FILED AUGUST 29, 2019 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of, ) ) No. 36122-5-III LORI VAN DE GRAAF, ) ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) ROD D. VAN DE GRAAF, ) ) Appellant. )
KORSMO, J. — This is Van de Graaf III. See In re Marriage of Van de Graaf, no.
35133-5-III (Van de Graaf I), for details. This appeal from a CR 60 motion involves a
boundary description. We affirm, but remand for the trial court to correct the description.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
As stated in Van de Graaf II, the facts are known to the parties and will not be
recited here, although interested persons can find some of the information in our Van de
Graaf I opinion. After five years of litigation, the trial court entered a decree of
dissolution that is the primary topic of Van de Graaf I. No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
One piece of property awarded by the decree was the Ellensburg area grazing land
valued at $1.3 million. Appellant Rod Van de Graaf (Rod) owned the property in
partnership with his brother, Rick. The trial court awarded Rod’s one-half interest in the
property to respondent Lori Van de Graaf (Lori). This court upheld the award in Van de
Graaf I despite the trial court’s mischaracterization of the land as community rather than
separate property.
The two men had purchased the property on contract from their parents prior to the
marriage between Rod and Lori. This land, originally about 343 acres in size, was known
as tax parcel 835436. A neighbor subsequently proposed a trade of a seven acre parcel of
his land for a ten acre part of the brothers’ grazing land in order to allow both parties to
consolidate their properties on separate sides of an irrigation ditch. The deal was
consummated and boundary adjustments were entered. The land acquired by the brothers
in the trade is tax parcel 20588.
Trial testimony did not reveal that the Ellensburg property consisted of two
parcels, although the written appraisal of the property noted the existence of the two
parcels. The trial court directed that the “Ellensburg property” be given to Lori. The
decree awarded Lori parcel 835436. While Van de Graaf I was pending in this court,
Lori received a tax statement indicating that the property consisted of two tax parcels.
She filed a CR 60 motion to correct the decree to account for both parcels.
2 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
Rod objected, contending that the trial court lacked authority to amend the decree
because of the pending appeal and arguing that parcel 20588 was never before the court
in the dissolution trial and was not awarded to Lori. The trial judge, the Honorable
Michael McCarthy, characterized the problem as a scrivener’s error and ordered that an
amended decree be entered accounting for both parcels. Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 27. The
court also denied Rod’s motion for reconsideration. CP at 36.
The amended decree listed both parcel 835436 and 20588. However, the legal
description for parcel 20588 was erroneous. CP at 47. Rod timely appealed to this court.
In his reply brief, Rod argued that the description for parcel 20588 actually came from
parcel 20587, a parcel that Rod and Rick had transferred to their neighbor as part of the
trade. In response to a question from this court, Lori admitted that the description for
20588 in the amended decree was erroneous, but argued that it was not the description for
parcel 20587.
The panel that heard the first two appeals considered this appeal without hearing
argument on June 10, 2019.
ANALYSIS
Rod argues that the trial court (1) erroneously granted relief under CR 60(a), (2)
lacked authority to act without this court’s prior permission pursuant to RAP 7.2(e), and
(3) erred in considering Lori’s CR 60 motion in violation of CR 7. Lori requests that we
3 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
impose attorney fees against Rod for frivolous and vexatious litigation. We consider the
contentions in the order listed.
CR 60 Relief
Rod argues that the trial court committed substantive error by amending the decree
to include omitted property that had not been before the court. However, we agree with
the trial judge that the omission of the second (and much smaller) parcel from the decree
of dissolution was a scrivener’s error that simply failed to fully describe the Ellensburg
property previously awarded to Lori.
CR 60(a) authorizes a trial court to correct clerical mistakes in judgments or orders
at any time, either on the court’s own initiative or the motion of any party. In re
Marriage of Getz, 57 Wn. App. 602, 604, 789 P.2d 331 (1990). This court reviews a trial
court’s decision whether to vacate or amend a judgment or order under CR 60 for an
abuse of discretion. Shaw v. City of Des Moines, 109 Wn. App. 896, 900, 37 P.3d 1255
(2002). Discretion is abused when it is exercised on untenable grounds or untenable
reasons. State ex rel. Carroll v. Junker, 79 Wn.2d 12, 26, 482 P.2d 775 (1971).
