Inter-Southern Life Insurance Co. v. Omer

38 S.W.2d 931, 238 Ky. 790, 1931 Ky. LEXIS 315
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976)
DecidedMay 12, 1931
StatusPublished
Cited by22 cases

This text of 38 S.W.2d 931 (Inter-Southern Life Insurance Co. v. Omer) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976) primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Inter-Southern Life Insurance Co. v. Omer, 38 S.W.2d 931, 238 Ky. 790, 1931 Ky. LEXIS 315 (Ky. 1931).

Opinion

Opinion of the Court by

Stanley, Commissioner—

Affirming in part and Reversing in part.

On September 15, 1924, the appellant issued a policy of insurance for $1,000 on the life of James C. Omer in consideration of the payment of a semiannual premium of $15.84. This sum included $1.61 for a supplemental agreement to double the indemnity for accidental death and other benefits not involved in this case. Omer lost his life by accident on January 3, 1928, and his administrator has recovered a judgment for $2,000 on the contract. The policy contained the standard clause for its lapse or termination upon the nonpayment of premiums, subject to the nonforfeiture provisions. The case involves the effect of a note executed in lieu of payment of a premium and the question of liability under the extended insurance provisions of the policy.

The insured defaulted in the payment of the premiums due March 15, 1926, and September 15, 1926, but on December 23, 1926, he paid the former, and for the latter gave to the company what is denominated in insurance parlance a “blue note,” dated September 15, 1926, and maturing January 27, 1927. With the exception of dates, amount, and name the note is identical with that copied in the opinion of Morgan v. Inter-Southern Life Insurance Co., 221 Ky. 582, 299 S. W. 186, 187, to which reference is made for its terms. The note was not paid at maturity, but about six weeks thereafter, on March 11th, the company accepted a payment of $5.19, and advised the insured that his note had been credited by that amount (35 cents interest), leaving a balance of $11 due on the note, “which has been extended to April 5, 1927, without otherwise altering the terms of the note.” No further payment was made.

*793 It will be observed that four semiannual premiums had been paid and $4.84 paid on the fifth one — credited on principal of the note. If the “blue note” is to be considered as the payment of his premium or the extended insurance allowed by the policy is to be computed from its maturity, it is conceded that Omer was insured at the time he met his death; but, if the extended insurance is to be counted from the date the premium for which it was given was payable, to wit, September 15, 1926, the “blue note” is eliminated from consideration, and he was not insured, unless upon a different theory, which is to be later considered.

The identical question was involved in the Morgan case, supra, and the court held that the extended insurance should be computed from the date of the maturity of the “blue note.” A reconsideration of the construction to be given such an instrument in the same respect is urged upon us in this case. A controlling provision in the note is as follows: “That, if this note is not paid on or before the date it becomes due, it shall thereupon automatically cease to be a claim against the maker, and the company shall retain said cash as part compensation for the privileges granted herein and for keeping said insurance in force to the due date of this note; and all rights under said policy shall be the same as if said cash had not been paid nor this agreement made.”

The reference to cash payment and the benefits obtained for its consideration are inapplicable, as there was no partial payment of the premium in cash, and the note was given for all of it. By the acceptance of the note, the lapsing of the policy was saved (which is a matter of materiality to an insurance company), and a promise to pay interest on the deferred premium secured. In consideration therefor the Ml liability under the contract was continued; whereas, if the note had not been accepted, there would have been a limited liability only.

The payment of the note was optional with the maker, and imposed no personal obligation on him. Atlantic Life Insurance Co. v. Bender, 146 Va. 312, 131 S. E. 806, 808. According to its terms, the note cannot be regarded as the payment of the premium or as an evidence of a subsisting obligation or as an acknowledgment on the part of the company that it regarded the insured as indebted to it.

The company could not have enforced its payment. It was simply a collateral agreement that the company would accept payment of the defaulted premium at a *794 later date if the insured should choose to pay it with interest, and that the insurance would be continued in force in the meantime. There was no waiver of the right to subsequently declare a forfeiture — to speak more accurately, a lapse — but only an agreement by the company to disregard the breach which had already occurred and to postpone the exercise of the right to treat the policy as having lapsed. Fidelity Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Price, 117 Ky. 25, 77 S. W. 384, 25 Ky. Law Rep. 1148. The parties to the contract simply agreed that the execution of the note should breathe new life for the time being in the partially extinct and gradually expiring policy.

