Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any May 22 2014, 10:46 am court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
PATRICK A. DUFF GREGORY F. ZOELLER Evansville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
DAVID E. COREY ROBERT J. HINKE Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
IN THE MATTER OF THE TERMINATION ) OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP OF: ) ) J.S. (Minor Child), ) ) AND ) ) T.S. (Father), ) ) Appellant-Respondent, ) ) vs. ) No. 82A01-1309-JT-405 ) THE INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF ) CHILD SERVICES, ) ) Appellee-Petitioner. )
APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Brett J. Niemeier, Judge The Honorable Renee Allen Ferguson, Magistrate Cause No. 82D01-1212-JT-121 May 22, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
RILEY, Judge
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Appellant-Respondent, T.S. (Father), appeals the trial court’s Order terminating
his parental rights to his minor child, J.S. (Child).
We affirm.
ISSUES
Father raises two issues on appeal, which we restate as follows:
(1) Whether the trial court erred in denying Father’s motion to stay the termination
proceedings; and
(2) Whether the Department of Child Services (DCS) presented sufficient
evidence to support the termination of Father’s parental rights.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Father and E.H. (Mother)1 are the biological parents of the Child, who was born
on January 14, 2003. Father has eight additional children, and Mother has two others.2
Father has never had custody of the Child and has never complied with his obligation to
1 Mother voluntarily terminated her parental rights to the Child on December 18, 2012 and is not a party to this appeal. We will include facts pertaining to Mother as appropriate. 2 We will also include facts about the Child’s half-siblings where relevant, but this appeal solely concerns the Child. 2 pay $160 per month in child support. Father does not have custody of any of his nine
children, and although he has only five child support orders, his arrears exceed $150,000.
Father has had very little involvement in the Child’s life due, in significant part, to
his criminal proclivity. Six months prior to the Child’s birth, Father pled guilty to a Class
D felony charge for dealing in marijuana and received a suspended sentence; as such,
Father was on probation when the Child was born. Then, when the Child was four
months old, in May of 2003, Father was arrested and charged, again, with a Class D
felony for dealing in marijuana. He pled guilty and was incarcerated until August of
2004. When Mother was arrested in May of 2005, Father cared for the Child for two
weeks until his own arrest on May 27, 2005. On October 25, 2005, following a jury trial,
Father was convicted of dealing in methamphetamine and conspiracy to deal in
methamphetamine, both Class A felonies. Two months before the Child’s third birthday,
Father was sentenced to serve two, concurrent fifty-year terms in the Indiana Department
of Correction (DOC). His earliest possible release date is July 4, 2029. Throughout his
incarceration, Father has maintained minimal contact with the Child, consisting of
sporadic letters and a few phone calls. Father has not seen the Child since May 27, 2005.
At the time the Child was eight years old, he lived with Mother and his two half-
siblings in Evansville, Indiana. On October 7, 2011, the Evansville Vanderburgh School
Corporation reported to the Vanderburgh County DCS Office that the Child had been
absent from school eleven days and had been tardy fourteen times. School officials
stated that, on multiple occasions, Mother arrived at the school apparently under the
3 influence of drugs—she was jittery, had blood shot eyes, and pounded on the windows
and doors to summon her children. Because of the chronic tardiness and absenteeism,
school officials informed DCS that the Child was failing most of his class subjects and
would have to repeat the third grade. DCS also heard concerns that Mother did not have
any food in the house. DCS commenced an investigation, but Mother denied the DCS
case manager access to her home. When questioned, Mother admitted that she used
marijuana but denied that the Child had missed more than two days of school.
Despite DCS’s discussion with Mother, between October 10 and October 13,
2011, the Child missed two more days of school and was several hours tardy on another
day. With police assistance, DCS returned to Mother’s home with a court order for
Mother to submit to a urine drug screen. Mother tested positive for methamphetamine,
amphetamine, oxycodone, and THC. DCS spoke with the Child, who explained that the
truancy issue was the result of Mother frequently oversleeping. On October 13, 2011,
DCS removed all three children from Mother’s custody. DCS arranged for the Child’s
half-brother to live with his father in Louisiana, but the Child and his half-sister were
placed in foster care.
