FILED APRIL 20, 2021 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of, ) ) No. 37485-8-III LISA DANCI MCNEIL, ) ) Respondent, ) ) and ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) ROBERT DOUGLAS MCNEIL, ) ) Appellant. )
STAAB, J. — Robert McNeil was held in contempt for failing to provide Lisa
McNeil with bank statements from a college fund and failing to account for withdrawals
from these accounts as required by the parties’ divorce decree. After failing to purge the
contempt, the court entered judgment against Mr. McNeil in an amount equal to the
unaccounted for funds.
Mr. McNeil appeals, arguing that he supplied all of the documentation in his
possession. He also contends the sanction is punitive because all of the daughter’s
college expenses were ultimately paid by him personally or through distributions from
the 529 account.
We affirm the trial court’s ruling and remand to correct the judgment. No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
FACTS
Lisa and Robert McNeil’s marriage was dissolved in April 2018. One of the
assets of the marriage was a 529 college savings account held at T. Rowe Price Group,
Inc. Pursuant to an earlier settlement agreement, the parties stipulated that as of June 6,
2017, the account had a balance of $11,055. As part of the final divorce decree, Robert
McNeil was to supply Lisa McNeil with all statements from this account showing
expenditures and deposits no later than May 1, 2018. The 529 funds were to be used to
pay post-secondary expenses for one of their children, and neither party could make
withdrawals without the consent of the other.
Shortly after entry of the final dissolution decree, the parties arranged to roll the
529 account at T. Rowe Price into a similar account with Numerica Credit Union. On
April 30, 2018, Mr. McNeil deposited $6,538.11 into a 529 account with Numerica. Mr.
McNeil did not provide Ms. McNeil with statements from the T. Rowe Price account.
Over the course of a year, Mr. McNeil withdrew funds from the Numerica
account. He provided some documentation to Ms. McNeil, but the receipts did not add
up to the withdrawals. In August 2019, Mr. McNeil closed the Numerica account, and
the balance of $6.45 was mailed to Ms. McNeil.
In November 2019, Ms. McNeil filed a motion for contempt, arguing that Mr.
McNeil had failed to provide statements for the 529 account and failed to account for
funds withdrawn from the account. Mr. McNeil responded that he had provided all of the
2 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
statements from the 529 account. In support of his position, Mr. McNeil attached
statements from the Numerica account, but not the T. Rowe Price account, as well as
receipts and statements for college-related expenses.
At the hearing on the contempt motion, a commissioner found that Mr. McNeil
had not intentionally violated the divorce decree and had been paying for the daughter’s
college expenses from the 529 account.
Ms. McNeil moved for revision, arguing that she had only received statements for
the Numerica account, which had an opening balance of $6,538.11. Since the T. Rowe
Price account had $11,055.00 at the time of the divorce decree, Mr. McNeil had not
accounted for $4,516.89. Mr. McNeil responded, arguing in part that regardless of what
amount was rolled over, he had paid more than $11,055.00 in tuition and expenses from
the 529 account and his personal account. Lisa replied, arguing in part that the actual
tuition receipts only totaled $6,439.86.
Judge Shea Brown granted the revision request in February 2020, finding that
Robert had not followed the final divorce order because he failed to provide statements
and failed to document expenditures and withdrawals from the T. Rowe Price 529
account. The court reasoned that
[t]he nature of the materials provided by [Mr. McNeil] in response to the Motion for Contempt address whether monies were paid to Columbia Basin College . . . . However, such materials do not address the nature of the Petitioner’s request for contempt . . . . [S]uch materials do not enlighten
3 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
[Ms. McNeil] as to the source of the monies paid for [the daughter’s] education.
Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 157.
The court found Mr. McNeil in contempt and also found that he had the present
ability to comply with the divorce decree. The court gave Mr. McNeil 60 days to purge
the contempt by providing all statements from the T. Rowe Price 529 account showing all
expenditures and withdrawals. Mr. McNeil was also to provide a full accounting of the
expenditures from both the T. Rowe Price and Numerica accounts. “If the information
provided by the Respondent fails to properly account for the $11,055, as provided
hereinabove, the Petitioner may seek a judgment from the Respondent for any monies (of
the $11,055) not accounted for.” CP at 158.
Five months later, in July 2020, the court revisited the contempt order. Mr.
McNeil provided a one-page summary statement from the T. Rowe Price account,
showing that in 2017, he withdrew $10,000.00 from the account. The statement did not
provide any details about the withdrawal or withdrawals. The court found that Mr.
McNeil had failed to produce all the T. Rowe Price statements and failed to account for
all of the funds. The court entered a judgment in the amount of $5,060.14 and awarded
Ms. McNeil her attorney fees.
Mr. McNeil appeals.
4 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
ANALYSIS
1. DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN FINDING THAT MR. MCNEIL INTENTIONALLY DISOBEYED THE DIVORCE DEGREE?