In contrast, CR 60(b) allows a trial court acting on a timely motion to relieve a
party from a judgment or order based on a mistake, fraud, and other circumstances. The
essential difference in the two rules is whether the error was clerical (CR 60(a)) or
judicial (CR 60(b)). Marchel v. Bunger, 13 Wn. App. 81, 84, 533 P.2d 406 (1975). If the
4 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
erroneous judgment or order accurately reflects the court’s ruling, the error is judicial.
Id; Presidential Estates Apartment Assocs. v. Barrett, 129 Wn.2d 320, 326, 917 P.2d 100
(1996). If the ruling does not accurately reflect the ruling, the error is clerical. Id. CR
60(a) does not allow a judge to change his or her mind and reach a result contrary to the
original intent. Presidential Estates, 129 Wn.2d at 326; Getz, 57 Wn. App. at 604.
There must be some support in the record for determining the judge’s original
intent. Presidential Estates, 129 Wn.2d at 326-327; Getz, 57 Wn. App. at 604; Marchel,
13 Wn. App. at 84. Nonetheless, the trial judge may draw on his or her recollection of
the proceedings in determining the court’s intentions at the time it entered the original
judgment. Getz, 57 Wn. App. at 604-606.
The judge’s original intent is primarily a question of fact: what did the ruling
intend to accomplish? Here, that question is easily answered. Judge McCarthy noted that
his intent all along was to award the entirety of Rod’s share of the Kittitas County grazing
land to Lori. This intent also is objectively supported by the record. Throughout the trial
testimony, and in various writings, the property was consistently described as the
“Ellensburg property” by the judge and both parties. E.g., CP (No. 35133-5-III) at 703
(court’s letter decision awarding the property to Lori), 725 (Rod’s proposed findings of
fact), 769 (decree).
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
FILED AUGUST 29, 2019 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of, ) ) No. 36122-5-III LORI VAN DE GRAAF, ) ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) ROD D. VAN DE GRAAF, ) ) Appellant. )
KORSMO, J. — This is Van de Graaf III. See In re Marriage of Van de Graaf, no.
35133-5-III (Van de Graaf I), for details. This appeal from a CR 60 motion involves a
boundary description. We affirm, but remand for the trial court to correct the description.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
As stated in Van de Graaf II, the facts are known to the parties and will not be
recited here, although interested persons can find some of the information in our Van de
Graaf I opinion. After five years of litigation, the trial court entered a decree of
dissolution that is the primary topic of Van de Graaf I. No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
One piece of property awarded by the decree was the Ellensburg area grazing land
valued at $1.3 million. Appellant Rod Van de Graaf (Rod) owned the property in
partnership with his brother, Rick. The trial court awarded Rod’s one-half interest in the
property to respondent Lori Van de Graaf (Lori). This court upheld the award in Van de
Graaf I despite the trial court’s mischaracterization of the land as community rather than
separate property.
The two men had purchased the property on contract from their parents prior to the
marriage between Rod and Lori. This land, originally about 343 acres in size, was known
as tax parcel 835436. A neighbor subsequently proposed a trade of a seven acre parcel of
his land for a ten acre part of the brothers’ grazing land in order to allow both parties to
consolidate their properties on separate sides of an irrigation ditch. The deal was
consummated and boundary adjustments were entered. The land acquired by the brothers
in the trade is tax parcel 20588.
Trial testimony did not reveal that the Ellensburg property consisted of two
parcels, although the written appraisal of the property noted the existence of the two
parcels. The trial court directed that the “Ellensburg property” be given to Lori. The
decree awarded Lori parcel 835436. While Van de Graaf I was pending in this court,
Lori received a tax statement indicating that the property consisted of two tax parcels.
She filed a CR 60 motion to correct the decree to account for both parcels.
2 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
Rod objected, contending that the trial court lacked authority to amend the decree
because of the pending appeal and arguing that parcel 20588 was never before the court
in the dissolution trial and was not awarded to Lori. The trial judge, the Honorable
Michael McCarthy, characterized the problem as a scrivener’s error and ordered that an
amended decree be entered accounting for both parcels. Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 27. The
court also denied Rod’s motion for reconsideration. CP at 36.
The amended decree listed both parcel 835436 and 20588. However, the legal
description for parcel 20588 was erroneous. CP at 47. Rod timely appealed to this court.