Following the Child’s removal, DCS discovered that Mother’s home was a very
“miserable” and “chaotic” environment for the Child, who witnessed Mother’s drug use,
her rape, and her suicide attempts. (Transcript p. 186). The Child required therapy and
special education for his learning disability, as well as his undiagnosed and untreated
emotional and behavioral issues. The Child, who did not know his ABCs, had low self-
4 esteem and struggled to control his anger. He was frequently disciplined for his outbursts
at school, which included “threats toward teachers, students and burning down [the]
building, name calling, cursing, refusing to do class work, disrupting other students and
threatening to harm himself.” (DCS Exh. 2).
On October 18, 2011, DCS filed a petition alleging the Child to be a Child in Need
of Services (CHINS). DCS served Father with notice and a summons on November 18,
2011, which apprised him of the CHINS petition and directed him to appear for an initial
hearing. On December 1, 2011, the trial court advised Father, who appeared at the
hearing by telephone, of his rights, and Father elected to proceed without the assistance
of counsel. Father also informed the court that he wished to participate via telephone in
all future hearings. The trial court instructed Father to take advantage of any parenting
programs available in the DOC.
On January 6, 2012, the trial court held a fact-finding hearing. Father was aware
of the hearing but did not appear. On February 21, 2012, the trial court adjudicated the
Child to be a CHINS. Initially, DCS established a permanency plan of reunification with
Mother but, due to Father’s lengthy sentence, did not consider his reunification with the
Child as a viable option. At a dispositional hearing on March 13, 2012, the trial court
ordered Mother to participate in DCS-designated services and granted her supervised
visitation with the Child.
On March 22, 2012, the trial court conducted a CHINS dispositional hearing for
Father. During the hearing, DCS explained to Father that the Child was in foster care and
5 that it was considering the Child’s maternal third cousin, L.R. (Cousin), as a possible
relative placement. Father indicated his approval of the placement and offered the names
of his parents, as well as his sister—i.e., the Child’s paternal aunt (Aunt), as alternative
placement options. Following the hearing, the trial court issued an order instructing
Father to notify DCS upon his release from incarceration and to inform DCS of any other
relatives to consider for the Child’s placement. The trial court also reiterated that Father
should enroll in any services offered by the DOC which might assist him in his ability to
adequately care for the Child upon release.
DCS attempted to place the Child with Father’s parents but dismissed this option
due to a failed background check. Upon Mother’s request, Cousin had contacted DCS to
have the Child placed in her home. Following background checks, a home inspection,
and Cousin’s completion of a foster parenting class, DCS filed a motion on June 7, 2012
to modify the Child’s placement from foster care to relative care. The trial court granted
the motion, and the Child was placed with Cousin the next day. The Child, whose half-
sister was also placed with Cousin, has remained in Cousin’s care ever since. Cousin is
pursuing adoption of the Child and his half-sister.
Mother never made any effort to comply with her DCS case plan, and she
eventually relocated to Carmi, Illinois. She frequently cancelled her visits, which had a
detrimental effect on the Child’s emotional well-being and contributed to his volatile
behavior. On September 25, 2012, pursuant to the recommendation of the Child’s
therapist, DCS terminated Mother’s visitation. On the other hand, Father, over the course
6 of eight years in the DOC, completed several parenting classes, attended substance abuse
meetings, enrolled in welding and carpentry programs, and participated in community
service activities.
On December 12, 2012, DCS filed a petition to terminate the parental rights of
both Mother and Father. On December 18, 2012, the trial court approved DCS’s request
to modify the Child’s permanency plan from reunification to adoption. Father was served
with notice, and on January 3, 2013, the trial court advised Father of the termination
petition and appointed counsel to represent him. On February 19, 2013, Father filed a
request with the trial court for the Child to be placed with Aunt.
On May 29 and June 5, 2013, the trial court conducted a hearing on Father’s
request to modify the Child’s placement. At the close of the evidence, the trial court
proceeded directly to the termination hearing. Prior to the introduction of any evidence,
however, Father filed a motion to stay the termination proceedings. In his motion, Father
explained that a hearing was scheduled for June 19, 2013 in his post-conviction relief
(PCR) case, during which he expected the court to decide whether the remainder of his
sentence could be served on probation. Father also alleged that procedural deficiencies in
the CHINS proceedings had violated his due process rights. In denying Father’s motion
to stay, the trial court found that the outcome of the PCR case was too speculative to
outweigh the Child’s need for permanency. The trial court also noted that any “perceived
slights [of Father’s] constitutional rights not being observed” in the CHINS case had no
bearing on the statutory criteria for terminating his parental rights. (Tr. p. 131).
