PETITION FOR NULLIFICATION OF NO. 22-CA-539 DONATION (MILTON E. COTAYA, JR. AND C/W EDNA B. COTAYA TO LEE M. COTAYA) 22-CA-540
C/W FIFTH CIRCUIT
INTERDICTIONS OF MILTON E. COTAYA, COURT OF APPEAL JR. AND EDNA B. COTAYA STATE OF LOUISIANA
ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA NO. 738-534 C/W 719-653, DIVISION "E" HONORABLE FRANK A. BRINDISI, JUDGE PRESIDING
May 31, 2023
MARC E. JOHNSON JUDGE
Panel composed of Judges Fredericka Homberg Wicker, Jude G. Gravois, and Marc E. Johnson
AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART; CASE DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE MEJ FHW JGG COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT, VICKI TOSH William R. Penton, III James A. Harry
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE, LEE COTAYA AND FASTENERS, INC. J. Douglas Sunseri Kathryn A. E. Sunseri JOHNSON, J.
Appellant, Vicki Tosh, appeals the 24th Judicial District Court’s July 19,
2022 and September 15, 2022 judgments, granting Appellees’, Lee Cotaya and
Fasteners, Inc., Peremptory Exceptions of No Right of Action and No Cause of
Action. The judgments were later amended as ordered by this Court to add
necessary decretal language. The amended judgments were issued on March 6,
2023. For the following reasons, we find that, as the appeal of the judgments in
question is timely, this Court has jurisdiction to address the substantive issues
raised here. Further, we find the parts of the March 6, 2023 judgments granting
Appellees’ exception of no cause of action, in consolidated cases 719-653 and 738-
534, and dismissing the Petition to Enforce Consent Judgment with prejudice are
reversed; however, the parts of the March 6, 2023 judgments sustaining Appellees’
exception of no right of action, in consolidated cases 719-653 and 738-534, are
affirmed, and the case is dismissed with prejudice.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 17, 2021, Vicki Tosh filed a Petition to Enforce Consent Judgment
against her brother Lee Cotaya, and Fasteners, Inc. (collectively “Appellees”), in
the 24th Judicial District Court Docket Number 738-534. According to the January
14 and 15, 2015 minute entries from Docket Number 738-534, a consent judgment
among the parties was read into the record after a two-day trial of the Petition for
Nullification (filed on May 16, 2013). The consent judgment filed into the record
on November 30, 2015 was captioned “NO. 738-534 Division ‘H’ Milton Cotaya,
Jr. Edna B. Cotaya, Vicki Cotaya Tosh, Terrence Cotaya, and Trudy Cotaya
Blackwood versus Lee M. Cotaya, Fasteners, Inc., and William Credo [also
referred to as Petition for Nullification] consolidated with NO. 719-653 Division
1 ‘E’ Interdiction of Milton E. Cotaya, Jr. and Edna B. Cotaya”1. The consent
judgment, entered into between Vicki Tosh, Appellees, and three curators, on
behalf of Edna and Milton E. Cotaya, Sr., was captioned as the Consolidated case
but only filed into the record of the Interdiction case on November 15, 2015. The
consent judgment, provided that Fasteners, Inc. and Lee Cotaya were to pay $7,750
monthly, by the 7th of each month, to Lee Cotaya’s parents, Milton and Edna
Cotaya, until both were deceased. In turn, Vicki Tosh agreed to withdraw the
complaint she had filed with the Louisiana Accounting Board against Jan Cotaya,
her sister-in-law. The consent judgment also provided that court-appointed curators
John Sudderth, Robert Grant, and Albert “Joey” Richard “have full and
independent authority to enter into any and all business transactions on behalf of
[the interdicts] which said curators agree are reasonable and in the best interests of
[the interdicts].” The consent judgment also contained a penalty provision in the
event that the specified amount was not timely paid in full. Finally, the consent
judgment provided that should Lee Cotaya and Fasteners, Inc. default on the
monthly payments to Milton and Edna Cotaya, all the Fasteners, Inc. stock
currently held by Lee Cotaya would be transferred back to Mr. and Mrs. Cotaya’s
ownership.
On July 7, 2021, Appellees filed a “Motion to Dismiss, Exception of No
Cause of Action, No Right of Action and Sanctions Pursuant to La. C.C.P. art.
