NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4316-18T2
IN THE MATTER OF SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP BOARD OF EDUCATION,
Appellant/Cross-Respondent,
and
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP EDUCATION ASSOCIATION,
Respondent/Cross-Appellant.
Argued telephonically May 6, 2020 – Decided May 29, 2020
Before Judges Gilson and Rose.
On appeal from the New Jersey Public Employment Relations Commission, Docket No. CO-2018-269.
Robert A. Muccilli argued the cause for appellant/cross-respondent (Capehart & Scatchard, PA, attorneys; Robert A. Muccilli of counsel and on the briefs).
Sanford R. Oxfeld argued the cause for respondent/cross-appellant (Oxfeld Cohen, PC, attorneys; Samuel Benjamin Wenocur of counsel and on the briefs).
Frank C. Kanther, Deputy General Counsel, argued the cause for respondent New Jersey Public Employment Relations Commission (Christine R. Lucarelli, General Counsel, attorney; Frank C. Kanther on the statement in lieu of brief).
PER CURIAM
In this public employment matter, the Southampton Township Board of
Education appeals a final agency decision of the Public Employment Relations
Commission (PERC), finding the Board engaged in an unfair labor practice by
unilaterally changing the start of the faculty's 2018-19 school year. On appeal,
the Board argues PERC erred by interfering with its managerial prerogative to
establish the school calendar, and by relying on the previous year's school
calendar in reaching its decision rather than remanding the matter for an
evidentiary hearing. The Southampton Township Education Association cross -
appeals, seeking to strike dictum in PERC's decision, and claiming PERC
erroneously failed to enforce its order against the Board regarding the start of
the 2019-20 faculty school year. We affirm the Board's appeal and dismiss the
Association's cross-appeal.
A-4316-18T2 2 I.
The Association is the collective bargaining agent representing certain
faculty of the Board, a public employer within the meaning of the New Jersey
Employer-Employee Relations Act, N.J.S.A. 34:13A-1 to -39. The collective
bargaining agreement between the parties established the total faculty workdays
per year, including those days that are designated as "student contact days." The
agreement is silent as to when the school year begins and "when calendar days
of any type will be scheduled."
In March 2018, the Board adopted the 2018-19 school year calendar. The
calendar required faculty to report for two non-student days on August 29 and
30, 2018 – the Wednesday and Thursday immediately before Labor Day
weekend – with students first reporting for classes on Tuesday, September 4. In
doing so, the Board required the faculty work year to begin three business days
– including the Friday off day – before the start of the student school year. By
contrast, at the start of the previous school year, faculty reported for two non -
student workdays on September 5 and 6, 2017 – the Tuesday and Wednesday
after Labor Day weekend – with students reporting for classes on Thursday,
September 7. Unlike the 2018-19 calendar, the 2017-18 faculty work year
A-4316-18T2 3 commenced two business days immediately before students reported, and did
not start until September.
The Association objected to the Board's unilateral adoption of the 2018 -
19 faculty calendar, claiming the changes from the prior year and the resulting
impact were mandatorily negotiable under the Act. Following the parties' failed
attempts to resolve the matter, the Association filed an unfair labor practice
charge before PERC.
Acting on the parties' cross-motions for summary judgment, including
their "stipulations, exhibits, and certifications," PERC issued a written decision,
concluding the Board engaged in an unfair labor practice under N.J.S.A.
34:13A-5.4(a)(1)1 and (5)2 "by unilaterally changing the 2018-19 faculty work
year beyond what was necessary to coincide with the start of and preparation for
the student school year, and refusing to negotiate over the change." PERC
ordered the Board to "cease and desist" from "unilaterally changing the timing
1 N.J.S.A. 34:13A-5.4(a)(1) prohibits public employers from "[i]nterfering with, restraining or coercing employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed to them by th[e] act." 2 N.J.S.A. 34:13A-5.4(a)(5) prohibits public employers from "[r]efusing to negotiate in good faith with a majority representative of employees in an appropriate unit concerning terms and conditions of employment of employees in that unit, or refusing to process grievances presented by the majority representative." A-4316-18T2 4 of non-student faculty workdays in relation to the start of the student school
year" and to negotiate with the Association in good faith regarding "any
proposed changes to the non-student faculty work year."
