In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-20-00095-CV
IN THE MATTER OF THE MARRIAGE OF ANTHONY LYNN WILLIAMS AND THERESA GAYLE WILLIAMS
On Appeal from the County Court at Law Walker County, Texas Trial Court No. D2018093
Before Morriss, C.J., Stevens and van Cleef, JJ. Memorandum Opinion on Remand by Justice van Cleef MEMORANDUM OPINION ON REMAND
Anthony Lynn Williams filed a petition for divorce from Theresa Gayle Williams in the
County Court at Law of Walker County, Texas. After Theresa failed to answer or appear, the
trial court entered a default judgment that granted the divorce, established each party’s separate
property, and divided the community estate. In her sole point of error on appeal, Theresa argues
that the property division was not supported by the evidence. Because we agree, we reverse the
divorce decree with respect to the property division and remand the matter to the trial court for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
It is undisputed that Theresa was duly served with citation on August 18, 2020, but failed
to answer the lawsuit. As a result, the trial court entered a default judgment dividing the marital
estate after a brief hearing, which comprised three substantive pages of transcript. With respect
to the property division, the trial court only heard the following:
Q. We’ve looked through this final decree of divorce that we filed?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And in that we divided y’alls property?
Q. In fact, we’re going to give her some money in here?
Q. We think this division of property is fair and equitable?
2 Q. You’re asking for the Court to grant your divorce and approve everything that’s in here?
There was no other evidence supporting the trial court’s division of community property and
nothing showing the value of the property listed in the divorce decree proposed by Anthony. At
the conclusion of Anthony’s testimony, the trial court merely stated that it would “sign the final
decree as presented.”
After receiving a copy of the divorce decree, Theresa filed a motion for new trial
requesting “a fair division of the community property.” In her accompanying affidavit, Theresa
complained that all of the community assets, except for $10,000.00, had been awarded to
Anthony even though he had received the marital home. Theresa added that Anthony “would not
even give [Theresa her] clothes and personal effects.”
At the motion for new trial hearing, Theresa admitted that she had been served with
citation on August 18 but failed to file an answer because she believed she and Anthony could
agree on the disposition of community assets. According to Theresa, Anthony’s attorney had
assured her that he would advise her of any final hearing date but failed to do so, causing her to
miss the final hearing. Theresa also testified that the divorce decree failed to divide some
community assets, including the marital home, Anthony’s retirement account, cattle, “and some
money in the bank.” Even so, the trial court denied Theresa’s motion for a new trial.
Theresa appealed from the trial court’s divorce decree, and the case was transferred to
this Court from the Tenth Court of Appeals in Waco pursuant to the Texas Supreme Court’s
3 docket equalization program. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001. Under the commonly
known Craddock factors, a trial court must set a default judgment aside if
(1) “the failure of the defendant to answer before judgment was not intentional, or the result of conscious indifference on his part, but was due to a mistake or an accident”; (2) “the motion for a new trial sets up a meritorious defense”; and (3) granting the motion “will occasion no delay or otherwise work an injury to the plaintiff.”
Sutherland v. Spencer, 376 S.W.3d 752, 754 (Tex. 2012) (quoting Craddock v. Sunshine Bus
Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. [Comm’n Op.] 1939)).
In our prior opinion, we observed Theresa’s lack of complaint “that the trial court erred
by denying her motion for new trial because she established the Craddock elements.” In the
Matter of the Marriage of Williams, No. 06-20-00095-CV, 2021 WL 1521978, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Texarkana Apr. 19, 2021), rev’d, 646 S.W.3d 542 (Tex. 2022) (per curium). Because we
were “constrained to follow the transferor court’s . . . holding,” our previous opinion in this
cause applied the precedent of the Waco Court of Appeals, which held that compliance with
Craddock must be raised on appeal to preserve error of other claims, including whether the trial
court erred in its property division. Williams, 646 S.W.3d at 544 (reversing the Waco court’s
former precedent in In the Matter of the Marriage of Jackson, No. 10-17-00403-CV, 2018 WL
4925780, at *1 (Tex. App.—Waco Oct. 10, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.)). Overruling the Waco
court’s precedent, the Texas Supreme Court held that Theresa’s evidentiary legal complaint was
not forfeited by her failure to address the equitable Craddock factors. Williams, 646 S.W.3d at
544–45. Accordingly, the case was remanded to this Court to address the merits of Theresa’s
sufficiency complaint. Id. at 546.