863” in the Nullification case. At the conclusion of the July 7, 2022 hearing on the
motions, the district court sustained the Appellees’ exceptions of no right of action
and no cause of action and denied their motion for sanctions. The record in the
Interdiction case reflects the written judgment was signed and filed into the record
on July 19, 2022, and the Clerk of Court mailed the judgment on July 20, 2022.
1 For simplicity’s sake, throughout the rest of the opinion, the “Consolidated” cases will be referred to as such; Docket number 719-653 will be referred to as the “Interdiction” case; and Docket number 738-534 will be referred to as the “Nullification” case.
2 The July 19, 2022 judgment was captioned “NO. 719-653 Division ‘E’ Interdiction
of Milton E. Cotaya, Jr. and Edna B. Cotaya.”
On September 12, 2022, Vicki Tosh filed a Motion for Appeal and
Designation of the Record captioned “NO. 738-534 c/w 719-658 Division ‘H’
Milton Cotaya, et al. v. Lee M. Cotaya, et al” in the Nullification case. Vicki
Tosh’s proposed designation of the record included the following:
1. May 17, 2021, Petition to Enforce Consent Judgment and Verification; 2. November 30, 2015, Consent Judgment between the parties; 3. July 7, 2021 Motion to Dismiss. Exceptions of No Cause of Action and No Right of Action and all exhibits attached thereto; 4. August 20, 2021, Opposition to Exceptions or No Cause or Action and No Right or Action and all exhibits attached thereto; 5. July 7, 2022, Minute Entry; 6. July 7, 2022, Transcript of hearing on movant’s Petition to Enforce; and 7. September 9, 2000[sic]. Judgment on Exceptions.
The Motion for Appeal and Designation of the Record was granted on
September 15, 2022. According to the court record, a judgment captioned “738-
534 Division ‘E’ Interdiction of Milton E. Cotaya, Jr., and Edna B. Cotaya” was
also signed and filed into the Nullification case record on September 15, 2022, and
mailed by the Clerk of Court to the parties the following day, which granted
Appellees’ exceptions of no cause of action and no right of action and denied their
motions for sanctions. Aside from the judgment’s caption and the date the
judgment was signed, the September 15, 2022 judgment issued in the Nullification
case is identical to the July 19, 2022 judgment issued in the Interdiction case.
ISSUES RAISED ON APPEAL
Vicki Tosh alleges that the district court committed manifest error by
sustaining the exceptions of no right of action and no cause of action. She
maintains that she had a valid right of action because she was a party to the consent
judgment she seeks to enforce. Further, Vicki Tosh claims the district court erred
when it sustained the exception of no cause of action because the allegations in the
3 Petition to Enforce the Consent Judgment “plainly allege that [Appellees] did not
obey the consent judgment.”
Appellees Lee Cotaya and Fasteners, Inc. contend that Vicki Tosh did not
timely move to appeal the July 19, 2022 judgment in the Interdiction case.
Specifically, they argue that 1) the Interdiction and Nullification cases were never
consolidated, and even if they had been, the delay in which to appeal the July 19,
2022 judgment would have been the same; 2) this Court does not have jurisdiction
to hear the appeal in the Interdiction case; 3) the July 19, 2022 judgment filed in
the Interdiction case is a final non-appealable judgment and has the preclusive
effects of res judicata on the September 15, 2022 judgment in the Nullification
case; 4) Vicki Tosh’s appeal of the identical judgment in the Nullification case is
moot and an impermissible collateral attack; and 5) this Court lacks the jurisdiction
to hear either of Vicki Tosh’s appeals.2
LAW AND DISCUSSION
Appellate Jurisdiction
Before addressing Vicki Tosh’s assigned errors, we first consider Lee
Cotaya and Fasteners, Inc.’s allegation that Vicki Tosh’s appeal of the July 19,
2022 judgment is not timely, and therefore, this Court does not have appellate
jurisdiction to review it. For the reasons discussed below, we find that the
Interdiction and Nullification cases were consolidated; administrative or clerical
errors were committed first, when the 2015 Consent Judgment was not filed in
both cases, and then, when the July 19, 2022 judgment sustaining Appellees’
exceptions was not captioned under the Consolidated case and filed in both the
Interdiction and Nullification case records. Further, absent any showing that these
errors are Appellant’s fault, the delays and confusion caused by the errors cannot
2 In their appellate brief, Appellees’ request that this Court award sanctions; however, the request was not properly asserted. Requests for sanctions are properly asserted in an Answer. See La. C.C.P. art. 2133; Lockett v. UV Ins. Risk Retention Group, Inc., 15-166 (La. App. 5 Cir. 11/19/15), 180 So.3d 557, 577.