In his reply brief, Rod argued that the description for parcel 20588 actually came from
parcel 20587, a parcel that Rod and Rick had transferred to their neighbor as part of the
trade. In response to a question from this court, Lori admitted that the description for
20588 in the amended decree was erroneous, but argued that it was not the description for
parcel 20587.
The panel that heard the first two appeals considered this appeal without hearing
argument on June 10, 2019.
ANALYSIS
Rod argues that the trial court (1) erroneously granted relief under CR 60(a), (2)
lacked authority to act without this court’s prior permission pursuant to RAP 7.2(e), and
(3) erred in considering Lori’s CR 60 motion in violation of CR 7. Lori requests that we
3 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
impose attorney fees against Rod for frivolous and vexatious litigation. We consider the
contentions in the order listed.
CR 60 Relief
Rod argues that the trial court committed substantive error by amending the decree
to include omitted property that had not been before the court. However, we agree with
the trial judge that the omission of the second (and much smaller) parcel from the decree
of dissolution was a scrivener’s error that simply failed to fully describe the Ellensburg
property previously awarded to Lori.
CR 60(a) authorizes a trial court to correct clerical mistakes in judgments or orders
at any time, either on the court’s own initiative or the motion of any party. In re
Marriage of Getz, 57 Wn. App. 602, 604, 789 P.2d 331 (1990). This court reviews a trial
court’s decision whether to vacate or amend a judgment or order under CR 60 for an
abuse of discretion. Shaw v. City of Des Moines, 109 Wn. App. 896, 900, 37 P.3d 1255
(2002). Discretion is abused when it is exercised on untenable grounds or untenable
reasons. State ex rel. Carroll v. Junker, 79 Wn.2d 12, 26, 482 P.2d 775 (1971).
In contrast, CR 60(b) allows a trial court acting on a timely motion to relieve a
party from a judgment or order based on a mistake, fraud, and other circumstances. The
essential difference in the two rules is whether the error was clerical (CR 60(a)) or
judicial (CR 60(b)). Marchel v. Bunger, 13 Wn. App. 81, 84, 533 P.2d 406 (1975). If the
4 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
erroneous judgment or order accurately reflects the court’s ruling, the error is judicial.
Id; Presidential Estates Apartment Assocs. v. Barrett, 129 Wn.2d 320, 326, 917 P.2d 100
(1996). If the ruling does not accurately reflect the ruling, the error is clerical. Id. CR
60(a) does not allow a judge to change his or her mind and reach a result contrary to the
original intent. Presidential Estates, 129 Wn.2d at 326; Getz, 57 Wn. App. at 604.
There must be some support in the record for determining the judge’s original
intent. Presidential Estates, 129 Wn.2d at 326-327; Getz, 57 Wn. App. at 604; Marchel,
13 Wn. App. at 84. Nonetheless, the trial judge may draw on his or her recollection of
the proceedings in determining the court’s intentions at the time it entered the original
judgment. Getz, 57 Wn. App. at 604-606.
The judge’s original intent is primarily a question of fact: what did the ruling
intend to accomplish? Here, that question is easily answered. Judge McCarthy noted that
his intent all along was to award the entirety of Rod’s share of the Kittitas County grazing
land to Lori. This intent also is objectively supported by the record. Throughout the trial
testimony, and in various writings, the property was consistently described as the
“Ellensburg property” by the judge and both parties. E.g., CP (No. 35133-5-III) at 703
(court’s letter decision awarding the property to Lori), 725 (Rod’s proposed findings of
fact), 769 (decree). This view is corroborated further by the fact that the property
appraisal from which the trial court drew its valuation correctly referenced both tax
parcels.
5 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
There simply was no indication in the trial record that there were multiple
properties in Kittitas County owned by Rod and Rick Van de Graaf. Thus, there is no
basis for concluding that the references to, and the court’s award of, the “Ellensburg
property” was intended to encompass less than the entirety of Rod’s interest in the
Kittitas County land he held in partnership with his brother. The fact that the decree of
dissolution failed to properly describe the entire property was not the result of a
conscious judicial decision to silently withhold some of that land for Rod’s benefit.
Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by amending the property
description in the dissolution decree to reflect its original award of the entire Ellensburg
property to Lori. The record supports the view that the parties had always considered all
of the grazing land to constitute the “Ellensburg property.” The trial court’s use of that
same phraseology has consistently demonstrated the intent to encompass all of the
partnership land. The correction of the inadequately described property in the original
decree was proper under CR 60(a). This was a scrivener’s error, pure and simple.
