NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 18-2527 ___________
IZZADEEN SHIABDEEN JAINUL ABDEEN, Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Respondent ____________________________________
On Petition for Review of a Decision of the United States Department of Justice Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA-1: A088-379-465) Immigration Judge: Hon. Annie S. Garcy ____________________________________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) January 23, 2019
Before: JORDAN, KRAUSE, and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: May 30, 2019)
OPINION*
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. KRAUSE, Circuit Judge.
Izzadeen Shiabdeen Jainul Abdeen, an alien from Sri Lanka, petitions for review
of an order by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying his second motion to
reopen removal proceedings because he failed to establish prima facie eligibility for
relief. We will deny the petition.
Background
Abdeen previously applied for, but was not granted, asylum, withholding of
removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT) on the basis that he
endured mistreatment for supporting the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. He subsequently
filed a motion to reopen his proceedings but missed the filing deadline. See 8 U.S.C. §
1229a(c)(7)(C)(i) (requiring motion to be filed “within 90 days of the . . . order of
removal”). The BIA denied the motion, finding that the “changed country conditions”
exception to the filing deadline, 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii); 8 C.F.R. §
1003.2(c)(3)(ii), did not apply.
Several years later, Abdeen filed a second motion to reopen, arguing that the
changed-conditions exception now applied because multiple incidents of violence against
Muslims had recently transpired in Sri Lanka. The BIA again denied his motion because,
even assuming arguendo that conditions in Sri Lanka had changed, the BIA will only
grant a motion to reopen if the alien establishes prima facie eligibility for relief, Khan v.
Att’y Gen., 691 F.3d 488, 496 (3d Cir. 2012), which it concluded Abdeen had failed to
do. This appeal followed.
2 Discussion1
Abdeen petitions for review of the BIA’s denial of his motion to reopen removal
proceedings, positing that (1) the BIA failed to address one of the arguments in his
motion concerning the aggregated risk of persecution he would face in Sri Lanka as a
Muslim and as a returned asylum-seeker; (2) the BIA failed to consider certain evidence
he presented; (3) the BIA applied the wrong legal standard in determining whether he had
established prima facie eligibility for relief; and (4) the BIA’s determination that he did
not establish prima facie eligibility was simply incorrect. None of these arguments is
persuasive.
A. The BIA’s Failure to Consider Abdeen’s Aggregated-Risk Argument
As the Government concedes, the BIA failed to expressly address Abdeen’s
argument that he was entitled to asylum because the “cumulative effect,” Petitioner’s Br.
9, of being someone who fled Sri Lanka seeking asylum and being Muslim created a
sufficient risk that he would face persecution upon return. But as the Government also
points out, any error was harmless.
An error is harmless when it is “highly probable that the error did not affect the
outcome of the case.” Li Hua Yuan v. Att’y Gen., 642 F.3d 420, 427 (3d Cir. 2011). To
obtain a different outcome, a petitioner would need “to produce objective evidence
showing a reasonable likelihood that he can establish that he is entitled to relief.” Guo v.
1 This Court has jurisdiction over Abdeen’s petition for review pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). See Cruz v. Att’y Gen., 452 F.3d 240, 246 (3d Cir. 2006). We review the BIA’s denial of his motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. See Guo v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 562 (3d Cir. 2004). 3 Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 563 (3d Cir. 2004) (citations omitted). And for the relief of
asylum, a petitioner like Abdeen, among other things, would need to establish a well-
founded fear of persecution. See Huang v. Att’y Gen., 620 F.3d 372, 380–81 (3d Cir.
2010).
Here, there is almost no chance that the BIA, considering Abdeen’s returned
asylum-seeker argument, would have concluded he could establish a well-founded fear of
persecution. Essentially all of the evidence Abdeen offered regarding the persecution
that returned asylum-seekers purportedly face in Sri Lanka concerned people who were
persecuted for being Tamil and were, only incidentally, returned asylum-seekers.
Abdeen is not Tamil, and the evidence therefore did not speak to his risk of future
persecution. Indeed, the BIA previously rejected a highly similar argument in Abdeen’s
first motion on precisely that basis. And the only meaningful difference between his
prior and current arguments is that Abdeen now seeks to aggregate the risk of persecution
he faces as a returned asylum-seeker and as a Muslim. But as Abdeen’s evidence
concerns a group to which he does not belong, the aggregated risk is not materially
different than the original risk, and the BIA’s failure to consider Abdeen’s aggregation
argument thus was harmless.