4 be attributed to Vicki Tosh. Accordingly, the appeal will be maintained as appeals
are favored in the law. See Thibodeaux v. Pac. Mut. Life Ins. Co., 95 So.2d 183,
184-85 (La. App. 1st Cir. 1957).
La. C.C.P. art. 1561 provides for consolidation of two or more separate suits
involving common issues of law or fact in the same court. This is a procedural
device which allows a trial court to deal with similar issues of law or fact in one
trial; it does not merge the parties, affect the running of delays, or authorize
consolidation of judgments or appeals. Davis v. Am. Home Products Corp., 95-
1035 (La. 5/19/95), 654 So.2d 681.
The July 28, 2014 minute entry in the Nullification case reflects that the
former curator’s motion to consolidate the Nullification case, which was pending
in Division “H” of the 24th Judicial District Court with the Interdiction case, then
pending in Division “E” of the 24th Judicial District Court, was granted. However,
there is no corresponding judgment contained in the record. Thereafter, the former
curator filed a Motion to Rename the Motion to Consolidate Motion to Transfer,
which was granted on October 2, 2014. The district court’s record in the
Nullification case also reflects that following a July 28, 2014 hearing, a judgment
granting a motion to transfer the Nullification case from Division “H” to Division
“E” was signed on August 14, 2014.
The judgment -- captioned “Petition for Nullification of Donation (Milton E.
Cotaya, Jr. and Edna B. Cotaya to Lee M. Cotatya),” dismissing with prejudice
both the original and amended Petitions for Nullification of Donation (filed on
January 7, 2015) -- was signed on January 12, 2015, and filed into the Nullification
case’s record on January 20, 2015.
However, two minute entries dated January 14 and 15, 2015 (but also
entered into the record on January 20, 2015) in the Nullification case reflect that a
hearing was held on the Petition for Nullification of Donation on those dates.
5 Following two days of testimony, “[a] settlement was reached between all parties
and read into the record.” The corresponding January 15, 2015 minute entry in the
Interdiction case states that Lee Cotaya’s motions to enforce judgment, to find
Vicki Tosh in contempt of court, and for attorneys fees and costs, were continued
without date.3 On November 30, 2015, the consent judgment entered into on
January 15, 2015, which became the judgment of the court that same day, was
reduced to writing, captioned as the Consolidated case, and filed with the court in
the Interdiction case only.
The consent judgment states that “the parties agreed to a global settlement”
and states, “IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND AGREED that all
exceptions, motions, and claims presently pending in the above-entitled matters
[the Interdiction and Nullification cases] are hereby dismissed with prejudice, each
party to bear its own costs[.]” There are also other pleadings filed in both the
Interdiction and Nullification cases captioned as the Consolidated case.
Based on the preceding facts and law, we find that the parties, district court
judge, and clerks clearly intended and understood the consent judgment to settle
the ongoing litigation in both the Interdiction and Nullification cases. Further,
although La. C.C.P. art. 1561 does not authorize the consolidation of judgments,
“[t]he trial court may enter separate judgments in each consolidated case or one
judgment under a caption reflecting the consolidation of the cases.” (Emphasis
added). STETTER, ROGER A., ESQ., LOUISIANA PRACTICE SERIES: LOUISIANA CIVIL
APPELLATE PROCEDURE § 3:10 (Sept. 2022 update). See U.S. Fire Ins. Co. v.
Swann, 424 So.2d 240, 245 (La. 1982). The district court filed one consent
judgment in the Interdiction case in 2015, under a caption reflecting the
consolidation of the cases. We find the failure to file the November 30, 2015
3 A Petition for Approval and Authority for Sale and Transfer of Property (800 Dakin St. in Metairie, LA) was also continued without date on January 15, 2015.