The order granting relief and amending the original decree is affirmed.
RAP 7.2(e)
Rod next argues that the trial court lacked authority to amend the dissolution
decree while that judgment was on appeal in Van de Graaf I. In light of our resolution of
the first issue, his argument fails.
6 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
RAP 7.2(e) provides that while a trial court has authority to consider and
determine postjudgment motions while a case is on appeal, the court may not enter an
order that “will change a decision then being reviewed by the appellate court” without
first obtaining the permission of the reviewing court. In accordance with the plain
language of the rule, the typical practice is to present a motion to the trial court and, if the
court indicates its intent to enter an order changing the decision, the proponent of the
change then obtains the appellate court’s permission to have the order entered. E.g., State
v. Duncan, 111 Wn.2d 859, 865-866, 765 P.2d 1300 (1989).
The correction of a clerical error by use of CR 60(a) normally will not change a
ruling under review by an appellate court. As just noted, a clerical error is not an
expression of the judge’s true intent. Thus, the correction of a clerical error does not alter
a trial judge’s ruling, but merely the expression of the ruling. Accordingly, use of CR
60(a) to correct a scrivener’s error will not necessarily require permission of the appellate
court under RAP 7.2(e). E.g., Marquis v. City of Spokane, 76 Wn. App. 853, 862, 888
P.2d 753 (1995), aff’d, 130 Wn.2d 97 (1996) ; Olsen Media v. Energy Sci. Inc., 32 Wn.
App. 579, 587-588, 648 P.2d 493 (1982) (entry of revised findings and conclusions does
not “change” a decision being reviewed so as to require approval of the Court of Appeals
pursuant to RAP 7.2(e) if the revision does not require additional evidence and does not
affect the judgment in a substantive manner).
7 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
The correction to the judgment and sentence did not change the judgment under
review, but merely attempted (unsuccessfully) to more accurately express the description
of the property awarded to Lori. At issue in Van de Graaf I was the characterization of
the Ellensburg property as community or separate property, and the trial court’s award of
that property to Lori. The attempted correction of the property description simply did not
change the judgment under review.
Under the facts of this case, Rod’s RAP 7.2(e) challenge is without merit.
CR 7
Rod also challenges the trial court’s failure to strike Lori’s original CR 60(b)
motion to correct the judgment, arguing that it was insufficient under CR 7. The trial
court’s conversion of the motion to a CR 60(a) proceeding moots this challenge.
As noted previously, CR 60(a) permits the court itself to initiate the correction of a
scrivener’s error. Here, the original CR 60(b) motion called the matter of the incomplete
description in the decree to the attention of the trial judge. Recognizing the scrivener’s
error in the original decree, the judge ordered a correction. The adequacy of the original
CR 60(b) motion is a moot point in light of the trial court’s action to correct the error
under CR 60(a).
8 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
Attorney Fees
Lori seeks her attorney fees on appeal, arguing that this appeal was frivolous and a
further example of Rod’s demonstrated intransigence. While we have great sympathy for
both arguments, we decline to exercise our discretion in her favor in this instance.
We previously have upheld the trial court’s intransigence finding in Van de Graaf
I and also awarded attorney fees to Lori on that basis in both that appeal and in Van de
Graaf II. Rod’s actions in fighting the correction of the decree and appealing that
decision despite the fact he would not realistically benefit from the challenge indicate the
frivolous nature of the appeal and further demonstrates the intransigent attitude that has
permeated this case for the better part of the past decade.
Nonetheless, mistakes were made and still need to be corrected. Despite the fact
that the correct legal description was used in the transfer deed and the fact that the two
parcels were identified in the appraisal report, both the decree and the amended decree
have the wrong property description. While it appears to have been by accident, Rod’s
appeal did at least bring the latter error to light. We remand to the trial court to correct
the property description in the amended decree.
Accordingly, we decline to award Lori her actual attorney fees related to this
appellate cause number.
9 No. 36122-5-III In re Marriage of Van de Graaf
CONCLUSION
We deem Lori the substantially prevailing party in this appeal. RAP 14.2. She is
entitled to her statutory costs and fees upon timely compliance with RAP 14.4. She is not
entitled to her actual attorney fees.
The judgment is affirmed, but the case is remanded for further correction of the
scrivener's error, discussed above, in the amended decree.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
WE CONCUR:
Siddoway, J.