7 At the conclusion of the termination hearing, the trial court took both the
placement and termination issues under advisement. On June 11, 2013, the trial court
denied Father’s request to place the Child with Aunt. On August 20, 2013, the trial court
issued its Order terminating Father’s parental rights. On September 3, 2013, Father,
acting pro se, filed a motion to reconsider, which the trial court denied the following day.
Father now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
I. Stay of Termination Proceedings
Father claims that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion to
stay the termination proceedings. Because Father and DCS both treat Father’s motion to
stay the termination proceedings as a request to continue the hearing, we will do the
same. Trial courts are vested with the sound discretion to decide whether to grant or
deny a motion for a continuance. F.M. v. N.B., 979 N.E.2d 1036, 1039 (Ind. Ct. App.
2012). Accordingly, we review the trial court’s ruling under an abuse of discretion
standard. Id. It is an abuse of discretion if the trial court “reaches a conclusion which is
clearly against the logic and effect of the facts or the reasonable and probable deductions
which may be drawn therefrom.” Id. We will find the trial court has abused its
discretion in denying a motion to continue where “the moving party has shown good
cause for granting the motion.” Rowlett v. Vanderburgh Cnty. Office of Family &
Children, 841 N.E.2d 615, 619 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. However, there is no
8 abuse of discretion where “the moving party has not demonstrated that he or she was
prejudiced by the denial.” Id.
Father contends that, by virtue of his PCR petition, he will be released “very
shortly” from incarceration and will be capable of raising the Child himself. (Appellant’s
Br. p. 13). Furthermore, by leaving the Child in Cousin’s care pending the outcome of
his PCR case, Father avers that a continuation would not prejudice the Child’s need for
permanency. We disagree and conclude that Father has not shown good cause for
granting the motion.
Father argues that his case is analogous to Rowlett v. Vanderburgh County Office
of Family & Children, 841 N.E.2d at 615. In Rowlett, an incarcerated father, who was set
to be released from prison just six weeks after the scheduled hearing on the termination
of his parental rights, filed for a continuance. Id. at 618-19. Our court concluded that the
trial court abused its discretion in denying the father’s request to continue the hearing
because he was entitled to “a sufficient period following his release to demonstrate his
willingness and ability to assume parental duties.” Id.
We acknowledge that there are some factual similarities between Rowlett and the
instant case, including that Father has not had an opportunity to participate in DCS
services; that Father has completed several parenting classes and other beneficial
programs while in the DOC; and that the Child is currently placed with the individual
who plans to adopt him. Nevertheless, we find that Rowlett and the case at hand are
clearly distinct. In Rowlett, the father’s explicit release date was a mere six weeks away;
9 here, nothing in the record supports Father’s contention that he will be released from
prison sooner than his earliest possible release date in 2029. In fact, the only evidence
regarding the status of Father’s PCR case indicates that a pre-trial conference was
scheduled for June 19, 2013.
It is well-established that parents should be provided the opportunity to establish
their parental fitness, but children “cannot wait indefinitely for their parents to work
toward preservation or reunification.” In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, __ (Ind. 2014). If, under
Rowlett, the trial court was obligated to suspend the termination proceedings until after
Father was released and given time to demonstrate his parenting ability, the Child would
be nearly thirty years old. Thus, unlike in Rowlett, Father’s “ability to establish a stable
and appropriate life upon release can[not] be observed and determined within a relatively
quick period of time.” In re J.M., 908 N.E.2d 191, 196 (Ind. 2009).
Regardless of our finding no good cause for continuing the hearing, we would
nevertheless conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Father’s
motion for a continuance because Father has failed to demonstrate any prejudice.
