RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-2972-18T5
IN THE MATTER OF THE CIVIL COMMITMENT OF W.W., SVP-86-00. ________________________
Submitted December 4, 2019 – Decided December 17, 2019
Before Judges Mayer and Enright.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Essex County, Docket No. SVP-86-00.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for appellant W.W. (Susan Remis Silver, Assistant Deputy Public Defender, on the brief).
Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for respondent State of New Jersey (Melissa H. Raksa, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Nicholas Logothetis, Deputy Attorney General, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Appellant W.W., who is now seventy-two years old, appeals from a
January 28, 2019 Law Division order continuing his civil commitment to the
special treatment unit (STU), the secure facility designated for the custody, care, and treatment of sexually violent predators committed pursuant to the Sexually
Violent Predator Act (SVPA), N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.24 to -27.38. We affirm,
substantially for the reasons stated by Judge Philip M. Freedman in his
comprehensive and thoughtful oral decision.
W.W.'s commitment to the STU dates back to 2000, following his
conviction for sexual assault of a five-year old girl over the course of several
months in 1993. W.W. admitted to police that he fondled the girl's breasts and
vaginal area, performed cunnilingus on her and masturbated in his pants. He
pled guilty to sexual assault in June 1995 and was sentenced to a seven-year
prison term. After he served approximately four years of this sentence, the State
petitioned to civilly commit him under the SVPA and on October 27, 2000, a
judgment was entered civilly committing W.W. to the STU.
During his commitment, W.W. revealed a longstanding history of
exhibitionism, voyeurism, and stalking behavior. He reported he had driven
naked in his car and fantasized about picking up a young female child to molest.
Further, while undergoing treatment, he disclosed three additional unreported
victims. Specifically, he admitted that when he was nineteen, after bouncing a
young girl on his knee, he became aroused and later masturbated to thoughts of
her.
A-2972-18T5 2 At age twenty-seven, W.W. exposed and stroked his penis after he had his
neighbor's five- to eight-year old daughter "lay down on the living room floor
with her back towards" him. W.W. admitted he "was going to touch [the child],
but her brothers knocked on the door." W.W. acknowledged he "wanted [the
child] to stroke [his penis]."
At the age of forty-three, W.W. fondled the chest of another young girl
while they were in church. He later masturbated to thoughts of her.
By 2011, W.W. was deemed to be a low actuarial risk for sexually
reoffending and was recommended for a furlough plan. After his furloughs
began in June 2011, he submitted to a polygraph examination to address his
recent masturbatory fantasies. His polygraph results were flagged for deception
based on answers he gave during the exam. W.W. revealed he masturbated to
thoughts of a little girl he saw in a mall while on furlough. Further, he disclosed
he fantasized for years about sexualizing an underage girl. Consequently,
W.W.'s furloughs were terminated in 2012.
In October 2018, W.W. conceded he no longer felt ready to return to the
community and that he was not progressing in treatment. He estimated he had
a fifty percent chance of reoffending. During this time period, while in
treatment, he participated in a role-playing event where he imagined himself in
A-2972-18T5 3 a house with two children. He was observed by staff to be visibly aroused during
this role-playing exercise. Then, in November 2018, he disclosed masturbating
to a deviant fantasy of a seven year old girl. His treatment providers confirmed
that in December 2018, W.W. admitted "managing my arousal is the only thing
I'm not good at," and there is "stuff I don't want you to know about."
An involuntary civil commitment can follow service of a sentence, or
other criminal disposition, for "a sexually violent offense," including sexual
assault, when the offender "suffers from a mental abnormality or personality
disorder that makes the person likely to engage in acts of sexual violence if not
confined in a secure facility for control, care and treatment." N.J.S.A. 30:4-
27.26; see also N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.25.
SVPA committees are afforded annual review hearings to determine the
need for continued involuntary commitment. N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.35. If "the legal
standard for commitment no longer exists," then "the committee is subject to
release." In re Civil Commitment of E.D., 353 N.J. Super. 450, 455 (App. Div.
