[Cite as Insani v. Federici, 2011-Ohio-6322.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR GREENE COUNTY, OHIO
MARK INSANI :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 2010 CA 79
v. : T.C. NO. 40005
JAMES A. FEDERICI : (Civil appeal from Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division) Defendant-Appellant :
:
..........
OPINION
Rendered on the 9th day of December , 2011.
FRANK M. PAYSON, Atty. Reg. No. 0055165, 120 West Second Street, Suite 400, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
ROBERT K. HENDRIX, Atty. Reg. No. 0037351, 87 S. Progress Drive, Xenia, Ohio 45385 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
FROELICH, J.
{¶ 1} James A. Federici, also known as Alex Federici, appeals from a judgment
of the Greene County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which granted a 2
juvenile civil protection order against him to Mark, Diane, and Lindsay Insani.
{¶ 2} In 2010, Alex Federici and Lindsay Insani (who were both under the age of
eighteen) attended Beavercreek High School together and dated one another. Mark
and Diane Insani are Lindsay’s parents. In September 2010, Alex’s parents became
concerned because he was sneaking out of the house at night; they feared he might be
using drugs, and he was having trouble at school. Federici’s parents discussed these
concerns with Lindsay’s parents. Lindsay’s parents suspected that Alex was visiting
Lindsay at night, and they caught him climbing in Lindsay’s bedroom window on
September 18 at 3:00 a.m. Mark Insani confronted Alex, and an unpleasant encounter
ensued.
{¶ 3} Although the Insanis did not want to press charges against Alex, they did
call the police to document the incident. Both sets of parents encouraged Alex and
Lindsay to take a break from their relationship to work on “sorting things out.” In early
October, two more incidents occurred between Alex and Lindsay. In the first incident,
Alex insisted on talking with Lindsay at school, although a staff member apparently
attempted to prevent him from doing so; in the second incident, Alex called Lindsay’s
name from outside her home and left some papers on her windowsill. The Insanis
again called the police.
{¶ 4} On October 11, 2010, the Insanis filed a petition for a juvenile civil
protection order against Alex (Greene Co. C.P. No. 40005). A few days later, the
Federicis filed a petition for a juvenile protection order against Lindsay (Greene Co.
C.P. No. 40009), claiming that she had continued to contact Alex after she had filed her
petition for a protection order, which made it difficult for Alex to avoid contact with her. 3
{¶ 5} The court scheduled both petitions for a hearing on November 4, 2010.
Mark, Diane, and Lindsay Insani attended the hearing and were represented by
counsel. Alex’s parents, James and Karen Federici, also attended the hearing, but
neither they nor Alex were represented by counsel. Alex did not attend the hearing.
{¶ 6} Following the hearing, the trial court granted the Insanis’ petition for a
juvenile civil protection order. The order prohibited Alex from “committing acts of
abuse or threats of abuse” against Lindsay or her parents. Among other things, the
order also required Alex to stay away from the Insanis’ home and Lindsay’s driving
school, to avoid having any contact with them, to stay twenty feet away from Lindsay at
school, and to avoid the use or possession of alcohol or illegal drugs. The trial court
denied the Federicis’ request for a protection order.
{¶ 7} Alex raises two assignments of error on appeal.
{¶ 8} The first assignment of error states:
{¶ 9} “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND VIOLATED APPELLANT’S SIXTH
AMENDMENT RIGHT TO COUNSEL BY FAILING TO DETERMINE WHETHER
APPELLANT WAIVED HIS RIGHT TO COUNSEL.”
{¶ 10} Alex claims that his rights were violated because he was not represented
by counsel and because the trial court did not inquire as to his reasons for or
understanding of his waiver of his right to counsel.