6 judgment in the record of the Nullification case was an administrative or clerical
error, or oversight. Cf., Thibodeaux v. Pac. Mut. Life Ins. Co., 95 So.2d 183, 184-
85 (La. App. 1st Cir. 1957) (finding that where the court could not determine
whether counsel for appellant or clerk’s error led to minute entry that directed
notation of appeal to the wrong court, error would not be imputed to appellant, and
appeal would not be dismissed); Swann, supra at 245 (finding dismissal of the
appeal of one of three consolidated cases was not proper when 1) trial court issued
reasons for judgment disposing of issues from all three cases under single caption
and number of first-filed, lowest-numbered case; 2) some parties failed to follow
the court’s directive to prepare one judgment that disposed of all of the issues, in
conformity with the reasons for judgment in all three cases, but the court signed
those judgments (which only included the captions and numbers from two of the
three cases; and 3) the appellant, intending to appeal all three cases, captioned his
notice of appeal in the same manner as the trial court captioned its reasons for
judgment, and the clerk of court issued notification to all parties that appeal was
being taken in all three cases.); La. C.C.P. art. 2161. Because the appellant in this
case is not at fault, we will not impute the delay to Vicki Tosh. See Id.; Romero v.
Hogue, 77 So.2d 74, 77-78 (La. App. 1st Cir. 1954) (finding appellee had legal
remedies if he felt missing reasons for judgment should be filed into record and
were necessary to determine the merits of the appeal, trial court’s failure to issue
reasons for judgment were not appellant’s fault, and therefore appellee did not urge
grounds to dismiss appeal). Further, for reasons more fully explained below, we
find the fact that Vicki Tosh’s Petition to Enforce the Consent Judgment was filed
in the Nullification proceeding, as opposed to the Interdiction proceeding, is of no
consequence.
In sum, a review of the records from the Interdiction and Nullification
proceedings reveals:
7 1) The Interdiction and Nullification cases were consolidated at the district court level on July 28, 2014, according to a minute entry in the Nullification proceeding.
2) The November 30, 2015 consent judgment was a valid, final judgment that resolved the pending issues between the parties in both the Interdiction and Nullification proceedings.
3) The November 30, 2015 consent judgment filed under the Consolidated case caption was filed in the Interdiction proceeding, but not the Nullification proceeding.
4) Vicki Tosh filed a Petition to Enforce Consent Judgment in the Nullification proceeding on May 17, 2021.
5) Lee Cotaya and Fasteners, Inc. filed their Motion to Dismiss, Exception of No Cause of Action, No Right of Action, and Sanctions Pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 863 on July 7, 2021 in the Nullification proceeding.
6) The district court rendered judgment sustaining Lee Cotaya and Fasteners, Inc.’s exceptions on no right of action and no cause of action, according to a July 7, 2022 Nullification case minute entry.
7) Lee Cotaya and Fasteners, Inc. filed and entered a proposed written judgment on July 14, 2022 in the Interdiction proceedings.
8) On July 19, 2022, the district court filed one judgment in the Interdiction proceedings sustaining the exceptions of no cause and no right of action and denying the motion for sanctions. The district court issued a written judgment on July 19, 2022 in the Interdiction case and mailed the judgment the following day.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the Nullification and Interdiction
cases were consolidated, and it was error not to issue the July 19, 2022 judgment
under the Consolidated case caption. Otherwise, Appellees and the district court
erred when filing and issuing a judgment within the Interdiction case to resolve the
issues alleged in the Petition to Enforce Consent Judgment filed in the
Nullification case. The district court issued a judgment in the Nullification case on
September 15, 20224, a few days after Vicki Tosh filed a Motion to Appeal and
Designate the Record in the Nullification case. The motion to appeal was
4 The September 15, 2022 judgment filed in the Nullification case was captioned “Interdiction of Milton E. Cotaya, Jr. and Edna B. Cotaya” but the docket number of the Nullification case (738-534) was listed.
8 captioned as the Consolidated case. The September 15, 2022 judgment in the
Nullification case was identical to the July 19, 2022 judgment in the Interdiction
case, aside from the caption and judgment date.
Because we find that the Interdiction and Nullification proceedings were
consolidated, and Vicki Tosh filed her Motion to Appeal and Designate the Record
within the time delays allowed by law, triggered by the July 20, 2019 mailing of
the judgment issued in the Interdiction proceedings5, we find that Vicki Tosh has
timely appealed the judgment sustaining Appellees’ exceptions. Therefore, the
Court will exercise its appellate jurisdiction over the consolidated appeals6.