2002); see also In re Commitment of W.Z., 173 N.J. 109, 132-33 (2002). Thus,
an order of continued commitment under the SVPA, like an initial order, must
be based upon "clear and convincing evidence that the individual has serious
difficulty controlling his or her harmful sexual behavior such that it is highly
A-2972-18T5 4 likely that the person will not control his or her sexually violent behavior and
will reoffend." W.Z., 173 N.J. at 133-34. The court must address the
committee's "present serious difficulty with control over dangerous sexual
behavior" because the "annual court review hearings on the need for continued
involuntary commitment" require assessment of "fresh information concerning
the committee's dangerousness." W.Z., 173 N.J. at 132-33. When a committee
has been determined to be a "sexually violent predator," as defined by N.J.S.A.
30:4-27.26, that determination is binding and continues in full force and effect.
Thus, the State is not required to reprove the committee is a sexually violent
predator at his review hearing.
Consistent with N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.24, Judge Freedman conducted a two-
day review hearing for W.W. in January 2019. The State presented two expert
witnesses at the review hearing: Dr. Marta Scott, a psychiatrist, and Dr. Jamie
Canataro, a psychologist and member of the Treatment Progress Review
Committee (TPRC) at the STU. Both experts were qualified to render their
opinions and their reports were received in evidence. W.W. did not testify or
present any witnesses at the review hearing.
On the first day of the review hearing, Dr. Scott confirmed she conducted
a forensic evaluation of W.W., which included an interview with him. She
A-2972-18T5 5 opined, within a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that W.W.'s "risk to
commit another contact sexual offense does not reach the threshold of highly
likely." She determined W.W.'s risk of reoffense could be successfully managed
with a conditional discharge plan and "gradual de-escalation of restraints." She
based her findings, in part, on W.W.'s score of a "-2" on the Static-99R,1 noting
his risk fell in the low range. Still, Dr. Scott's report acknowledged this score
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RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-2972-18T5
IN THE MATTER OF THE CIVIL COMMITMENT OF W.W., SVP-86-00. ________________________
Submitted December 4, 2019 – Decided December 17, 2019
Before Judges Mayer and Enright.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Essex County, Docket No. SVP-86-00.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for appellant W.W. (Susan Remis Silver, Assistant Deputy Public Defender, on the brief).
Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for respondent State of New Jersey (Melissa H. Raksa, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Nicholas Logothetis, Deputy Attorney General, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Appellant W.W., who is now seventy-two years old, appeals from a
January 28, 2019 Law Division order continuing his civil commitment to the
special treatment unit (STU), the secure facility designated for the custody, care, and treatment of sexually violent predators committed pursuant to the Sexually
Violent Predator Act (SVPA), N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.24 to -27.38. We affirm,
substantially for the reasons stated by Judge Philip M. Freedman in his
comprehensive and thoughtful oral decision.
W.W.'s commitment to the STU dates back to 2000, following his
conviction for sexual assault of a five-year old girl over the course of several
months in 1993. W.W. admitted to police that he fondled the girl's breasts and
vaginal area, performed cunnilingus on her and masturbated in his pants. He
pled guilty to sexual assault in June 1995 and was sentenced to a seven-year
prison term. After he served approximately four years of this sentence, the State
petitioned to civilly commit him under the SVPA and on October 27, 2000, a
judgment was entered civilly committing W.W. to the STU.
During his commitment, W.W. revealed a longstanding history of
exhibitionism, voyeurism, and stalking behavior. He reported he had driven
naked in his car and fantasized about picking up a young female child to molest.
Further, while undergoing treatment, he disclosed three additional unreported
victims. Specifically, he admitted that when he was nineteen, after bouncing a
young girl on his knee, he became aroused and later masturbated to thoughts of
her.
A-2972-18T5 2 At age twenty-seven, W.W. exposed and stroked his penis after he had his
neighbor's five- to eight-year old daughter "lay down on the living room floor
with her back towards" him. W.W. admitted he "was going to touch [the child],
but her brothers knocked on the door." W.W. acknowledged he "wanted [the
child] to stroke [his penis]."