The purpose of the execution of the note was not to fix a new date for the start of the period of extended insurance. It but evidenced an accomm.odation or indulgence to the assured — a period of grace not contained in the policy — and was not intended to be in itself a payment or satisfaction. If the premium should not be paid, the legal effect was to restore conditions, or the relations between the parties, to the same status as if the instrument had not been executed, and to bring into effect the terms of the policy as to its lapse on default in payment of premium on the date due. Dreeben v. Mutual Life Insurance Co. (C. C. A.) 29 F. (2d) 963; Sims v. Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Co., 18 Ga. App. 347, 89 S. E. 445; Underwood v. Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Co., 177 N. C. 327, 98 S. E. 832; Sexton v. Insurance Co., 157 N. C. 142, 72 S. E. 863. These terms are that the policy should lapse and become null and void on nonpayment of the premium on the designated dates or within the period of grace allowed for such payment, “except as provided in the sections entitled ‘Option on Surrender or Lapse’ and ‘Non-Forfeiture.’ ”

The instrument is radically different from one incurring absolute, or even conditional, liability on the maker, such as that considered in Inter-Southern Iife Ins. Co. v. Morrow, 227 Ky. 293, 12 S. W. (2d) 692. The many authorities dealing with a note of that character have no place in our considerations here.' This note, as an inspection of that record shows, is like the one treated by the parties and the court in the Morrow case as having no bearing because it was past due and had not been paid.

Substantially the same form of note seems to be used by insurance companies generally, and its validity and *795 their right to extend the privileges granted by its execution have been recognized and upheld by other courts as. not being violative of statutes against discrimination or the making of special inducements not specified in the policy. Diehl v. American Life Insurance Co., 204 Iowa, 706, 213 N. W. 753, 53 A. L. R. 1528. Compare Short’s Adm’x v. Reserve Loan Life Insurance Co., 175 Ky. 554, 194 S .W. 773. There was no legal impediment to the making of the agreement by the parties, as is declared in the analogous case of Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Price, supra.

The question we have before us was decided by the Appellate Court of California in Eddie v. New York Life Insurance Co., 75 Cal. App. 199, 242 P. 501, 502.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Home Insurance Company of New York v. Caudill
366 S.W.2d 167 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1963)
Bush v. Prudential Ins. Co. of America
52 F. Supp. 52 (E.D. Pennsylvania, 1943)
Butler v. New York Life Insurance
265 A.D. 289 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1942)
Ridsdale v. Kentucky Home Mut. Life Ins. Co.
144 S.W.2d 487 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1940)
Hay v. Connecticut Mut. L. Ins. Co.
138 S.W.2d 413 (Tennessee Supreme Court, 1940)
Cheek v. Commonwealth Life Ins. Co.
126 S.W.2d 1084 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1939)
Jackson v. United Benefit L. Ins. Co.
86 P.2d 1089 (Wyoming Supreme Court, 1939)
Allyn v. Penn Mut. Life Ins. Co. of Philadelphia
100 F.2d 869 (Ninth Circuit, 1938)
Kentucky Home Life Ins. Co. v. Marks
120 S.W.2d 207 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1938)
Davis v. Mutual Life Insurance
119 S.W.2d 488 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1938)
Smith v. Equitable Life Assurance Society
107 S.W.2d 191 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1937)
Henricks v. Metropolitan Life Insurance
61 P.2d 1162 (California Supreme Court, 1936)
Lamar v. Ætna Life Ins.
85 F.2d 141 (Tenth Circuit, 1936)
Life Casualty Ins. Co. of Tenn. v. Wheeler
96 S.W.2d 753 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1936)
Kentucky Home Life Ins. Co. v. Johnson
93 S.W.2d 863 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1936)
Yutz v. Commonwealth Life Ins. Co.
94 S.W.2d 326 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1936)
Rhymer v. Federal Life Ins.
13 F. Supp. 181 (E.D. Kentucky, 1936)
Commonwealth Life Insurance v. Haskins
83 S.W.2d 457 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1935)
Commonwealth Life Insurance v. Gault's Administrators
76 S.W.2d 618 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1934)
Valenti v. Prudential Ins. Co. of America
71 F.2d 229 (Eighth Circuit, 1934)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
38 S.W.2d 931, 238 Ky. 790, 1931 Ky. LEXIS 315, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/inter-southern-life-insurance-co-v-omer-kyctapphigh-1931.