{¶ 11} Generally, a child, the child’s parents or custodian, or any other person in
loco parentis of the child is entitled to representation by legal counsel at all stages of the
proceedings in the juvenile court; if, as an indigent person, a party is unable to employ
counsel, the party is entitled to have counsel provided for him. R.C. 2151.352. “If a 4
party appears without counsel, the court shall ascertain whether the party knows of the
party’s right to counsel and of the party’s right to be provided with counsel if the party is
an indigent person. *** Counsel must be provided for a child not represented by the
child’s parent, guardian, or custodian. If the interests of two or more such parties
conflict, separate counsel shall be provided for each of them.” (emphasis added).
R.C. 2151.352. Moreover, the right to due process applies in juvenile court
proceedings. In re Anderson (2001), 92 Ohio St.3d 63, 66, 2001-Ohio-131.1
{¶ 12} In order to determine whether a juvenile has validly waived his right to
counsel, courts must consider the totality of the circumstances. Id. at ¶108. Relevant
factors include the age, intelligence, and education of the juvenile; the juvenile’s
background and experience generally and in the court system specifically; the presence
or absence of the juvenile’s parent, guardian, or custodian; the language used by the
court in describing the juvenile’s rights; the juvenile’s conduct; the juvenile’s emotional
stability; and the complexity of the proceedings. Id. The degree to which the juvenile’s
parent is capable of assisting and willing to assist the juvenile in the waiver analysis is
also a factor. In re J.F., 178 Ohio App.3d 702, 2008-Ohio-4325, ¶91. When the
record does not show that a parent advised the juvenile prior to proceeding without
counsel, a waiver of counsel is invalid. Id.
{¶ 13} In this case, the trial court’s notice to James, Karen and Alex Federici of
1 The notion that a juvenile has a right to an attorney to defend against a petition for a juvenile civil protection order differs from how such a case would be treated for an adult; because the determination of whether to grant a protection order is civil and is “not the equivalent of finding that the person against whom the order is granted has committed a criminal offense,” an adult respondent is not entitled to representation. See Rieger v. Rieger, 165 Ohio App.3d 454, 2006-Ohio-482, ¶ 9; State ex rel. Jenkins v. Stern (1987), 33 Ohio St.3d 108, 110; R.C. 2903.214. 5
the hearing stated: “You are hereby notified that every party has a right to be
represented by an attorney. If you wish to have legal representation, you must arrange
to hire an attorney.” When Alex’s parents appeared at the hearing, they were
unrepresented by counsel, and Alex was not present. The court did not inquire, on
the record, as to the reason for Alex’s absence or his representation at the hearing by
only his parents.
{¶ 14} On appeal, Alex contends that the trial court violated his right to counsel
by not inquiring as to whether he had knowingly waived his right to counsel. We
disagree. Because Alex failed to appear at the hearing, the trial court was unable to
question him about his rights. Under these circumstances, the court was not required
to delay the proceedings to make such an inquiry. And questioning Alex’s parents with
respect to this issue would have been futile, because the court could not have
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[Cite as Insani v. Federici, 2011-Ohio-6322.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR GREENE COUNTY, OHIO
MARK INSANI :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 2010 CA 79
v. : T.C. NO. 40005
JAMES A. FEDERICI : (Civil appeal from Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division) Defendant-Appellant :
:
..........
OPINION
Rendered on the 9th day of December , 2011.
FRANK M. PAYSON, Atty. Reg. No. 0055165, 120 West Second Street, Suite 400, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
ROBERT K. HENDRIX, Atty. Reg. No. 0037351, 87 S. Progress Drive, Xenia, Ohio 45385 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
FROELICH, J.
{¶ 1} James A. Federici, also known as Alex Federici, appeals from a judgment
of the Greene County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which granted a 2
juvenile civil protection order against him to Mark, Diane, and Lindsay Insani.