At the age of forty-three, W.W. fondled the chest of another young girl
while they were in church. He later masturbated to thoughts of her.
By 2011, W.W. was deemed to be a low actuarial risk for sexually
reoffending and was recommended for a furlough plan. After his furloughs
began in June 2011, he submitted to a polygraph examination to address his
recent masturbatory fantasies. His polygraph results were flagged for deception
based on answers he gave during the exam. W.W. revealed he masturbated to
thoughts of a little girl he saw in a mall while on furlough. Further, he disclosed
he fantasized for years about sexualizing an underage girl. Consequently,
W.W.'s furloughs were terminated in 2012.
In October 2018, W.W. conceded he no longer felt ready to return to the
community and that he was not progressing in treatment. He estimated he had
a fifty percent chance of reoffending. During this time period, while in
treatment, he participated in a role-playing event where he imagined himself in
A-2972-18T5 3 a house with two children. He was observed by staff to be visibly aroused during
this role-playing exercise. Then, in November 2018, he disclosed masturbating
to a deviant fantasy of a seven year old girl. His treatment providers confirmed
that in December 2018, W.W. admitted "managing my arousal is the only thing
I'm not good at," and there is "stuff I don't want you to know about."
An involuntary civil commitment can follow service of a sentence, or
other criminal disposition, for "a sexually violent offense," including sexual
assault, when the offender "suffers from a mental abnormality or personality
disorder that makes the person likely to engage in acts of sexual violence if not
confined in a secure facility for control, care and treatment." N.J.S.A. 30:4-
27.26; see also N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.25.
SVPA committees are afforded annual review hearings to determine the
need for continued involuntary commitment. N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.35. If "the legal
standard for commitment no longer exists," then "the committee is subject to
release." In re Civil Commitment of E.D., 353 N.J. Super. 450, 455 (App. Div.
2002); see also In re Commitment of W.Z., 173 N.J. 109, 132-33 (2002). Thus,
an order of continued commitment under the SVPA, like an initial order, must
be based upon "clear and convincing evidence that the individual has serious
difficulty controlling his or her harmful sexual behavior such that it is highly
A-2972-18T5 4 likely that the person will not control his or her sexually violent behavior and
will reoffend." W.Z., 173 N.J. at 133-34. The court must address the
committee's "present serious difficulty with control over dangerous sexual
behavior" because the "annual court review hearings on the need for continued
involuntary commitment" require assessment of "fresh information concerning
the committee's dangerousness." W.Z., 173 N.J. at 132-33. When a committee
has been determined to be a "sexually violent predator," as defined by N.J.S.A.
30:4-27.26, that determination is binding and continues in full force and effect.
Thus, the State is not required to reprove the committee is a sexually violent
predator at his review hearing.
Consistent with N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.24, Judge Freedman conducted a two-
day review hearing for W.W. in January 2019. The State presented two expert
witnesses at the review hearing: Dr. Marta Scott, a psychiatrist, and Dr. Jamie
Canataro, a psychologist and member of the Treatment Progress Review
Committee (TPRC) at the STU. Both experts were qualified to render their
opinions and their reports were received in evidence. W.W. did not testify or
present any witnesses at the review hearing.
On the first day of the review hearing, Dr. Scott confirmed she conducted
a forensic evaluation of W.W., which included an interview with him. She
A-2972-18T5 5 opined, within a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that W.W.'s "risk to
commit another contact sexual offense does not reach the threshold of highly
likely." She determined W.W.'s risk of reoffense could be successfully managed
with a conditional discharge plan and "gradual de-escalation of restraints." She
based her findings, in part, on W.W.'s score of a "-2" on the Static-99R,1 noting
his risk fell in the low range. Still, Dr. Scott's report acknowledged this score
might underestimate his risk, "as it does not account for his previous victims."
Dr. Scott added that other risk factors not reflected in W.W.'s Static-99R score
included "early onset of sexual offending, strong paraphilic arousal, multiple
paraphilic interest (history of voyeuristic and masochistic behavior), poor
problem-solving skills, multiple offenses [and] cognitive limitations."