4 II. Standard of Review
“We review a trial court’s division of property under an abuse of discretion standard.” In
the Matter of the Marriage of Blackheart, No. 10-20-00073-CV, 2021 WL 2827969, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Waco July 7, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Bradshaw v. Bradshaw, 555 S.W.3d 539,
543 (Tex. 2018)). “A trial court has wide discretion in dividing the community estate.” Smith v.
Smith, 143 S.W.3d 206, 213 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Schlueter v.
Schlueter, 975 S.W.2d 584, 589 (Tex. 1998)). However, the Texas Family Code requires the
trial court, in exercising its discretion, to “order a division of the estate of the parties in a manner
that the court deems just and right, having due regard for the rights of each party.” TEX. FAM.
CODE ANN. § 7.001. “A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts arbitrarily and
unreasonably, without reference to any guiding rules or legal principles.” Smith, 143 S.W.3d at
212 (citing K-Mart Corp. v. Honeycutt, 24 S.W.3d 357, 360 (Tex. 2000)).
“To determine whether a trial court abused its discretion because the evidence was
insufficient to support its decision, we consider: (1) whether the trial court had sufficient
evidence upon which to exercise its discretion; and (2) whether it erred in its application of that
discretion.” In the Matter of the Marriage of Durham, No. 10-19-00199-CV, 2021 WL 837348,
at *3 (Tex. App.—Waco Mar. 3, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.). “We conduct the sufficiency review
using the appropriate standards for legal and factual sufficiency when considering the first prong
of the test.” Id. “We then determine whether, based on the evidence presented at trial, the trial
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In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-20-00095-CV
IN THE MATTER OF THE MARRIAGE OF ANTHONY LYNN WILLIAMS AND THERESA GAYLE WILLIAMS
On Appeal from the County Court at Law Walker County, Texas Trial Court No. D2018093
Before Morriss, C.J., Stevens and van Cleef, JJ. Memorandum Opinion on Remand by Justice van Cleef MEMORANDUM OPINION ON REMAND
Anthony Lynn Williams filed a petition for divorce from Theresa Gayle Williams in the
County Court at Law of Walker County, Texas. After Theresa failed to answer or appear, the
trial court entered a default judgment that granted the divorce, established each party’s separate
property, and divided the community estate. In her sole point of error on appeal, Theresa argues
that the property division was not supported by the evidence. Because we agree, we reverse the
divorce decree with respect to the property division and remand the matter to the trial court for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
It is undisputed that Theresa was duly served with citation on August 18, 2020, but failed
to answer the lawsuit. As a result, the trial court entered a default judgment dividing the marital
estate after a brief hearing, which comprised three substantive pages of transcript. With respect
to the property division, the trial court only heard the following:
Q. We’ve looked through this final decree of divorce that we filed?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And in that we divided y’alls property?
Q. In fact, we’re going to give her some money in here?
Q. We think this division of property is fair and equitable?
2 Q. You’re asking for the Court to grant your divorce and approve everything that’s in here?
There was no other evidence supporting the trial court’s division of community property and
nothing showing the value of the property listed in the divorce decree proposed by Anthony. At
the conclusion of Anthony’s testimony, the trial court merely stated that it would “sign the final
decree as presented.”