Notwithstanding that the fact of Father’s present incarceration establishes that his release
was not imminent at the time of the termination hearing, the trial court did not issue its
Order terminating Father’s rights until August 20, 2013—two months after Father’s
10 ostensible release date. Therefore, we find it was well within the discretion of the trial
court to decline to further delay the Child’s attainment of permanency.3
II. Termination of Parental Rights
Father claims that the trial court erred in terminating his parental rights to his
Child. The parent-child relationship is valued in our society, and the Fourteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution protects a parent’s traditional right to
establish a home and raise children. K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 989 N.E.2d
1225, 1230 (Ind. 2013). Thus, courts endeavor to preserve the “fundamental liberty
interest[]” of parents to direct the upbringing of their children. Id. (quoting Troxel v.
Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65 (2000)). However, parental rights are not absolute and must
be subordinated to a child’s interest in “establishing secure, stable, long-term, continuous
relationships.” Id. Accordingly, when “parents are unable or unwilling to meet their
responsibilities by failing to provide for the child’s immediate and long-term needs[,]”
terminating the parental rights is an appropriate remedy. Id. While an extreme measure,
termination of parental rights is a device that is intended to protect a child, not punish the
parent. In re Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights of S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d 874, 880
(Ind. Ct. App. 2004).
3 Father also alleged in his motion to stay that he had been deprived of due process rights during the CHINS proceedings. On appeal, Father claims that he has been “at a disadvantage . . . from the onset of the . . . CHINS case” and that “obstacles . . . prevent[ed] him from being present at the [termination] hearing.” (Appellant’s Br. pp. 10, 13). Because Father only makes cursory comments without presenting a cogent argument, we agree with DCS that the due process issue is waived. See Tillotson v. Clay Cnty. Dep’t of Family & Children, 777 N.E.2d 741, 744-45 & 742 n.1; Ind. Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a). 11 In order to terminate a parent’s rights to his child, Indiana law requires, in relevant
part, that DCS establish by clear and convincing evidence
(B) that one (1) of the following is true: (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the home of the parents will not be remedied. (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the child. (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been adjudicated a child in need of services; (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.
Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)-(D); I.C. § 31-37-14-2. “Clear and convincing evidence
need not reveal that ‘the continued custody of the parent[] is wholly inadequate for the
child’s very survival.’ Rather, it is sufficient to show by clear and convincing evidence
that ‘the child’s emotional and physical development are threatened’ by the respondent
parent’s custody.” Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143,
148 (Ind. 2005) (citation omitted).
Here, Father contends that DCS failed to prove either a reasonable probability that
the conditions necessitating the Child’s removal will not be remedied or that the
continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the Child’s well-being, as
well as that termination is in the best interests of the Child.
A. Standard of Review
When reviewing a decision to terminate parental rights, we are mindful of the
“great deference” to be accorded to the trial court. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d at __.
Accordingly, we do not reweigh the evidence or assess the credibility of witnesses. 12 Bester, 839 N.E.2d at 147. We consider only the evidence, along with any reasonable
inferences drawn therefrom, most favorable to the trial court’s judgment. Id. Where, as
here, the trial court issues specific findings of fact and conclusions of law, we employ a
two-tiered standard of review. First, we must ascertain whether the evidence supports the
findings; second, we must decide whether the findings support the judgment. Id. We
will uphold the trial court’s judgment unless it is clearly erroneous. Id. “A judgment is
clearly erroneous if the findings do not support the trial court’s conclusions or the
conclusions do not support the judgment.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
B. Remedy of Conditions Resulting in Child’s Removal
Father first contends that the evidence does not support the trial court’s
determination that the conditions which resulted in the Child’s removal will not be
remedied. This two-step inquiry requires, first, identifying the conditions which led to
the Child’s removal and, second, deciding whether there is a reasonable probability that
those conditions will not be remedied. K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1231. In making its
determination, the trial court must “judge a parent’s fitness to care for his or her child at
the time of the termination hearing, taking into consideration evidence of changed
circumstances.” A.D.S. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 987 N.E.2d 1150, 1157 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2013), trans. denied. The trial court should “evaluate the parent’s habitual patterns
of conduct to determine the probability of future neglect or deprivation of the child.” In
re I.A., 903 N.E.2d 146, 154 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). To this end, “evidence of a parent’s
13 criminal history, drug and alcohol abuse, history of neglect, failure to provide support,
and lack of adequate housing and employment” may properly be considered. Id.