Under cross-examination, Dr. Scott acknowledged:
Well, the most important factor I believe that made me . . . reach the conclusion I reached is [W.W.'s] age, which is [seventy-one], and when it comes to interpretation of age on risk of recidivism I think the three most important factors that we consider are declining sexual drive, increased self control, and [decreased] access to victims.
1 "The Static-99 is an actuarial test used to estimate the probability of sexually violent recidivism in adult males previously convicted of sexually violent offenses." In re Commitment of R.F., 217 N.J. 152, 164 n.9 (2014) (citing Andrew Harris et al., Static-99 Coding Rules Revised-2003 5 (2003)).
A-2972-18T5 6 Regarding W.W.'s declining sex drive, Dr. Scott noted that W.W. continued to
take medication to decrease his sexual urges. Additionally, he reportedly had
abstained from masturbating for several months prior to her evaluation.
Dr. Canataro testified on the second day of the review hearing. She, too,
interviewed W.W. for her evaluation. She also prepared his annual TPRC
report. Before issuing her report, she considered the written and oral reports of
his treatment team representative, a review of his treatment notes, and all
available discovery material included in W.W.'s STU file.
Dr. Canataro determined W.W. suffers from mental abnormality or
personality disorder which predisposes him to sexual reoffense. She diagnosed
W.W. with: pedophilic disorder, sexually attracted to females, non-exclusive
type; voyeuristic disorder; sexual masochism disorder; and borderline
intellectual functioning. During her evaluation, Dr. Canataro reviewed various
actuarial instruments and noted W.W.'s Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, 2nd
edition (PCL-R)2 score was 12, which falls in the "low range" of the construct
of psychopathy. Dr. Canataro acknowledged that W.W.'s Static-99R score was
2 "The PCL-R test is a widely used method to measure psychopathic personality traits." Trantino v. N.J. State Parole Bd., 166 N.J. 113, 206 (2001) (Baime, J., dissenting). A score of thirty is the cutoff for reliable classification as a psychopath. Ibid.
A-2972-18T5 7 "-2," placing him in "a very low range of sexual recidivism." However, she
noted the Static-99R has moderate accuracy in ranking offenders according to
relative risk for sexual recidivism. Dr. Canataro explained:
[W]e do know, just from ongoing dynamic risk variables, that this . . . is an under representation of [W.W.'s] risk. The strength of this deviant arousal, despite his advancing age, despite his exposure to and participation in treatment, his inability or his unwillingness to behaviorally manage this deviant arousal, and [the] obsessional quality he can have towards victims, even with little or no contact with them, so in my opinion, this is . . . not an accurate representation of his current risk.
When asked to characterize W.W.'s risk to sexually reoffend in the
foreseeable future if not recommitted to the STU for further treatment, Dr.
Canataro responded, "[h]igh." She further opined, "[g]iven his sexual
preoccupation and criminal sexual arousal lead to the sexual assaults on
prepubescent females, this continues to be an area of clinical concern for
[W.W.]" She did not agree with Dr. Scott's determination that W.W. was an
appropriate candidate for a conditional discharge plan. She specifically
disagreed with the opinion that W.W. was not highly likely to sexually reoffend.
Dr. Canataro noted W.W. was able to "pass a current arousal polygraph in 2018.
But . . . since that time he has begun masturbating to deviant fantasies." In Dr.
Canataro's opinion, "this continued masturbation to deviant fantasies shows . . .
A-2972-18T5 8 his continued strength of the deviant arousal, his inability or his unwillingness
to behaviorally manage this arousal pattern." Explaining her disagreement with
Dr. Scott further, she noted "Dr. Scott heavily relies on [W.W.'s] age but age is
not a magic number. The variables we're using when we're looking at age is
we're looking at a decreased sexual drive. I do not see evidence of a decreased
sexual drive in [W.W.]"