{¶ 2} In 2010, Alex Federici and Lindsay Insani (who were both under the age of
eighteen) attended Beavercreek High School together and dated one another. Mark
and Diane Insani are Lindsay’s parents. In September 2010, Alex’s parents became
concerned because he was sneaking out of the house at night; they feared he might be
using drugs, and he was having trouble at school. Federici’s parents discussed these
concerns with Lindsay’s parents. Lindsay’s parents suspected that Alex was visiting
Lindsay at night, and they caught him climbing in Lindsay’s bedroom window on
September 18 at 3:00 a.m. Mark Insani confronted Alex, and an unpleasant encounter
ensued.
{¶ 3} Although the Insanis did not want to press charges against Alex, they did
call the police to document the incident. Both sets of parents encouraged Alex and
Lindsay to take a break from their relationship to work on “sorting things out.” In early
October, two more incidents occurred between Alex and Lindsay. In the first incident,
Alex insisted on talking with Lindsay at school, although a staff member apparently
attempted to prevent him from doing so; in the second incident, Alex called Lindsay’s
name from outside her home and left some papers on her windowsill. The Insanis
again called the police.
{¶ 4} On October 11, 2010, the Insanis filed a petition for a juvenile civil
protection order against Alex (Greene Co. C.P. No. 40005). A few days later, the
Federicis filed a petition for a juvenile protection order against Lindsay (Greene Co.
C.P. No. 40009), claiming that she had continued to contact Alex after she had filed her
petition for a protection order, which made it difficult for Alex to avoid contact with her. 3
{¶ 5} The court scheduled both petitions for a hearing on November 4, 2010.
Mark, Diane, and Lindsay Insani attended the hearing and were represented by
counsel. Alex’s parents, James and Karen Federici, also attended the hearing, but
neither they nor Alex were represented by counsel. Alex did not attend the hearing.
{¶ 6} Following the hearing, the trial court granted the Insanis’ petition for a
juvenile civil protection order. The order prohibited Alex from “committing acts of
abuse or threats of abuse” against Lindsay or her parents. Among other things, the
order also required Alex to stay away from the Insanis’ home and Lindsay’s driving
school, to avoid having any contact with them, to stay twenty feet away from Lindsay at
school, and to avoid the use or possession of alcohol or illegal drugs. The trial court
denied the Federicis’ request for a protection order.
{¶ 7} Alex raises two assignments of error on appeal.
{¶ 8} The first assignment of error states:
{¶ 9} “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND VIOLATED APPELLANT’S SIXTH
AMENDMENT RIGHT TO COUNSEL BY FAILING TO DETERMINE WHETHER
APPELLANT WAIVED HIS RIGHT TO COUNSEL.”
{¶ 10} Alex claims that his rights were violated because he was not represented
by counsel and because the trial court did not inquire as to his reasons for or
understanding of his waiver of his right to counsel.
{¶ 11} Generally, a child, the child’s parents or custodian, or any other person in
loco parentis of the child is entitled to representation by legal counsel at all stages of the
proceedings in the juvenile court; if, as an indigent person, a party is unable to employ
counsel, the party is entitled to have counsel provided for him. R.C. 2151.352. “If a 4
party appears without counsel, the court shall ascertain whether the party knows of the
party’s right to counsel and of the party’s right to be provided with counsel if the party is
an indigent person. *** Counsel must be provided for a child not represented by the
child’s parent, guardian, or custodian. If the interests of two or more such parties
conflict, separate counsel shall be provided for each of them.” (emphasis added).
R.C. 2151.352. Moreover, the right to due process applies in juvenile court
proceedings. In re Anderson (2001), 92 Ohio St.3d 63, 66, 2001-Ohio-131.1
{¶ 12} In order to determine whether a juvenile has validly waived his right to
counsel, courts must consider the totality of the circumstances. Id. at ¶108. Relevant
factors include the age, intelligence, and education of the juvenile; the juvenile’s
background and experience generally and in the court system specifically; the presence
or absence of the juvenile’s parent, guardian, or custodian; the language used by the
court in describing the juvenile’s rights; the juvenile’s conduct; the juvenile’s emotional
stability; and the complexity of the proceedings. Id. The degree to which the juvenile’s
parent is capable of assisting and willing to assist the juvenile in the waiver analysis is
also a factor. In re J.F., 178 Ohio App.3d 702, 2008-Ohio-4325, ¶91. When the
record does not show that a parent advised the juvenile prior to proceeding without
counsel, a waiver of counsel is invalid. Id.