1. Reasons for Removal
Father first argues that he is not responsible for the conditions that warranted the
removal. He points out that the Child was removed “due to his [M]other’s repeated drug
use and [that] said removal continued because of her inability to stay sober for her
[C]hild’s sake.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 9). It is undisputed that Mother failed in her parental
obligations. However, in the CHINS petition, DCS also listed Father’s incarceration as a
basis for taking the Child into its custody, and the trial court likewise noted that Father
was incarcerated at the time of the Child’s removal. See In re D.W., 969 N.E.2d 89, 94
(Ind. Ct. App. 2012).
Due to his incarceration, Father was unable to protect the Child from being
exposed to Mother’s drug use and suicide attempts; he was not there to make sure the
Child was healthy, well-fed, and regularly attended school; and he was not there when
DCS had to place the Child in foster care. Furthermore, the record reveals that Father
was aware of Mother’s drug use and the conditions in her home before DCS’s
intervention. Yet, instead of notifying the authorities or seeking to have the Child placed
with his family, Father ignored the Child’s safety and well-being. Therefore, we find that
Father’s incarceration was a factor in both the Child’s removal and his continued
placement outside of the home.
2. Reasonable Probability of Conditions Being Remedied
14 Father next argues that the trial court’s findings are insufficient to establish a
reasonable probability that the conditions causing the Child’s removal will not be
remedied. In reaching its conclusion, the trial court specified that Father “has a pattern of
instability, not meeting his parental obligations, and is serving an extended criminal
sentence.” (Appellant’s App. p. 55). Citing Father’s criminal history, which includes
three felony convictions for drug dealing and a misdemeanor for resisting law
enforcement—all of which Father incurred in a three-year span—the trial court noted that
Father was incarcerated when the Child was removed from Mother’s home and remained
so at the time of the termination hearing. In addition, the trial court found that Father
“has not had stable housing or employment between his periods of incarceration” and has
never provided support for the Child. (Appellant’s App. p. 53). Moreover, Father “has
never solely parented [the Child]” or “exercise[d] the daily responsibility for [the Child’s]
care as his father.” (Appellant’s App. p. 53).
Father, in turn, asserts that he “is repeatedly punished for his prior acts, with little
to no consideration for his potential early release.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 11). Additionally,
Father argues that “as soon as [he] was made aware of the ongoing problem at home he
took control of the situation as much as he could while incarcerated and enrolled in
several programs that require lots of hard work. [He] immediately took measures to
make his life and the life of his [C]hild better.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 10).
We find the trial court’s findings to be sufficient to support its conclusion. Our
court has previously determined that incarceration throughout a child’s life evidences “an
15 historical inability to provide adequate housing, stability and supervision.” Castro v.
State Office of Family & Children, 842 N.E.2d 367, 374 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans.
denied. At the time of the termination hearing, Father had been incarcerated for all but
thirteen months of the Child’s ten-and-a-half-year life. Furthermore, as we have already
discussed, we find no evidence that Father will be released from incarceration prior to
July 4, 2029. Thus, for the foreseeable future, Father will remain unable to care for the
Child, and his imprisonment “alone cannot justify tolling” the Child’s need for
permanency. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d at __ (internal quotation marks omitted).
Finally, Father’s participation in various DOC programs is certainly
commendable, but the trial court clearly found that his efforts do not negate the fact that
Father has been unstable and unavailable for his Child. The trial court highlighted the
fact that Father “continued to commit serious crimes knowing that his [Child] needed him
as a father. It is truly a sad situation.” (Appellant’s App. p. 55). It is the prerogative of
the trial court “to weigh a parent’s prior history more heavily than efforts made only
shortly before termination[,]” and we decline Father’s request to reweigh the evidence.
In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d at __. Our court has previously found that “[i]ndividuals who
pursue criminal activity run the risk of being denied the opportunity to develop positive
and meaningful relationships with their children.” Castro, 842 N.E.2d at 374. Here,
Father made no effort to establish a relationship with the Child while incarcerated.
