In the Matter of the Civil Commitment of: Terry Lee Branson

• Court: Court of Appeals of Minnesota
• Decided: January 26, 2026
• Docket: a251288
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

This opinion is nonprecedential except as provided by Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 136.01, subd. 1(c).

STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A25-1288

In the Matter of the Civil Commitment of: Terry Lee Branson.

Filed January 26, 2026 Affirmed Bentley, Judge

Commitment Appeal Panel File No. AP24-9144

Michael C. Hager, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for appellant Terry Lee Branson)

Keith Ellison, Attorney General, Mara Sybesma, Assistant Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent Executive Board of Direct Care and Treatment)

Brad Johnson, Anoka County Attorney, Ellen Lavigne, Assistant County Attorney, Anoka, Minnesota (for respondent Anoka County)

Considered and decided by Schmidt, Presiding Judge; Bentley, Judge; and Segal,

Judge. ∗

NONPRECEDENTIAL OPINION

BENTLEY, Judge

This appeal stems from a decision of the commitment appeal panel (CAP), denying

and dismissing appellant’s petition for transfer, provisional discharge, or discharge.

Appellant argues that the CAP should have granted his petition because he contends he no

longer suffers from the condition underlying his commitment and he is not receiving

∗ Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. appropriate treatment in his current setting. We conclude that appellant is not entitled to

relief from the CAP’s decision because he did not present competent evidence in support

of his assertion regarding his clinical status. Additionally, the CAP is not the proper forum

to consider his right-to-treatment argument. We therefore affirm.

FACTS

The following facts, taken from the record before the CAP and the transcript of the

CAP hearing and stated in the light most favorable to appellant Terry Lee Branson, frame

our consideration of the issues raised on appeal.

Branson has been in state custody since 1993, pursuant to criminal sentencing orders

or a 2009 civil commitment order adjudicating him as a person who has a sexual

psychopathic personality (SPP) and as a sexually dangerous person (SDP). He has a long

history of sexual misconduct, including six felony convictions for criminal sexual

conduct. 1 Since completing his terms of imprisonment in 2013, he has resided at the

Minnesota Sex Offender Program (MSOP) in Moose Lake under the 2009 order. Branson

first consented to participate in treatment in May 2022. He participated intermittently and

then withdrew his consent in February 2025.

1 Branson’s background and offense history are summarized in In re Civ. Commitment of Branson, No. A15-0394, 2015 WL 4878012, *1-3 (Minn. App. Aug. 17, 2015), rev. denied (Minn. Oct. 20, 2015).

2 Branson petitioned the special review board (SRB) for a reduction in custody in

June 2023. 2 He appeared in front of the SRB for a hearing in August 2024. The SRB

recommended that Branson be denied transfer, provisional discharge, or discharge.

Branson then filed a petition for rehearing and reconsideration with the CAP in

October 2024.

At a hearing before the CAP in June 2025, Branson testified on his own behalf. He

stated that he was not receiving treatment at MSOP for his underlying mental illnesses and

that he stopped attending individual therapy because his old therapist left and, in his

opinion, his new one was not qualified. He also testified that his behavior had improved

and that he believed his sexual sadism diagnosis was in remission, citing his advanced age

and his reduced interest in sexual behavior.

Expert witness Dr. Darci Wikelius testified that a reduction in custody was not

appropriate because Branson’s “progress has been inconsistent and limited” and “it does

not appear that he’s addressed his risk factors.” She did not agree that Branson’s underlying

disorders were in remission. She also testified that, while it is “not ideal” that MSOP does

not offer as many focused treatment groups as it used to, Branson does have opportunities

to work on his underlying mental illnesses at MSOP. At the end of the hearing, the

commissioner 3 moved to dismiss Branson’s petition under Minnesota Rule of Civil

2 Branson has previously filed other appeals seeking a reduction in custody. See In re Civ. Commitment of Branson, No. A18-1532, 2019 WL 1105067 (Minn. App. Mar. 11, 2019); Branson, 2015 WL 4878012. 3 Between the evidentiary hearing and this appeal, authority over MSOP transferred from the Commissioner of Human Services to the Executive Board of Direct Care and

3 Procedure 41.02(b), which provides that a party responding to a legal action “may move

for a dismissal on the ground that upon the facts and the law, the [petitioner] has shown no

right to relief.”

The CAP denied Branson’s request for transfer, provisional discharge, or discharge

and granted the commissioner’s motion to dismiss under rule 41.02(b).

Branson appeals.

DECISION

The Minnesota Commitment and Treatment Act: Sexually Dangerous Persons and

Sexual Psychopathic Personalities (MCTA) governs petitions for a reduction in custody,

such as for transfer, provisional discharge, or discharge. See Minn. Stat. §§ 253D.01-.36

(2024). A person seeking a transfer from MSOP to a lower-security facility bears the

burdens of production and persuasion and must prove by a preponderance of the evidence

that “transfer is appropriate.” Minn. Stat. § 253D.28, subd. 2(e); Foster v. Jesson, 857

N.W.2d 545, 548 (Minn. App. 2014). As for petitions for a provisional discharge or

discharge, they proceed in two phases. See Larson v. Jesson, 847 N.W.2d 531, 535 (Minn.