A trial court’s decision to hold a litigant in contempt is reviewed for an abuse of
discretion. King v. Dep’t of Soc. and Health Servs., 110 Wn.2d 793, 798, 756 P.2d 1303
(1988). A trial court abuses its discretion if it misapplies the law or relies on unsupported
facts. Gildon v. Simon Prop. Grp., Inc., 158 Wn.2d 483, 494, 145 P.3d 1196 (2006). A
trial court’s findings of fact are upheld if they are supported by substantial evidence. In
re Marriage of Chandola, 180 Wn.2d 632, 642, 327 P.3d 644 (2014). Substantial
evidence is evidence sufficient to persuade a fair-minded person. Id.
In this case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding Mr. McNeil in
contempt. In June 2017, the parties had a 529 account at T. Rowe Price with a balance of
$11,055. In April 2018, Mr. McNeil was ordered to provide all statements from the 529
account to Ms. McNeil by May 1, 2018. At the time of this order, the only 529 account
in existence was the T. Rowe Price account. Mr. McNeil did not comply. Instead,
almost two years later, and after being held in contempt, he provided the court with a
one-page summary statement showing that sometime during 2017, he withdrew $10,000
from the T. Rowe Price 529 account. He did not provide documentation to show where
that money went.
5 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
Mr. McNeil argues that he has provided the statements and receipts in his
possession and cannot provide further documentation because it either does not exist or is
not available to him.
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FILED APRIL 20, 2021 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of, ) ) No. 37485-8-III LISA DANCI MCNEIL, ) ) Respondent, ) ) and ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) ROBERT DOUGLAS MCNEIL, ) ) Appellant. )
STAAB, J. — Robert McNeil was held in contempt for failing to provide Lisa
McNeil with bank statements from a college fund and failing to account for withdrawals
from these accounts as required by the parties’ divorce decree. After failing to purge the
contempt, the court entered judgment against Mr. McNeil in an amount equal to the
unaccounted for funds.
Mr. McNeil appeals, arguing that he supplied all of the documentation in his
possession. He also contends the sanction is punitive because all of the daughter’s
college expenses were ultimately paid by him personally or through distributions from
the 529 account.
We affirm the trial court’s ruling and remand to correct the judgment. No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
FACTS
Lisa and Robert McNeil’s marriage was dissolved in April 2018. One of the
assets of the marriage was a 529 college savings account held at T. Rowe Price Group,
Inc. Pursuant to an earlier settlement agreement, the parties stipulated that as of June 6,
2017, the account had a balance of $11,055. As part of the final divorce decree, Robert
McNeil was to supply Lisa McNeil with all statements from this account showing
expenditures and deposits no later than May 1, 2018. The 529 funds were to be used to
pay post-secondary expenses for one of their children, and neither party could make
withdrawals without the consent of the other.
Shortly after entry of the final dissolution decree, the parties arranged to roll the
529 account at T. Rowe Price into a similar account with Numerica Credit Union. On
April 30, 2018, Mr. McNeil deposited $6,538.11 into a 529 account with Numerica. Mr.
McNeil did not provide Ms. McNeil with statements from the T. Rowe Price account.
Over the course of a year, Mr. McNeil withdrew funds from the Numerica
account. He provided some documentation to Ms. McNeil, but the receipts did not add
up to the withdrawals. In August 2019, Mr. McNeil closed the Numerica account, and
the balance of $6.45 was mailed to Ms. McNeil.
In November 2019, Ms. McNeil filed a motion for contempt, arguing that Mr.
McNeil had failed to provide statements for the 529 account and failed to account for
funds withdrawn from the account. Mr. McNeil responded that he had provided all of the
2 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
statements from the 529 account. In support of his position, Mr. McNeil attached
statements from the Numerica account, but not the T. Rowe Price account, as well as
receipts and statements for college-related expenses.
At the hearing on the contempt motion, a commissioner found that Mr. McNeil
had not intentionally violated the divorce decree and had been paying for the daughter’s
college expenses from the 529 account.
Ms. McNeil moved for revision, arguing that she had only received statements for
the Numerica account, which had an opening balance of $6,538.11. Since the T. Rowe
Price account had $11,055.00 at the time of the divorce decree, Mr. McNeil had not
accounted for $4,516.89. Mr. McNeil responded, arguing in part that regardless of what
amount was rolled over, he had paid more than $11,055.00 in tuition and expenses from
the 529 account and his personal account. Lisa replied, arguing in part that the actual
tuition receipts only totaled $6,439.86.
Judge Shea Brown granted the revision request in February 2020, finding that
Robert had not followed the final divorce order because he failed to provide statements
and failed to document expenditures and withdrawals from the T. Rowe Price 529
account. The court reasoned that
[t]he nature of the materials provided by [Mr. McNeil] in response to the Motion for Contempt address whether monies were paid to Columbia Basin College . . . . However, such materials do not address the nature of the Petitioner’s request for contempt . . . . [S]uch materials do not enlighten
3 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
[Ms. McNeil] as to the source of the monies paid for [the daughter’s] education.
Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 157.