Father testified that he spoke with the Child on the phone one year before the termination
hearing and that he wrote the Child letters on occasion, but the bulk of Father’s letters
16 were sent within the four months preceding the termination hearing. Moreover, Father
expressed his desire for reunification only after DCS filed the termination petition, even
explaining that he only contested the termination because he wanted the Child placed
with his family rather than Mother’s. Accordingly, we find that clear and convincing
evidence supports the trial court’s determination of a reasonable probability that the
conditions causing the removal will not be remedied.4
C. Child’s Best Interests
Next, Father contends that the trial court’s findings are insufficient to establish
that termination of his rights is in the Child’s best interests. In determining a child’s best
interests, the trial court must look beyond the factors identified by DCS and consider the
totality of the evidence. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 798
N.E.2d 185, 203 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). A “trial court need not wait until a child is
irreversibly harmed before terminating the parent-child relationship.” Id. Our court has
previously determined that, in conjunction with evidence that the conditions resulting in
removal will not be remedied, the recommendation of the case manager and court-
appointed special advocate (CASA) to terminate the parental relationship is sufficient to
establish that termination is in the child’s best interests. In re J.S., 906 N.E.2d 226, 236
(Ind. Ct. App. 2009).
4 Because Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) requires proof of only one of the enumerated elements, we need not address Father’s argument that DCS failed to prove a reasonable probability that the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the Child’s well-being. 17 In the present case, the trial court concluded that termination would be in the
Child’s best interests because he now lives “in a loving [and] stable pre-adoptive home
with his half[-]sister.” (Appellant’s App. p. 55). Specifically, the trial court found that
the Child “needs stability and permanency. His present relative pre-adoptive home with
therapy is meeting these needs and will be able to do so in the future. He is bonded to his
[Cousin] and half[-]sister.” (Appellant’s App. p. 54). The trial court also found that
because of the “stable, consistent environment provided by the current relative placement
with the assistance of a psychiatrist, therapists, school counselors, teachers, mentors, and
others,” the Child’s “behaviors and grades have greatly improved. He attends school
regularly, has self-esteem, and is improving in school. He now appears to be a happy
increasingly well[-]adjusted child.” (Appellant’s App. p. 54).
Rather than developing an argument or citing authority, Father declares that there
is no “evidence that would indicate that the best interest[s] of [the Child] are served by
termination of the parental-child relationship” because, while incarcerated, he took
“every opportunity available to him to make himself a better parent, a better citizen in the
community, and most importantly a better person for the [Child].” (Appellant’s Br. pp.
11-12). We disagree and find that the evidence clearly supports the trial court’s decision.
During the termination hearing, the Child’s CASA testified that it would be in the
Child’s best interests if Father’s parental rights were terminated. Noting that the Child is
bonded to Cousin and that he is happy in her care, the CASA stated that Father has
not been available in this [C]hild’s life at all. Because of his absence the [C]hild has lived in this chaos, seeing these horrible things. He didn’t have 18 a role model to show him how things should be. He has very low self- esteem, although we see that changing as he progresses and he makes progress at school. He is proud of things. Sometimes he didn’t want to show me his report card. Now he wants to go get the report card and show me what he’s got, ‘cause he’s proud of that. I think the Father has been absent so much that his rights should be terminated.
(Tr. p. 188). The DCS case manager also testified that termination would serve the
Child’s best interests because the Child has waited a year and a half for stability and
consistency, “and it’s unknown if Father will get out [of prison].” (Tr. p. 200). The
Child’s school psychologist and two therapists agreed that the Child needs structure and
consistency to cope with his emotional issues. He needs to be with “people that know
him and love him and will encourage him[,]” and “the interaction . . . between [Cousin
and the Child] is very loving, very playful.” (Tr. pp. 178, 181). It is clear from the
evidence that Cousin makes the Child’s needs a priority: she enrolled him in a new
school to accommodate his special education needs; she provides a safe and nurturing
environment; she maintains a routine and consistent expectations of the Child’s behavior;
and she has fostered the Child’s relationships with his half-siblings and Father’s family.
Accordingly, we find that clear and convincing evidence establishes it is in the Child’s
best interests to terminate Father’s parental rights.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court neither abused its
discretion in denying Father’s request to continue the termination proceedings nor clearly
erred in terminating Father’s parental rights to the Child.
Affirmed. 19 ROBB, J. and BRADFORD, J. concur