B. The BIA’s Purported Failure to Consider Certain Evidence
The BIA abuses its discretion if it fails to “appraise[] the material evidence before
it.” Sevoian v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 166, 177 (3d Cir. 2002) (citation omitted). Abdeen
contends that happened here—asserting in broad terms that the BIA overlooked a litany
of evidence he presented—but he does not explain specifically why the BIA’s assessment
4 of his evidence did not suffice. Though the BIA did not discuss each piece of evidence
offered by Abdeen, the BIA observed that he had “presented a number of articles
showing that . . . anti-Muslim hate groups . . . have engaged in attacks against the Muslim
minority” and explained how it reached its decision in spite of that evidence, A.R. 3–4,
which is all it was required to do, see Sevoian, 290 F.3d at 178 (“The Board is not
required to write an exegesis on every contention, . . . but only to show that it has
reviewed the record and grasped the movant’s claims.” (citations omitted)). We therefore
find no abuse of discretion in the BIA’s evaluation of Abdeen’s evidence.
C. The BIA’s Application of the Prima Facie Eligibility Standard
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 18-2527 ___________
IZZADEEN SHIABDEEN JAINUL ABDEEN, Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Respondent ____________________________________
On Petition for Review of a Decision of the United States Department of Justice Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA-1: A088-379-465) Immigration Judge: Hon. Annie S. Garcy ____________________________________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) January 23, 2019
Before: JORDAN, KRAUSE, and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: May 30, 2019)
OPINION*
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. KRAUSE, Circuit Judge.
Izzadeen Shiabdeen Jainul Abdeen, an alien from Sri Lanka, petitions for review
of an order by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying his second motion to
reopen removal proceedings because he failed to establish prima facie eligibility for
relief. We will deny the petition.
Background
Abdeen previously applied for, but was not granted, asylum, withholding of
removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT) on the basis that he
endured mistreatment for supporting the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. He subsequently
filed a motion to reopen his proceedings but missed the filing deadline. See 8 U.S.C. §
1229a(c)(7)(C)(i) (requiring motion to be filed “within 90 days of the . . . order of
removal”). The BIA denied the motion, finding that the “changed country conditions”
exception to the filing deadline, 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii); 8 C.F.R. §
1003.2(c)(3)(ii), did not apply.
Several years later, Abdeen filed a second motion to reopen, arguing that the
changed-conditions exception now applied because multiple incidents of violence against
Muslims had recently transpired in Sri Lanka. The BIA again denied his motion because,
even assuming arguendo that conditions in Sri Lanka had changed, the BIA will only
grant a motion to reopen if the alien establishes prima facie eligibility for relief, Khan v.
Att’y Gen., 691 F.3d 488, 496 (3d Cir. 2012), which it concluded Abdeen had failed to
do. This appeal followed.
2 Discussion1
Abdeen petitions for review of the BIA’s denial of his motion to reopen removal
proceedings, positing that (1) the BIA failed to address one of the arguments in his
motion concerning the aggregated risk of persecution he would face in Sri Lanka as a
Muslim and as a returned asylum-seeker; (2) the BIA failed to consider certain evidence
he presented; (3) the BIA applied the wrong legal standard in determining whether he had
established prima facie eligibility for relief; and (4) the BIA’s determination that he did
not establish prima facie eligibility was simply incorrect. None of these arguments is
persuasive.
A. The BIA’s Failure to Consider Abdeen’s Aggregated-Risk Argument
As the Government concedes, the BIA failed to expressly address Abdeen’s
argument that he was entitled to asylum because the “cumulative effect,” Petitioner’s Br.
9, of being someone who fled Sri Lanka seeking asylum and being Muslim created a
sufficient risk that he would face persecution upon return. But as the Government also
points out, any error was harmless.
An error is harmless when it is “highly probable that the error did not affect the
outcome of the case.” Li Hua Yuan v. Att’y Gen., 642 F.3d 420, 427 (3d Cir. 2011). To
obtain a different outcome, a petitioner would need “to produce objective evidence
showing a reasonable likelihood that he can establish that he is entitled to relief.” Guo v.
1 This Court has jurisdiction over Abdeen’s petition for review pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). See Cruz v. Att’y Gen., 452 F.3d 240, 246 (3d Cir. 2006). We review the BIA’s denial of his motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. See Guo v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 562 (3d Cir. 2004). 3 Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 563 (3d Cir. 2004) (citations omitted). And for the relief of
asylum, a petitioner like Abdeen, among other things, would need to establish a well-
founded fear of persecution. See Huang v. Att’y Gen., 620 F.3d 372, 380–81 (3d Cir.