Assignments of Error
We now consider Vicki Tosh’s allegations that the district court committed
manifest error by sustaining the exceptions of no right of action and no cause of
action. She maintains that she had a valid right of action because she was a party to
the consent judgment she seeks to enforce. Further, Vicki Tosh claims the district
court erred when it sustained the exception of no cause of action because the
allegations in the Petition to Enforce the Consent Judgment “plainly allege that
[Appellees] did not obey the consent judgment.”
Exception of No Cause of Action
The exception of no cause of action serves to test the legal sufficiency of a petition by determining whether the law affords a remedy on the facts alleged. The pertinent inquiry is whether, in a light most favorable to the plaintiff and with every doubt resolved in plaintiff’s favor, the petition states any valid cause of action for relief.
5 La. C.C.P. art. 2087 provides that a devolutive appeal may only be taken within 60 days of either: 1) the expiration of the delay for applying for a new trial, if no application has been timely filed; or 2) the date of the mailing of the notice of the court’s refusal to grant a timely filed application for a new trial. Davis v. Caraway, 13-619 (La. App. 5 Cir. 2/12/14), 136 So.3d 81, 82; Falkins v. Jefferson Parish School Board, 97-26 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/9/97), 695 So.2d 1005, 1006. The appeal delays set forth in Article 2087 are not prescriptive periods that are subject to interruption; rather, these time limits are jurisdictional. Id.; Martin v. Freiberger, 02-188 (La. App. 5 Cir. 6/26/02), 822 So.2d 810, 811. Absent a timely filed motion for appeal, the appellate court lacks jurisdiction over the appeal. Caraway, supra. 6 Cases are docketed by the clerk of the appellate court under the same title used in the trial court. La. Unif. Ct. App. R. 2-5.1. Thus, if the trial court judgment was entered in consolidated cases, the appellate court’s judgment may also be so entered. However, care must nonetheless be taken to ensure that each consolidated case is properly appealed. STETTER, ROGER A., ESQ., LOUISIANA PRACTICE SERIES: LOUISIANA CIVIL APPELLATE PROCEDURE § 3:10 (Sept. 2022 update).
9 La. C.C.P. arts. 927, 931[.] The exception is triable on the face of the petition, with the trial court presuming that all well-pleaded facts in the petition are true. Contrary factual assertions are considered defenses which must be tried on the merits.
Olavarrieta v. Robeson, 22-158 (La. App. 5 Cir. 7/6/22), 345 So.3d 1103, 1106-07.
No evidence may be introduced to support or controvert the exception raising the
objection of no cause of action. La. C.C.P. art. 931; DiLeo v. Hansen, 09-974 (La.
App. 5 Cir. 6/29/10), 45 So.3d 1120, 1122-23, citing Ramey v. DeCaire 03-1299
(La.3/19/04), 869 So.2d 114, 118. In reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a
peremptory exception of no cause of action, the appellate court should conduct a
de novo review because the exception raises a question of law, and the trial court’s
decision is based only on the sufficiency of the petition. DiLeo v. Hansen, 45 So.3d
at 1122-23, citing Industrial Companies, Inc. v. Durbin, 02-0665 (La. 1/28/03),
837 So.2d 1207, 1213.
Upon de novo review of the November 30, 2015 consent judgment, for the
following reasons, we find that the district court erred when it found that Vicki
Tosh’s petition failed to state a valid cause of action.
A consent judgment is a bilateral contract in which parties adjust their
differences by mutual consent, thereby putting an end to a lawsuit with each party
balancing hope of gain against fear of loss. La. C.C. art. 3071; Peeler v. Dural, 06-
936 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/11/07), 958 So.2d 31, 35. A consent judgment has attributes
both of contracts and judicial decree. Peeler v. Dural, 06-936 (La. App. 5 Cir.
4/11/07), 958 So.2d 31, 35. This contract must be either reduced into writing or
recited in open court and capable of being transcribed from the record of the
proceeding. Matchmaker Int’l of New Orleans, Inc. v. Osborne, 94-920 (La. App. 5
Cir. 3/15/95), 653 So.2d 686, 689. The agreement recited in open court confers
upon each of them the right of judicially enforcing its performance, although its
substance may thereafter be written in a more convenient form. Id.
10 When parties voluntarily negotiate and sign a consent judgment, Louisiana
law recognizes that as the law between the parties, and the trial court’s
enforcement of a consent judgment must follow the intent of the parties based upon
the explicit words of the contract. Lawrence v. Ashton Plantation Home Owners
Ass’n, Inc., 22-122 (La. App. 5 Cir. 6/28/22), 344 So.3d 232, 240, writ denied, 22-
1157 (La. 11/1/22), 349 So.3d 5, reconsideration not considered, 22-1157 (La.