{¶ 13} In this case, the trial court’s notice to James, Karen and Alex Federici of
1 The notion that a juvenile has a right to an attorney to defend against a petition for a juvenile civil protection order differs from how such a case would be treated for an adult; because the determination of whether to grant a protection order is civil and is “not the equivalent of finding that the person against whom the order is granted has committed a criminal offense,” an adult respondent is not entitled to representation. See Rieger v. Rieger, 165 Ohio App.3d 454, 2006-Ohio-482, ¶ 9; State ex rel. Jenkins v. Stern (1987), 33 Ohio St.3d 108, 110; R.C. 2903.214. 5
the hearing stated: “You are hereby notified that every party has a right to be
represented by an attorney. If you wish to have legal representation, you must arrange
to hire an attorney.” When Alex’s parents appeared at the hearing, they were
unrepresented by counsel, and Alex was not present. The court did not inquire, on
the record, as to the reason for Alex’s absence or his representation at the hearing by
only his parents.
{¶ 14} On appeal, Alex contends that the trial court violated his right to counsel
by not inquiring as to whether he had knowingly waived his right to counsel. We
disagree. Because Alex failed to appear at the hearing, the trial court was unable to
question him about his rights. Under these circumstances, the court was not required
to delay the proceedings to make such an inquiry. And questioning Alex’s parents with
respect to this issue would have been futile, because the court could not have
reasonably relied on their representations as to Alex’s understanding of or desire to
waive his rights. See In re C.H. 162 Ohio App.3d 602, 2005-Ohio-4183, ¶10 (“To
ascertain whether a waiver may be inferred, the court must take into account the total
circumstances of the individual case, including the background, experience and
conduct” of the party who asserts a right to counsel in juvenile proceedings.).
{¶ 15} Alex also argues that his right to counsel was violated by his parents’
representation of him at the hearing. He asserts that his parents could not have acted
as the counsel to which he was entitled, because doing so would have amounted to the
unauthorized practice of law. However, our review of the hearing transcript makes
clear that Alex’s parents did not act or attempt to act as legal counsel for Alex. They
were named on the petition themselves, and their involvement was aimed primarily at 6
bolstering their own petition for a juvenile protection order. (They testified that Lindsay
continued to contact Alex, making it difficult for him to avoid contact with her.)
Moreover, the record does not contain any suggestion that the trial court viewed the
parents’ role as one of counsel for Alex.
{¶ 16} Alex cannot complain of the absence of counsel when he failed to appear
before the juvenile court.
{¶ 17} The first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 18} The second assignment of error states:
{¶ 19} “THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION TO GRANT A PROTECTION ORDER
BELOW WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
{¶ 20} Alex contends that the Insanis “offered no competent, credible evidence”
that they were fearful of him.
{¶ 21} To obtain a juvenile civil protection order under R.C. 2151.34(C)(2), the
petitioner must allege in the petition that the respondent engaged in a violation of one of
the offenses listed in the statute, must provide a description of the nature and extent of
the violation, and must request relief under this section. Menacing is one of the listed
offenses and the one upon which the Insanis relied. Menacing is defined as “knowingly
caus[ing] another to believe that the offender will cause physical harm to the person or
property of the other person, the other person’s unborn, or a member of the other
person’s immediate family.” R.C. 2903.22(A).