App. 2014). At the first-phase hearing, the committed person must satisfy their burden of

production by presenting a prima facie case that they are “capable of making an acceptable

Treatment. Minn. Stat. § 246C.04, subds. 1-3 (2024). Therefore, the respondent on appeal is the Executive Board of Direct Care and Treatment. See Minn. Stat. § 15.039, subd. 4 (2024) (“Any proceeding . . . pending on the effective date of a transfer of responsibilities may be conducted and completed by the new agency in the same manner . . . and with the same effect, as though it involved or were commenced and conducted or completed by the former agency prior to the transfer.”). Anoka County is also a respondent in the appeal, but only the executive board filed a responsive brief.

4 adjustment to open society.” Minn. Stat. § 253D.30, subd. 1(a); see Larson, 847 N.W.2d

at 535. At the end of this hearing, the commissioner may move to dismiss the petition under

rule 41.02(b). Larson, 847 N.W.2d at 535. The CAP “is required to view the

evidence . . . in a light most favorable to the committed person when a rule 41.02(b) motion

is made to dismiss a petition for discharge.” Foster, 857 N.W.2d at 548 (emphasis omitted)

(quotation omitted). If the person satisfies their burden of production, “the proceeding

advances to a second-phase hearing and the burden shifts to the commissioner, who bears

a burden of persuasion on the merits of a discharge petition.” Larson, 847 N.W.2d at 535

(quotation omitted). Appellate courts apply de novo review to the dismissal of a petition

for transfer, provisional discharge, or discharge under rule 41.02(b). See In re Civ.

Commitment of Edwards, 933 N.W.2d 796, 801-03 (Minn. App. 2019), rev. denied (Minn.

Oct. 15, 2019). 4

Branson states that his “principal argument is that he has aged out and gone into

remission on the underlying factors that led to his offenses over 32 years ago.” He also

asserts that “any further treatment, given the nature of MSOP treatment, is not likely to be

designed to address the diagnosed illness for which he was committed.” Because he

maintains that the nature of the treatment at MSOP is no longer relevant to his condition,

he argues that he should be transferred or discharged. And he argues that the SRB and CAP

4 Appellate courts review the CAP’s denial of a petition absent a rule 41.02(b) dismissal for clear error. Larson, 847 N.W.2d at 534. In this case, the CAP both denied Branson’s petition and granted the commissioner’s petition to dismiss under 41.02(b). We apply the de novo standard of review because, even under that greater level of scrutiny, we conclude that Branson has not established a basis to reverse the CAP’s decision.

5 improperly failed to consider his challenges to the nature of the treatment he is receiving

at MSOP.

We first consider his arguments in the context of the statutory requirements for

transfer and discharge. We then address Branson’s argument that the CAP erred in

declining to consider his arguments regarding the nature of treatment he is receiving at

MSOP.

I

Branson argues that he should be transferred to a lower-security facility within the

MSOP, provisionally discharged, or discharged because he no longer suffers from sexual

sadism. We understand this argument to be challenging the CAP’s conclusions with respect

to his clinical progress and present treatment needs, which are statutory factors the CAP

must address with respect to either a petition to transfer or discharge.

A person who is committed as an SPP or SDP may be transferred to CPS only if

“the transfer is appropriate.” Minn. Stat. § 253D.29, subd. 1(a). And in determining

whether transfer is appropriate, the CAP must consider “the person’s clinical progress and

present treatment needs.” Id., subd. 1(b)(1). 5 With respect to provisional discharge, the

MCTA provides that a SPP or SDP “shall not” be provisionally discharged unless they are

“capable of making an acceptable adjustment to open society.” Minn. Stat. § 253D.30,

5 The CAP also must consider “the need for security to accomplish continuing treatment; . . . the need for continued institutionalization; . . . which other treatment program can best meet the person’s needs; and . . . whether transfer can be accomplished with a reasonable degree of safety for the public.” Id., subd. 1(b)(2)-(5).

6 subd. 1(a). 6 To make that determination, the CAP must consider “whether the committed

person’s course of treatment and present mental status indicate there is no longer a need

for treatment and supervision in the committed person’s current treatment setting.” Minn.

Stat. § 253D.30, subd. 1(b)(1). 7

With respect to transfer, the CAP considered Branson’s clinical progress and

treatment needs and found that “the record as a whole shows [Branson] is a non-participant

in treatment.” The CAP referenced reports from the court examiner, Branson’s treatment

team, and the risk assessor, all of which the CAP determined credibly demonstrated that

Branson “has significant remaining treatment needs that remain unaddressed, including

sexuality and risk management.” With respect to provisional discharge, the panel

considered whether Branson’s “course of treatment and present mental status indicate there

is no longer a need for treatment and supervision in the current setting,” and determined

that Branson’s “minimal and inconsistent treatment participation shows that he has not

progressed sufficiently in treatment and is not able to manage his risk.”