1/18/23), 353 So.3d 129.
In this case, the consent judgment contains no terms or language that limits
the life of the contract it created to the duration of the interdiction7, or the related
court cases. The consent judgment also does not restrict or place conditions on the
parties’ freedom to enforce the contract.
We observe that this contentious and litigious family dispute has continued
for many years after Mr. and Mrs. Cotaya’s deaths. But, all personal actions,
including actions to enforce contractual obligations, are generally subject to a
liberative prescription of ten years, unless otherwise provided. See La. C.C. art.
3499; DePhillips v. Hosp. Serv. Dist. No. 1 of Tangipahoa Par., 17-1423 (La. App.
1 Cir. 9/5/19), 285 So.3d 1122, 1126, writ granted, 19-1496 (La. 12/10/19), 285
So.3d 484, and aff’d, 19-1496 (La. 7/9/20), 340 So.3d 817. In considering whether
a valid cause of action was stated by the petition, we cannot consider the evidence
submitted by Appellees that they performed as agreed. The face of the Petition to
Enforce Consent Judgment timely states a valid cause of action – the petition
alleges that Lee Cotaya and Fasteners, Inc. did not perform their obligations per the
consent judgment.
7 From the record, it appears that Mr. Cotaya died on August 10, 2015 and Mrs. Cotaya died on November 18, 2016. The interdiction ended upon the death of Mrs. Cotaya in 2016. See La. C.C. art. 397.
11 Although Vicki’s Tosh’s petition has stated a valid cause of action that the
dismissal of the court cases, or termination of the interdiction, has not extinguished
the cause, for the following reasons, we find that she, in her individual capacity,
does not have a right of action in this instance.
Exception of No Right of Action
The burden of proof of establishing the exception of no right of action is on
the exceptor. City of New Orleans v. Board of Directors of Louisiana State
Museum, 98–1170 (La. 3/2/99), 739 So.2d 748, 755. The exception of no right of
action tests whether the plaintiff has a “real and actual interest” in the action, but it
does not raise questions of the plaintiff’s ability to prevail on the merits or whether
the defendant may have a valid defense. Succession of Sylvester, 16-372 (La. App.
5 Cir. 12/14/16), 215 So.3d 368, 371, writ denied, 17-265 (La. 4/13/17), 218 So.3d
119, and writ not considered, 17-265 (La. 5/26/17), 221 So.3d 858, citing
Lemmon Law Firm, LLC v. Sch. Bd. of St. Charles, 13–376 (La. App. 5 Cir.
12/12/13), 131 So.3d 231, 236. At the hearing on the exception of no right of
action, the exception may be submitted on the pleadings, or evidence may be
introduced either in support of or to controvert the objection raised when the
grounds thereof do not appear from the petition. La. C.C.P. art. 931. An appellate
court reviewing a lower court’s ruling on an exception of no right of action should
focus on whether the particular plaintiff has a right to bring the suit and is a
member of the class of persons that has a legal interest in the subject matter of the
litigation, assuming the petition states a valid cause of action for some person.
Sylvester, supra citing Eagle Pipe & Supply, Inc. v. Amerada Hess Corp., 10-2267
(La. 10/25/11), 79 So.3d 246, 256. The determination whether a plaintiff has a
right to bring an action raises a question of law, which requires de novo review. Id.
Per the terms of the consent judgment, in consideration for her brother Lee
Cotaya and Fasteners Inc.’s promises to pay her parents a monthly allowance,
12 Vicki Tosh would withdraw her complaint against Lee Cotaya’s wife with the
Louisiana Accounting Board. Per the terms of the consent judgment, Vicki Tosh
also agreed that all pending litigation in the consolidated cases 719-653 and 738-
534 would be dismissed with prejudice, with each party to bear their own costs.
She also agreed to the dismissal with prejudice of all other pending related
litigation – at least three other cases. Last, the consent judgment also gave three
court-appointed curators “full and independent authority to enter into any and all
business transactions” on behalf of Mr. Cotaya (who was deceased by the time that
the consent judgment was reduced to writing) and Mrs. Cotaya, that they agreed
were in the interdicts’ best interest.