2010).
Here, there is almost no chance that the BIA, considering Abdeen’s returned
asylum-seeker argument, would have concluded he could establish a well-founded fear of
persecution. Essentially all of the evidence Abdeen offered regarding the persecution
that returned asylum-seekers purportedly face in Sri Lanka concerned people who were
persecuted for being Tamil and were, only incidentally, returned asylum-seekers.
Abdeen is not Tamil, and the evidence therefore did not speak to his risk of future
persecution. Indeed, the BIA previously rejected a highly similar argument in Abdeen’s
first motion on precisely that basis. And the only meaningful difference between his
prior and current arguments is that Abdeen now seeks to aggregate the risk of persecution
he faces as a returned asylum-seeker and as a Muslim. But as Abdeen’s evidence
concerns a group to which he does not belong, the aggregated risk is not materially
different than the original risk, and the BIA’s failure to consider Abdeen’s aggregation
argument thus was harmless.
B. The BIA’s Purported Failure to Consider Certain Evidence
The BIA abuses its discretion if it fails to “appraise[] the material evidence before
it.” Sevoian v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 166, 177 (3d Cir. 2002) (citation omitted). Abdeen
contends that happened here—asserting in broad terms that the BIA overlooked a litany
of evidence he presented—but he does not explain specifically why the BIA’s assessment
4 of his evidence did not suffice. Though the BIA did not discuss each piece of evidence
offered by Abdeen, the BIA observed that he had “presented a number of articles
showing that . . . anti-Muslim hate groups . . . have engaged in attacks against the Muslim
minority” and explained how it reached its decision in spite of that evidence, A.R. 3–4,
which is all it was required to do, see Sevoian, 290 F.3d at 178 (“The Board is not
required to write an exegesis on every contention, . . . but only to show that it has
reviewed the record and grasped the movant’s claims.” (citations omitted)). We therefore
find no abuse of discretion in the BIA’s evaluation of Abdeen’s evidence.
C. The BIA’s Application of the Prima Facie Eligibility Standard
Abdeen also contends that, while he was only required to show a “reasonable
likelihood” that he would later be able to establish entitlement to relief, Guo, 386 F.3d at
563, the BIA held him to the higher standard that ultimately governs eligibility for relief
itself.
The BIA is entitled to a “presumption of regularity,” Kamara v. Att’y Gen., 420
F.3d 202, 212 (3d Cir. 2005), and accordingly, “[a]bsent evidence to the contrary,
[courts] presume[] that the BIA applied the correct standard,” Pilica v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d
941, 949 (6th Cir. 2004). Here, Abdeen failed to put forward evidence to the contrary.
While it is true that the BIA did not expressly reference the “reasonable likelihood”
standard, it did cite this Court’s articulation of that standard when framing its discussion
of prima facie eligibility. See A.R. 3 (citing Khan, 691 F.3d at 496). And although it
alluded to the standards that govern eligibility for asylum and CAT protection, it did not
conclude that Abdeen’s motion failed because he could not meet those standards. Rather,
5 it held he had not made a prima facie showing that he could meet those standards. See
A.R. 4 (“[T]he evidence . . . does not make a prima facie showing that the respondent has
a well-founded fear or a clear probability of persecution by individuals the Sri Lankan
government is unable or unwilling to control. . . . Nor has the respondent presented a
prima facie case that he will more likely than not be subjected to torture [by a
government actor or by someone with government acquiescence].” (emphasis added)). In
short, although the BIA could have been more explicit about the standard it was applying,
it does not appear to have held Abdeen to a higher standard than appropriate.
D. The BIA’s Ultimate Finding Regarding Prima Facie Eligibility
Abdeen’s final argument is that the BIA erred by concluding that he did not
establish prima facie eligibility for relief. But he does not highlight any specific legal
error, and instead merely quibbles with the BIA’s assessment of the evidence. We cannot
say that assessment was “arbitrary, irrational or contrary to law,” and the BIA therefore
did not abuse its discretion on this issue as well. Tipu v. I.N.S., 20 F.3d 580, 582 (3d Cir.
1994) (citations omitted).
Conclusion
For the aforementioned reasons, we will deny the petition as to the BIA’s June 11,
2018 order.