Branson does not directly address the statutory factors but makes a broader

argument that, if he no longer suffers from sexual sadism, his custody status must be

6 If the petitioner does not meet the statutory requirements for provisional discharge, they cannot meet the requirements for full discharge. See Larson, 847 N.W.2d at 536 (“[Appellant] has failed to produce evidence that, if proven, would entitle him to a provisional discharge. . . . Consequently, [appellant] has also failed to produce evidence that, if proven, would entitle him to a discharge.”). 7 The CAP must also consider “whether the conditions of the provisional discharge plan will provide a reasonable degree of protection to the public and will enable the committed person to adjust successfully to the community.” Id., subd. 1(b)(2).

7 reduced. Branson references caselaw providing that, once a committed person no longer

suffers from the condition underlying the commitment, their continued detention may

violate due process, regardless of whether they may pose a danger to the community. See

Foucha v. Louisiana, 504 U.S. 71, 82-83 (1992) (concluding that “indefinite detention of

insanity acquittees who are not mentally ill but who do not prove they would not be

dangerous to others” violates due process); Hince v. O’Keefe, 632 N.W.2d 577, 583 (Minn.

2001) (“Without the mental disorder component, commitment would be based on

dangerousness alone, which does not satisfy due process.”).

It may be that, if Branson were no longer suffering from sexual sadism, due process

would call for a reduction in custody or discharge. But Branson did not present competent

evidence that he no longer suffers from sexual sadism or that he is in remission. Even if we

view the evidence in the light most favorable to his petition, as we must here, Foster, 857

N.W.2d at 548, we cannot conclude that Branson met his burden for either transfer or

discharge.

In support of his position that his sexual sadism is in remission, Branson cites his

advanced age and his testimony that he is no longer interested in sex and no longer

interested in reoffending. But a petitioner’s uncorroborated assertions are insufficient, by

themselves, to show that a committed person has met their burden. See In re Civ.

Commitment of Poole, 921 N.W.2d 62, 68-69 (Minn. App. 2018), rev. denied (Minn.

Jan. 15, 2019). Other evidence in the record contradicts Branson’s assertion of his current

condition. As of Branson’s last annual treatment progress report, he had four active

diagnoses—sexual sadism disorder, in a controlled environment; antisocial personality

8 disorder; alcohol use disorder, moderate, in sustained remission, in a controlled

environment; and problems related to other legal circumstances (i.e. civil commitment).

And when the expert who testified at Branson’s hearing was asked about Branson’s

diagnoses, she stated that in the records she received she did not find anything to support

that Branson had been able to address them.

The record also shows, as the CAP concluded, that Branson has refused to

participate meaningfully in treatment. In the time since his commitment at MSOP in 2013,

Branson has attended group treatment sessions only periodically, from May 2022 to

October 2023, and October 2024 to December 2024. He withdrew his consent to participate

in treatment in February 2025. The lack of evidence of clinical progress and meaningful

participation in treatment belie his assertions of remission.

Branson does not meaningfully challenge any other aspect of the CAP’s decision on

appeal. See Melina v. Chaplin, 327 N.W.2d 19, 20 (Minn. 1982) (concluding that

arguments not briefed on appeal are waived). Still, we carefully reviewed the record and

considered all the statutory factors. We agree with the CAP that Branson has not met his

burden to establish that “transfer is appropriate,” Minn. Stat. § 253D.29, subd. 1(a), and

has not made a prima facie case that he is “capable of making an acceptable adjustment to

open society,” as required for provisional discharge or discharge, Minn. Stat. §§ 253D.30,

subd. 1(a), .31; Larson, 847 N.W.2d at 535.

9 II

We next turn to Branson’s argument that the CAP erred in declining to consider his

challenges to the nature of the treatment he is receiving at MSOP. Again, we discern no

error.

It is well-established that the CAP is not the appropriate venue to challenge

adequacy of treatment. In re Civ. Commitment of Navratil, 799 N.W.2d 643, 650-51 (Minn.

App. 2011) (stating that “the commitment process is not the proper avenue for asserting a

right-to-treatment argument,” and “a committed person has adequate avenues outside the

commitment process for asserting a right-to-treatment issue”), rev. denied (Minn. Aug. 24,

2011); In re Kolodrubetz, 411 N.W.2d 528, 533 (Minn. App. 1987) (“[C]ommitting courts

may not involve themselves in treatment decisions.”), rev. denied (Minn. Nov. 6, 1987).

Branson argues that, under Minnesota Statutes section 253B.22 (2024), titled

“Review Boards,” the SRB may hear his right-to-treatment argument because it “is the

entity authorized and responsible for safeguarding that treatment meets standards and the

needs of the patient.” But the review boards established under section 253B.22 are separate

from the special review boards established under section 253B.18, subdivision 4c (2024),

which are specifically authorized to “hear and consider all petitions for a reduction in

custody or to appeal a revocation of provisional discharge.” The SRB does not have

statutory authority to address a patient’s treatment concerns. Minn. Stat. § 253B.18,

subd. 4c. Therefore, Branson’s argument is unavailing.

Affirmed.