Vicki Tosh was a party to the consent judgment, but her parents were also
parties to the consent judgment, through their curators. The consent judgment,
along with the district court record and pleadings by Vicki Tosh and other siblings,
shows that Lee Cotaya and Fasteners’ Inc.’s obligations to make monthly
payments to Mr. And Mrs. Cotaya arose out of some of the siblings’ desire to
ensure that all of the siblings shared in the benefits derived from the success of the
family business. The consent judgment refers to the amount Lee Cotaya was to
pay monthly to his parents as “deferred compensation” for the stock transfer the
parents made to Lee Cotaya in 2012. The payment from Fasteners, Inc. was to be
made to Mr. and Mrs. Cotaya “pursuant to the lease agreement” presumably for
the building that housed the business. Mr. and Mrs. Cotaya’s successions opened
upon their deaths in 2015 and 2016, respectively. A succession representative is
the proper party to assert a right of the succession while the succession is under
administration. Branch v. Young, 13-686 (La. App. 5 Cir. 2/26/14), 136 So.3d 343,
350. According to Appellees’ pleadings and briefs, Vicki Tosh was the
administrator of her father’s succession and a special master was subsequently
appointed to her parents’ consolidated successions. Therefore, we find that Vicki
13 Tosh, in her individual capacity, does not have a right of action to enforce the
terms of the consent judgment that first inured to her parents’ benefit.
Res Judicata
“La. C.C.P. art. 1673 provides a dismissal with prejudice has the same effect
as a final judgment of dismissal after trial. Therefore, a true dismissal with
prejudice results in the application of the doctrine of res judicata. Pursuant to La.
R.S. 13:4231(2), a judgment of dismissal with prejudice extinguishes all causes of
action existing at the time of the final judgment arising from the same transaction
or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation and bars subsequent
litigation on those causes of action.” Bailey v. Exxon Mobil Corp., 15-313 (La.
App. 5 Cir. 12/23/15), 184 So.3d 200, 206-07 (Emphasis added, citation omitted).
No allegation has been made that the alleged cause of action regarding Lee Cotaya
and Fasteners, Inc.’s failure to perform their obligations pursuant to the consent
judgment existed at the time the Petition for Nullification was dismissed with
prejudice, or when the consent judgment was reduced to writing, or when the
interdiction of Lee Cotaya and Vicki Tosh’s parents terminated upon the parents’
deaths. Thus, notwithstanding the procedural posture of the Interdiction and
Nullification cases, a party with standing could proceed with an action to enforce
the November 30, 2015 consent judgment that had not otherwise been prescribed.
Therefore, contrary to Appellees’ assertions, the dismissal of the original and
amended Nullification petitions in January of 2015 with prejudice did not
extinguish future causes of action regarding the consent judgment in the
Nullification proceeding. Also, the termination of the interdiction upon the death of
Mrs. Cotaya did not extinguish future causes of action regarding the consent
judgment in the Interdiction proceedings. Further, the July 19, 2022 judgment and
the September 15, 2022 judgment are, essentially, the same, and because Vicki
14 Tosh’s appeal of the July 19, 2022 judgment was timely, any effect, due to res
judicata, the earlier judgment had on the other is moot.
DECREE
Considering the Interdiction and Nullification proceedings were
consolidated, and Vicki Tosh filed her Motion to Appeal and Designate the Record
within the time delays allowed by law, we find the instant appeal is timely and,
therefore this court has jurisdiction to address this appeal. Further, the parts of the
March 6, 2023 judgments sustaining Appellees’ exceptions of no cause of action in
consolidated cases 719-653 and 738-534 and dismissing the Petition to Enforce
Consent Judgment are reversed. The parts of the March 6, 2023 judgments
sustaining Appellees’ exceptions of no right of action in consolidated cases 719-
653 and 738-534 and dismissing the Petition to Enforce Consent Judgment with
prejudice are affirmed.
AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART; CASE DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE
15 SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL
CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT
SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ FREDERICKA H. WICKER CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK JUDE G. GRAVOIS MARC E. JOHNSON ROBERT A. CHAISSON LINDA M. WISEMAN STEPHEN J. WINDHORST FIRST DEPUTY CLERK JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. CORNELIUS E. REGAN, PRO TEM FIFTH CIRCUIT MELISSA C. LEDET JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053) DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF POST OFFICE BOX 489 GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400
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