After reviewing the testimony and exhibits submitted, Judge Freedman
rendered an oral decision on January 28, 2019. He determined both State
witnesses were credible, but "Dr. Canataro . . . has the better half of the
argument." The judge concluded that even though the State was compelled to
produce psychiatric testimony at the review hearing, the State was not bound by
Dr. Scott's testimony. He found the State established by clear and convincing
evidence that W.W. suffers "from a mental abnormality, mental abnormalities
in the form of pedophilic disorder and . . . some other paraphelias, which are
less important with regard to his risk, and that the condition that [W.W.] has
predisposes him to engage in acts of sexual violence." The judge added:
I think it affects him volitionally and emotionally. It does predispose him as his record shows. And I think that if –if he were released, given the fact that he has very little support in the community and . . . that he has an active deviant arousal, which appears to be exclusive, that he would have serious difficulties very
A-2972-18T5 9 quickly in controlling his sexually violent behavior and would, within - -well within the foreseeable future, engage in acts of sexual violence. And so I think he needs to continue, his commitment needs to be continued.
In crediting Dr. Canataro's testimony over that of Dr. Scott, the judge
found Dr. Scott relied too heavily on W.W.'s age when addressing whether he
was likely to reoffend. Judge Freedman stated, "[c]onditional discharge is for
people who have undergone treatment and who have - - who have developed
relapse prevention techniques, methods to control their deviant arousal so as to
reduce the risk to the point where they can in fact return to the community."
Judge Freedman noted W.W. "failed relapse prevention . . . which is roleplaying,
three times, and he's failed arousal reconditioning three times."
Our scope of review of judgments in SVPA commitment cases is
"extremely narrow." In re Commitment of R.F., 217 N.J. 152, 174 (2014)
(quoting In re D.C., 146 N.J. 31, 58 (1996)). "The judges who hear SVPA cases
generally are 'specialists' and 'their expertise in the subject' is entitled to 'special
deference.'" Ibid. (quoting In re Civil Commitment of T.J.N., 390 N.J. Super.
218, 226 (App. Div. 2007)). "We give deference to the findings of our trial
judges because they have the 'opportunity to hear and see the witnesses and to
have the "feel" of the case, which a reviewing court cannot enjoy.'" Ibid.
A-2972-18T5 10 (quoting State v. Johnson, 42 N.J. 146, 161 (1964)). "Accordingly, an appellate
court should not modify a trial court's determination either to commit or release
an individual unless 'the record reveals a clear mistake.'" Id. at 175 (quoting
D.C., 146 N.J. at 58). "So long as the trial court's findings are supported by
'sufficient credible evidence present in the record,' those findings should not be
disturbed." Ibid. (quoting Johnson, 42 N.J. at 162).
Judge Freedman's decision, when compared to the record on appeal,
commands the special deference afforded to specialist judges who hear SVPA
cases. We are satisfied his judgment for continued commitment is both
adequately supported by sufficient credible evidence in the record and consistent
with controlling legal principles. To the extent W.W. argues the State failed to
meet its burden because Dr. Scott did not find W.W. is highly likely to sexually
reoffend, we disagree.
Although Dr. Scott opined W.W. was not highly likely to sexually
reoffend, the trial court is "not required to accept all or any part of" an expert's
opinion. In re Commitment of R.F., 217 N.J. 152, 174 (quoting In re D.C., 146
N.J. at 61). The trial court had a reasonable basis to credit the testimony of Dr.
Canataro over the more positive opinions expressed by Dr. Scott. Moreover,
"[t]he ultimate determination [regarding involuntary civil commitment] is 'a
A-2972-18T5 11 legal one, not a medical one, even though guided by medical expert testimony.'"
Ibid. (quoting D.C., 146 N.J. at 59). Even actuarial information is "simply a
factor to consider, weigh, or even reject, when engaging in the necessary
factfinding under the SVPA." Id. at 164 n.9 (quoting In re Commitment of R.S.,
173 N.J. 134, 137 (2002)). Accordingly, there is no basis for reversal on this
record.
W.W.'s remaining arguments are without sufficient merit to warrant
discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-2972-18T5 12