After receiving a copy of the divorce decree, Theresa filed a motion for new trial
requesting “a fair division of the community property.” In her accompanying affidavit, Theresa
complained that all of the community assets, except for $10,000.00, had been awarded to
Anthony even though he had received the marital home. Theresa added that Anthony “would not
even give [Theresa her] clothes and personal effects.”
At the motion for new trial hearing, Theresa admitted that she had been served with
citation on August 18 but failed to file an answer because she believed she and Anthony could
agree on the disposition of community assets. According to Theresa, Anthony’s attorney had
assured her that he would advise her of any final hearing date but failed to do so, causing her to
miss the final hearing. Theresa also testified that the divorce decree failed to divide some
community assets, including the marital home, Anthony’s retirement account, cattle, “and some
money in the bank.” Even so, the trial court denied Theresa’s motion for a new trial.
Theresa appealed from the trial court’s divorce decree, and the case was transferred to
this Court from the Tenth Court of Appeals in Waco pursuant to the Texas Supreme Court’s
3 docket equalization program. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001. Under the commonly
known Craddock factors, a trial court must set a default judgment aside if
(1) “the failure of the defendant to answer before judgment was not intentional, or the result of conscious indifference on his part, but was due to a mistake or an accident”; (2) “the motion for a new trial sets up a meritorious defense”; and (3) granting the motion “will occasion no delay or otherwise work an injury to the plaintiff.”
Sutherland v. Spencer, 376 S.W.3d 752, 754 (Tex. 2012) (quoting Craddock v. Sunshine Bus
Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. [Comm’n Op.] 1939)).
In our prior opinion, we observed Theresa’s lack of complaint “that the trial court erred
by denying her motion for new trial because she established the Craddock elements.” In the
Matter of the Marriage of Williams, No. 06-20-00095-CV, 2021 WL 1521978, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Texarkana Apr. 19, 2021), rev’d, 646 S.W.3d 542 (Tex. 2022) (per curium). Because we
were “constrained to follow the transferor court’s . . . holding,” our previous opinion in this
cause applied the precedent of the Waco Court of Appeals, which held that compliance with
Craddock must be raised on appeal to preserve error of other claims, including whether the trial
court erred in its property division. Williams, 646 S.W.3d at 544 (reversing the Waco court’s
former precedent in In the Matter of the Marriage of Jackson, No. 10-17-00403-CV, 2018 WL
4925780, at *1 (Tex. App.—Waco Oct. 10, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.)). Overruling the Waco
court’s precedent, the Texas Supreme Court held that Theresa’s evidentiary legal complaint was
not forfeited by her failure to address the equitable Craddock factors. Williams, 646 S.W.3d at
544–45. Accordingly, the case was remanded to this Court to address the merits of Theresa’s
sufficiency complaint. Id. at 546.
4 II. Standard of Review
“We review a trial court’s division of property under an abuse of discretion standard.” In
the Matter of the Marriage of Blackheart, No. 10-20-00073-CV, 2021 WL 2827969, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Waco July 7, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Bradshaw v. Bradshaw, 555 S.W.3d 539,
543 (Tex. 2018)). “A trial court has wide discretion in dividing the community estate.” Smith v.
Smith, 143 S.W.3d 206, 213 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Schlueter v.
Schlueter, 975 S.W.2d 584, 589 (Tex. 1998)). However, the Texas Family Code requires the
trial court, in exercising its discretion, to “order a division of the estate of the parties in a manner
that the court deems just and right, having due regard for the rights of each party.” TEX. FAM.
CODE ANN. § 7.001. “A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts arbitrarily and
unreasonably, without reference to any guiding rules or legal principles.” Smith, 143 S.W.3d at
212 (citing K-Mart Corp. v. Honeycutt, 24 S.W.3d 357, 360 (Tex. 2000)).