In its written decision that accompanied its order, PERC thoroughly
considered the parties' arguments and the stipulated evidence. Citing well-
established case law, PERC initially recognized: "A school board has the
managerial prerogative to set the dates the schools are open and the dates for the
student school year." Accordingly, PERC noted "[t]he establishment of a school
calendar in terms of when school commences and terminates is a non-negotiable
managerial prerogative" of the Board. See Bd. of Educ. v. Woodstown-
Pilesgrove Reg'l Educ. Ass'n., 81 N.J. 582, 592 (1980); Burlington Cty. College
Faculty Ass'n v. Bd. of Trustees, 64 N.J. 10, 16 (1973); see also Piscataway
Twp. Educ. Ass'n v. Piscataway Twp. Bd. of Educ., 307 N.J. Super. 263, 270
(App. Div. 1998).
But PERC further observed New Jersey courts and the agency have
recognized "those non-teaching/non-student aspects of the faculty work year
that are mandatorily negotiable." See Woodstown-Pilesgrove Reg'l Educ.
Ass'n., 81 N.J. at 592; Piscataway Twp. Educ. Ass'n, 307 N.J. Super. at 270 n.2.
PERC then found "once the overall school calendar and the student days are
A-4316-18T2 5 established, negotiations over the timing and placement of non-student faculty
work[]days within that school calendar are mandatorily negotiable unless a
board can demonstrate that it would significantly interfere with educational
policy goals."
According to PERC, the Board failed to "articulate[] an educational policy
reason for adding an extra day to the faculty work year that – while not a duty
day – further truncated the faculty's summer breaks and required their
availability earlier than their usual two business days immediately preceding the
start of the student school year." Relevant to the Association's cross-appeal,
PERC observed in dictum that had the Board "simply shifted" the two non -
student faculty days to the Thursday and Friday before the Labor Day weekend
– with students starting the Tuesday after Labor Day – PERC likely would have
concluded the schedule change was within the Board's non-negotiable
managerial prerogative.
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4316-18T2
IN THE MATTER OF SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP BOARD OF EDUCATION,
Appellant/Cross-Respondent,
and
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP EDUCATION ASSOCIATION,
Respondent/Cross-Appellant.
Argued telephonically May 6, 2020 – Decided May 29, 2020
Before Judges Gilson and Rose.
On appeal from the New Jersey Public Employment Relations Commission, Docket No. CO-2018-269.
Robert A. Muccilli argued the cause for appellant/cross-respondent (Capehart & Scatchard, PA, attorneys; Robert A. Muccilli of counsel and on the briefs).
Sanford R. Oxfeld argued the cause for respondent/cross-appellant (Oxfeld Cohen, PC, attorneys; Samuel Benjamin Wenocur of counsel and on the briefs).
Frank C. Kanther, Deputy General Counsel, argued the cause for respondent New Jersey Public Employment Relations Commission (Christine R. Lucarelli, General Counsel, attorney; Frank C. Kanther on the statement in lieu of brief).
PER CURIAM
In this public employment matter, the Southampton Township Board of
Education appeals a final agency decision of the Public Employment Relations
Commission (PERC), finding the Board engaged in an unfair labor practice by
unilaterally changing the start of the faculty's 2018-19 school year. On appeal,
the Board argues PERC erred by interfering with its managerial prerogative to
establish the school calendar, and by relying on the previous year's school
calendar in reaching its decision rather than remanding the matter for an
evidentiary hearing. The Southampton Township Education Association cross -
appeals, seeking to strike dictum in PERC's decision, and claiming PERC
erroneously failed to enforce its order against the Board regarding the start of
the 2019-20 faculty school year. We affirm the Board's appeal and dismiss the
Association's cross-appeal.
A-4316-18T2 2 I.
The Association is the collective bargaining agent representing certain
faculty of the Board, a public employer within the meaning of the New Jersey
Employer-Employee Relations Act, N.J.S.A. 34:13A-1 to -39. The collective
bargaining agreement between the parties established the total faculty workdays
per year, including those days that are designated as "student contact days." The
agreement is silent as to when the school year begins and "when calendar days
of any type will be scheduled."