{¶ 22} The petitioner’s burden of proof in obtaining a juvenile civil protection
order and the standard for reviewing such orders come from analogous case law
addressing adult civil protection orders. In re E.P., Cuyahoga App. No. 96602, 7
2011-Ohio-5829, ¶14. With respect to domestic violence civil protection orders, the
Ohio Supreme Court has held that “the trial court must find the petitioner has shown by
a preponderance of the evidence that petitioner or petitioner’s family or household
members are in danger of domestic violence. R.C. 3113.31(D).” Felton v. Felton, 79
Ohio St.3d 34, 1997-Ohio-302, paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 23} Like the statute in Felton, R.C. 2151.34 simply requires proof by a
preponderance of the evidence that, if the juvenile civil protection order is not granted,
the petitioner is in danger of one of the enumerated offenses in R.C. 2151.34(C)(2). In
re E.P. at ¶16.
{¶ 24} “When assessing whether a protection order should have been issued, ***
‘the resolution of that question depends on whether the petitioner has shown by a
preponderance of the evidence that the petitioner *** was entitled to relief.’
Abuhamda-Sliman v. Sliman, 161 Ohio App.3d 541, 2005-Ohio-2836, ***, ¶9, citing
Felton at paragraph two of the syllabus. Accordingly, whether the protection order
should have been issued at all (i.e., whether the petitioner met his or her burden by a
preponderance of the evidence) is essentially a manifest weight of the evidence review.
Rauser v. Ghaster, [Cuyahoga App.] No. 92699, 2009-Ohio-5698, ¶12, citing Caban v.
Ransome, [Mahoning App.] No. 08MA36, 2009-Ohio-1034, ¶7. Judgments supported
by competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements of the claim will not
be reversed on appeal as being against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Bryan-Wollman v. Domonko, 115 Ohio St.3d 291, 2007-Ohio-4918, *** ¶3. See, also,
Young v. Young, [Greene App.] No.2005-CA-19, 2006-Ohio-978, ¶22 ***.” Id. at
¶17-18. 8
{¶ 25} At the hearing, Mark Insani testified that, when he confronted Alex after
Alex had climbed into Lindsay’s window, he asked Alex to sit so they could talk, and
Alex refused. Mark Insani testified that Alex was “very threatening” and “very
belligerent.” Mark also testified that Alex was bigger and taller than Mark, and that
Alex’s hands were clenched into fists. According to Mark, Alex insisted that he could
see Lindsay any time he wanted, and Mark could not stop him. During this
confrontation, Alex was within “5 inches” of Mark’s face. Mark testified that he felt
threatened and fearful for his own safety, as well as that of his wife and daughter. He
also stated that they ”saw a side of Alex that [they] had never seen before,” which
partially motivated their call to the police. The Insanis called the police twice about
Alex’s behavior.
{¶ 26} Mark also testified that there had been an incident at school where Alex
had been very confrontational with Lindsay and had disregarded school authorities; he
did not recount the specifics of this incident. Mark stated that he was particularly
concerned by Alex’s defiance of all authorities, including his parents, the police, and
school officials.
{¶ 27} Beavercreek Police Officer Eric Grile testified that, after responding twice
to the Insanis’ house for complaints related to Alex, he talked with a Beavercreek High
School Resource Officer about Alex’s behavior at school. Grile confirmed that there
had been an incident at school in which Alex came into Lindsay’s classroom and
insisted on speaking with Lindsay. A staff member told him to leave, but he twice
refused to do so. Alex was disciplined at school for this incident. The school principal
also testified about this incident and stated that Lindsay reported being afraid to come 9
to school.
{¶ 28} Barbara Fryman, the director of Greene County Juvenile Court’s diversion
program,
{¶ 29} through which she worked with Lindsay and Alex, testified that Lindsay
reported feeling intimidated by Alex, but denied that he had physically abused her.
{¶ 30} The Insanis presented evidence from which the trial court could have
concluded, by a preponderance of the evidence, that if a juvenile civil protection order
were not granted, the Insanis were in danger of physical harm. The trial court’s
conclusion was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
The second assignment of error is overruled.
The judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
DONOVAN, J. and HALL, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Frank M. Payson Robert K. Hendrix Hon. Robert W. Hutcheson