnpublished

This text of J.A. v. Pennsylvania State Police (J.A. v. Pennsylvania State Police) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
J.A. v. Pennsylvania State Police, (Pa. Ct. App. 2025).

Opinion

J-A24005-24

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

J.A. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : PENNSYLVANIA STATE POLICE, AND : No. 1289 EDA 2024 KEVIN R. STEELE :

Appeal from the Order Entered April 8, 2024 In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Civil Division at No(s): 2024-00587

BEFORE: LAZARUS, P.J., KING, J., and LANE, J.

MEMORANDUM PER CURIAM: FILED JANUARY 29, 2025

J.A. appeals from the order, entered in the Court of Common Pleas of

Montgomery County, denying his petition for restoration of firearms rights

filed pursuant to section 6105(f)(1) of the Pennsylvania Uniform Firearms Act

(UFA), 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6101-6128. After our review, we affirm based on the

opinion authored by the Honorable Richard P. Haaz.

Pursuant to sections 302 and 303 of the Mental Health Procedures Act

(MHPA), 50 P.S. §§ 7302, 7303, J.A. had been involuntarily committed on

February 20, 2021 and February 25, 2021, respectively.1 Consequently, J.A. ____________________________________________

1 J.A. was seventeen years old when his parents, both healthcare professionals, [] filed a petition for involuntary commitment of their son, fearing for his and their own safety. J.A.’s father, a psychiatrist, reported that J.A.’s “paranoia, grandiosity, and dysregulated mood has severely escalated over the past 30 days—police had to be called three times to calm him and (Footnote Continued Next Page) J-A24005-24

was subject to state and federal firearm restrictions. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §

6105(c)(4);2 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(4).3

____________________________________________

protect us[;] CYS and Mobile Crisis have also come to our home several times over [the] past 30 days[.]” Application for Involuntary Emergency Examination and Treatment (Section 302 Petition), 2/20/21. J.A.’s father and mother also reported that J.A. had made verbal threats toward them, that J.A. believed they were stealing his mail, and that J.A. believed his mother was trying to poison him. Id. J.A. was treated at Horsham Clinic for two days. After examination and evaluation, James Yi, M.D., a board-certified psychiatrist, submitted a request that the court certify J.A. for extended section 303 involuntary treatment pursuant to section 7303 of the MHPA. See J.A. v. Montgomery County, et al., 1362 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. filed April 11, 2023) (unpublished memorandum decision), appeal denied 309 A.3d 696 (Pa. Dec. 20, 2023).

2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(c) provides:

Other persons.--In addition to any person who has been convicted of any offense listed under subsection (b), the following persons shall be subject to the prohibition of subsection (a):

***

(4) A person who has been adjudicated as an incompetent or who has been involuntarily committed to a mental institution for inpatient care and treatment under section 302, 303 or 304 of the provisions of the act of July 9, 1976 (P.L. 817, No. 143), known as the Mental Health Procedures Act. This paragraph shall not apply to any proceeding under section 302 of the Mental Health Procedures Act unless the examining physician has issued a certification that inpatient care was necessary or that the person was committable.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(c)(4).

3 Federal firearm restrictions, pursuant to the Federal Gun Control Act of 1968,

18 U.S.C. § 921 et seq., apply to one “who has been . . . committed to a mental institution[.]” 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(4).

-2- J-A24005-24

On January 10, 2024, J.A. filed a petition seeking restoration of his

firearm rights pursuant to section 6105(f)(1) of the UFA. Judge Haaz held a

hearing on April 5, 2024. On April 8, 2024, Judge Haaz denied J.A.’s petition.

See Order, 4/8/24. J.A. filed a timely appeal. Both Judge Haaz and J.A. have

complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

J.A. raises two issues for our review:

1. Whether the trial court capriciously rejected the psychologist’s assessment and conclusions where the basis of the rejection is [J.A.’s] “personal motive” for seeking the restoration of his rights.

2. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in second- guessing the merits of the methodology that [Robert] Tanenbaum[, Ph,D.], employ[ed] in reaching his expert conclusions.

Appellant’s Brief, at 3.

Section 6105(f)(1) of the Crimes Code states: “Upon application to the

court of common pleas under this subsection by an applicant subject to the

prohibitions under subsection (c)(4), the court may grant such relief as it

deems appropriate if the court determines that the applicant may possess a

firearm without risk to the applicant or any other person.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §

6105(f)(1). This Court has stated that section 6105(f)(1) “plainly leaves the

decision of whether to restore the right to possess a firearm within the

discretion of the trial court.” E.G.G. v. Pennsylvania State Police, 219 A.3d

679, 683 (Pa. Super. 2019). An abuse of discretion “is not merely an error in

judgment. . . . [It] occurs when the law is overridden or misapplied, or the

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judgment exercised is manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality,

prejudice, bias, or ill-will, as shown by the evidence on record.” Id.

Moreover, “it is well-settled that a [ ] finder of fact is free to believe all, part

or none of a witness’ testimony” and therefore may “discount[ ] the testimony

of Appellant’s psychiatric expert.” Id.

At the hearing, the court heard testimony from J.A. and J.A.’s expert,

Dr. Tanenbaum, a licensed clinical psychologist. Doctor Tanenbaum evaluated

J.A. prior to the hearing and testified in support of J.A.’s request. The trial

court found neither Dr. Tanenbaum nor J.A. credible and, therefore,

determined that J.A. did not meet his burden of establishing by a

preponderance of the evidence that he was no longer a threat to himself or

others.

The trial court noted that Dr. Tanenbaum’s report was “incomplete,”

devoted entirely to the events precipitating the involuntary commitment; that

Dr. Tanenbaum did not contact either J.A.’s treating psychiatrist or J.A.’s

parents; and that his assessment and conclusions were “unduly driven by

[J.A.’s] personal motive to exonerate himself to his parents.” Trial Court

Opinion, 5/23/24, at 6. The court also found J.A.’s credibility compromised

by a false statement in his petition—the production of a transcript from

Vanderbilt University, which he never attended—and his “deceptions to his

lawyer and psychologist about the accuracy of his educational history.” Id.

at 7. Additionally, the court found concerning the fact that J.A. did not offer

-4- J-A24005-24

the testimony of his treating psychiatrist. The court ultimately found both J.A.

and Dr. Tanenbaum unworthy of belief.

As the factfinder, the trial court had the right to assess the witnesses’

credibility. See J.C.B. v. Pennsylvania State Police, 35 A.3d 792, 797

(Pa. Super. 2012) (finding “the trial court, as the fact finder, acted within its

discretion in[,]” inter alia, “discounting the testimony of Appellant’s psychiatric

expert.”). As an appellate court, we must pay proper deference to this

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