In March 2018, the Board adopted the 2018-19 school year calendar. The
calendar required faculty to report for two non-student days on August 29 and
30, 2018 – the Wednesday and Thursday immediately before Labor Day
weekend – with students first reporting for classes on Tuesday, September 4. In
doing so, the Board required the faculty work year to begin three business days
– including the Friday off day – before the start of the student school year. By
contrast, at the start of the previous school year, faculty reported for two non -
student workdays on September 5 and 6, 2017 – the Tuesday and Wednesday
after Labor Day weekend – with students reporting for classes on Thursday,
September 7. Unlike the 2018-19 calendar, the 2017-18 faculty work year
A-4316-18T2 3 commenced two business days immediately before students reported, and did
not start until September.
The Association objected to the Board's unilateral adoption of the 2018 -
19 faculty calendar, claiming the changes from the prior year and the resulting
impact were mandatorily negotiable under the Act. Following the parties' failed
attempts to resolve the matter, the Association filed an unfair labor practice
charge before PERC.
Acting on the parties' cross-motions for summary judgment, including
their "stipulations, exhibits, and certifications," PERC issued a written decision,
concluding the Board engaged in an unfair labor practice under N.J.S.A.
34:13A-5.4(a)(1)1 and (5)2 "by unilaterally changing the 2018-19 faculty work
year beyond what was necessary to coincide with the start of and preparation for
the student school year, and refusing to negotiate over the change." PERC
ordered the Board to "cease and desist" from "unilaterally changing the timing
1 N.J.S.A. 34:13A-5.4(a)(1) prohibits public employers from "[i]nterfering with, restraining or coercing employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed to them by th[e] act." 2 N.J.S.A. 34:13A-5.4(a)(5) prohibits public employers from "[r]efusing to negotiate in good faith with a majority representative of employees in an appropriate unit concerning terms and conditions of employment of employees in that unit, or refusing to process grievances presented by the majority representative." A-4316-18T2 4 of non-student faculty workdays in relation to the start of the student school
year" and to negotiate with the Association in good faith regarding "any
proposed changes to the non-student faculty work year."
In its written decision that accompanied its order, PERC thoroughly
considered the parties' arguments and the stipulated evidence. Citing well-
established case law, PERC initially recognized: "A school board has the
managerial prerogative to set the dates the schools are open and the dates for the
student school year." Accordingly, PERC noted "[t]he establishment of a school
calendar in terms of when school commences and terminates is a non-negotiable
managerial prerogative" of the Board. See Bd. of Educ. v. Woodstown-
Pilesgrove Reg'l Educ. Ass'n., 81 N.J. 582, 592 (1980); Burlington Cty. College
Faculty Ass'n v. Bd. of Trustees, 64 N.J. 10, 16 (1973); see also Piscataway
Twp. Educ. Ass'n v. Piscataway Twp. Bd. of Educ., 307 N.J. Super. 263, 270
(App. Div. 1998).
But PERC further observed New Jersey courts and the agency have
recognized "those non-teaching/non-student aspects of the faculty work year
that are mandatorily negotiable." See Woodstown-Pilesgrove Reg'l Educ.
Ass'n., 81 N.J. at 592; Piscataway Twp. Educ. Ass'n, 307 N.J. Super. at 270 n.2.
PERC then found "once the overall school calendar and the student days are
A-4316-18T2 5 established, negotiations over the timing and placement of non-student faculty
work[]days within that school calendar are mandatorily negotiable unless a
board can demonstrate that it would significantly interfere with educational
policy goals."
According to PERC, the Board failed to "articulate[] an educational policy
reason for adding an extra day to the faculty work year that – while not a duty
day – further truncated the faculty's summer breaks and required their
availability earlier than their usual two business days immediately preceding the
start of the student school year." Relevant to the Association's cross-appeal,
PERC observed in dictum that had the Board "simply shifted" the two non -
student faculty days to the Thursday and Friday before the Labor Day weekend
– with students starting the Tuesday after Labor Day – PERC likely would have
concluded the schedule change was within the Board's non-negotiable
managerial prerogative.