The court found Mr. McNeil in contempt and also found that he had the present
ability to comply with the divorce decree. The court gave Mr. McNeil 60 days to purge
the contempt by providing all statements from the T. Rowe Price 529 account showing all
expenditures and withdrawals. Mr. McNeil was also to provide a full accounting of the
expenditures from both the T. Rowe Price and Numerica accounts. “If the information
provided by the Respondent fails to properly account for the $11,055, as provided
hereinabove, the Petitioner may seek a judgment from the Respondent for any monies (of
the $11,055) not accounted for.” CP at 158.
Five months later, in July 2020, the court revisited the contempt order. Mr.
McNeil provided a one-page summary statement from the T. Rowe Price account,
showing that in 2017, he withdrew $10,000.00 from the account. The statement did not
provide any details about the withdrawal or withdrawals. The court found that Mr.
McNeil had failed to produce all the T. Rowe Price statements and failed to account for
all of the funds. The court entered a judgment in the amount of $5,060.14 and awarded
Ms. McNeil her attorney fees.
Mr. McNeil appeals.
4 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
ANALYSIS
1. DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN FINDING THAT MR. MCNEIL INTENTIONALLY DISOBEYED THE DIVORCE DEGREE?
A trial court’s decision to hold a litigant in contempt is reviewed for an abuse of
discretion. King v. Dep’t of Soc. and Health Servs., 110 Wn.2d 793, 798, 756 P.2d 1303
(1988). A trial court abuses its discretion if it misapplies the law or relies on unsupported
facts. Gildon v. Simon Prop. Grp., Inc., 158 Wn.2d 483, 494, 145 P.3d 1196 (2006). A
trial court’s findings of fact are upheld if they are supported by substantial evidence. In
re Marriage of Chandola, 180 Wn.2d 632, 642, 327 P.3d 644 (2014). Substantial
evidence is evidence sufficient to persuade a fair-minded person. Id.
In this case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding Mr. McNeil in
contempt. In June 2017, the parties had a 529 account at T. Rowe Price with a balance of
$11,055. In April 2018, Mr. McNeil was ordered to provide all statements from the 529
account to Ms. McNeil by May 1, 2018. At the time of this order, the only 529 account
in existence was the T. Rowe Price account. Mr. McNeil did not comply. Instead,
almost two years later, and after being held in contempt, he provided the court with a
one-page summary statement showing that sometime during 2017, he withdrew $10,000
from the T. Rowe Price 529 account. He did not provide documentation to show where
that money went.
5 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
Mr. McNeil argues that he has provided the statements and receipts in his
possession and cannot provide further documentation because it either does not exist or is
not available to him. The law presumes that Mr. McNeil can comply with the court’s
order. King, 110 Wn.2d at 804. Inability to comply is an affirmative defense to a
contempt order, and Mr. McNeil has the burden of production and the burden of
persuasion. Id.
Mr. McNeil fails to carry his burden. He fails to demonstrate that he did not have
access to bank statements for an account in his name. His late submission of a one-page
summary statement for 2017 belies his argument. But even this statement was wholly
inadequate as it did not provide details about withdrawals or deposits. There is no
evidence that the statement provided is the only one generated by T. Rowe Price for 529
accounts. Nor did Mr. McNeil explain why he could not provide receipts for expenses
that he claims to have paid.
Next, Mr. McNeil argues that the trial court’s contempt judgment was punitive,
not remedial because he paid all of his daughter’s college expenses from either his
personal account or the 529 account. He asserts that these college expenses totaled more
than the balance of the 529 account. Mr. McNeil reasons that since Ms. McNeil has
never paid for any college expenses, it is punitive to award her a judgment. We disagree.
6 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
The superior court may hold parties in contempt and issue remedial sanctions to
enforce their lawful orders. RCW 7.21.020, .030. A sanction for civil contempt must be
coercive and not punitive. In re Marriage of Didier, 134 Wn. App. 490, 501, 140 P.3d
607 (2006). The purpose of a civil contempt sanction is to coerce compliance with the
court’s earlier order. RCW 7.21.030.
Mr. McNeil was given 60 days to purge the contempt; thus, the sanction was
intended to coerce his compliance. If he failed to do so, a judgment would be entered for
the difference between the account balance and unexplained expenditures. At the
subsequent hearing, Ms. McNeil disputed Mr. McNeil’s figures and calculations and
provided the trial court with receipts showing the college costs that Mr. McNeil actually
paid. The trial court adopted Ms. McNeil’s figures and found that Mr. McNeil had failed
to account for $5,060.14 of the original $11,055.00 funds. There was evidence to support
the trial court’s findings. The judgment was remedial, intended to coerce Mr. McNeil to
comply with the divorce decree and put the parties back in the same position had he not
violated the order.
The only error we find is mathematical. On review of the contempt order, the trial
court started with a figure of $11,500.00 instead of $11,055.00. Consequently, the
court’s final judgment is not supported by the evidence and must be reduced by $445.00
to $4,610.14.
7 No. 37485-8-III In re Marriage of McNeil
Remanded.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
_________________________________ Staab, J.
WE CONCUR:
_________________________________ Lawrence-Berrey, J.
_________________________________ Pennell, C.J.