“To determine whether a trial court abused its discretion because the evidence was
insufficient to support its decision, we consider: (1) whether the trial court had sufficient
evidence upon which to exercise its discretion; and (2) whether it erred in its application of that
discretion.” In the Matter of the Marriage of Durham, No. 10-19-00199-CV, 2021 WL 837348,
at *3 (Tex. App.—Waco Mar. 3, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.). “We conduct the sufficiency review
using the appropriate standards for legal and factual sufficiency when considering the first prong
of the test.” Id. “We then determine whether, based on the evidence presented at trial, the trial
court made a reasonable decision.” Id. A trial court “need not divide the community estate
5 equally” so long as “some reasonable basis” supports the disproportionate division. Smith, 143
S.W.3d at 214.1
III. The Record Did Not Support the Division of Community Property
“In a suit for divorce, the pleadings are not deemed admitted by the defendant’s failure to
appear.” Williams, 646 S.W.3d at 545. As a result, “the petition [for divorce] may not be taken
as confessed if the respondent does not file an answer.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 6.701. “Thus,
if a respondent in a divorce case fails to answer, the petitioner still must present evidence to
support the material allegations in the petition.” Durham, 2021 WL 837348, at *3 (citing
1 Texas courts have considered the following factors in determining a reasonable basis for dividing community property: (1) fault in the breakup of the marriage;
(2) the benefits that the innocent spouse would have derived had the marriage continued;
(3) disparity in the spouses’ income or earning capacities;
(4) each spouse’s business opportunities;
(5) differences in the spouses’ education;
(6) physical health and need for future support;
(7) the relative ages of the parties;
(8) each spouse’s financial condition and obligations;
(9) the size of each spouse’s separate estate and any expected inheritance;
(10) the nature of the spouses’ property;
(11) the rights of the children of the marriage;
(12) waste of community assets or constructive fraud against the community;
(13) gifts by one spouse to the other; and
(14) tax liabilities.
Id. at 213 (citing Schlueter, 975 S.W.2d at 589). 6 Vazquez v. Vazquez, 292 S.W.3d 80, 83–84 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, no pet.)).
“Therefore, a default judgment of divorce is subject to an evidentiary attack on appeal.” Id.
(citing Vazquez, 292 S.W.3d at 84).
Here, we conclude that a factually deficient record prevented the trial court from
adequately weighing the relevant considerations necessary to make a just and right division of
community property. The reporter’s record of the trial for this proceeding only consisted of three
substantive pages in which Anthony testified, in a conclusory manner, that his proposed divorce
decree divided the community property in a manner that he considered to be fair and equitable.
Anthony offered nothing further to corroborate his sentiment. Without any evidence, the trial
court listed the marital home as Anthony’s separate property.2 It also awarded Anthony the
entire value of his community retirement account and, with no evidence of the value of any
community asset, divided the remaining community assets in what appears to be a
disproportionate manner. Also, there was no evidence at trial of the fourteen factors typically
used in determining a reasonable basis for dividing community property. See Smith, 143 S.W.3d
at 213.
“The problem revealed by this record is that the trial court was not provided adequate
information about what was being divided; the value of assets, outstanding debts, and other
relevant considerations . . . .” In the Matter of the Marriage of Brown, 187 S.W.3d 143, 148
(Tex. App.—Waco 2006, no pet.). Because the record did not provide sufficient evidence from
2 “Property possessed by either spouse during or on dissolution of marriage is presumed to be community property.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 3.003. The spouse claiming certain property as separate bears the “burden of rebutting the presumption of community property.” Pearson v. Fillingim, 332 S.W.3d 361, 363 (Tex. 2011). “To do so, they must trace and clearly identify the property in question as separate by clear and convincing evidence.” Id. 7 which the trial court could make a just and right division of community property, we sustain
Theresa’s sole point of error. See id.; Durham, 2021 WL 837348, at *3.
IV. Conclusion
We reverse the portions of the divorce decree with respect to the property division and
remand the case to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We affirm
the divorce decree in all other respects.
Charles van Cleef Justice
Date Submitted: August 8, 2022 Date Decided: August 9, 2022