After PERC rendered its decision, the Board established the 2019-20
school calendar, which was similar to the 2017-18 calendar but began the school
year in August. When the Board refused to negotiate, the Association sought
enforcement of PERC's order. PERC denied the Association's motion, finding
the Board's 2019-20 calendar complied with its order, which was issued after
A-4316-18T2 6 consideration of the stipulated record before the agency. To the extent the
Association sought relief based on newly-submitted evidence, PERC declined
to consider the application, suggesting instead that the Association file another
unfair practice charge.
While the parties' appeals were pending, the Association filed a new unfair
practice charge with PERC, which the parties settled soon thereafter.
Accordingly, PERC approved withdrawal of the charge and closed the matter.
II.
A.
We begin our review of the Board's appeal, recognizing the Legislature
has expressly authorized PERC to determine whether a "matter in dispute is
within the scope of collective negotiations." N.J.S.A. 34:13A-5.4(d).
Accordingly, we defer to PERC's expertise in public sector employer-employee
relations. In re Hunterdon Cty. Bd. of Chosen Freeholders, 116 N.J. 322, 328
(1989). Indeed, "[t]he standard of review of a PERC decision concerning the
scope of negotiations is thoroughly settled. The administrative determination
will stand unless it is clearly demonstrated to be arbitrary or capricious." City
of Jersey City v. Jersey City Police Officers Benevolent Ass'n, 154 N.J. 555,
568 (1998) (internal quotation marks omitted).
A-4316-18T2 7 "Questions concerning whether subjects are mandatorily negotiable
should be made on a case-by-case basis." Troy v. Rutgers, 168 N.J. 354, 383
(2001) (citing City of Jersey City, 154 N.J. at 574). A three-part test applies to
scope of negotiations determinations. In re Local 195, IFPTE, 88 N.J. 393, 403
(1982). An issue is negotiable when: "(1) the item intimately and directly
affects the work and welfare of public employees; (2) the subject has not been
fully or partially preempted by statute or regulation; and (3) a negotiated
agreement would not significantly interfere with the determination of
governmental policy." Id. at 404-05.
Pursuant to our limited standard of review, City of Jersey City, 154 N.J.
at 567, we affirm substantially for the reasons expressed by PERC in its well-
reasoned written decision, which "is supported by sufficient credible evidence
on the record as a whole," R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(D). The undisputed record before
PERC clearly demonstrates the Board unilaterally commenced the 2018-19
faculty work year three business days before the start of the student school year,
adding a day to the faculty calendar when compared to the previous year. The
Board's action involved more than "simply shifting" the student and teacher start
dates in relation to the prior year. There was nothing arbitrary or capricious
A-4316-18T2 8 about PERC's decision that the Board's action was mandatorily negotiable.
Woodstown-Pilesgrove Reg'l Educ. Ass'n., 81 N.J. at 592.
To the extent not otherwise addressed, the Board's remaining arguments
lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion in this written opinion. R. 2:11-
3(e)(1)(E).
B.
We turn to the Association's cross-appeal, observing initially that its
challenge to the enforcement of PERC's order is moot. We consider an issue
"moot when our decision sought in a matter, when rendered, can have no
practical effect on the existing controversy." Redd v. Bowman, 223 N.J. 87, 104
(2015) (citation omitted); see also R. 2:8-2. As stated above, after the
Association filed a new unfair labor practice challenge, the parties resolved their
dispute and the Association withdrew its charge, thereby rendering the issue
moot.
As to the Association's challenge to a statement of PERC's decision – that
the Association readily acknowledges is dictum – we lack jurisdiction to
consider its argument. See Bandler v. Melillo, 443 N.J. Super. 203, 210-11
(App. Div. 2015). We have long recognized, "appeals are taken from judgments
A-4316-18T2 9 "[or orders]" and not from opinions, let alone dicta." See Glaser v. Downes, 126
N.J. Super. 10, 16 (App. Div. 1973).
Accordingly, we dismiss as moot the Association's argument that PERC
erroneously refused to enforce its order, and dismiss for lack of jurisdiction the
Association's challenge to dictum in PERC's decision.
Affirmed in part; dismissed in part.
A-4316-18T2 10