FILED Aug 05 2019, 6:03 am
CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES Tonisha Jarrett Glen E. Koch II Foley, Peden & Wisco, P.A. Boren, Oliver & Coffey, LLP Martinsville, Indiana Martinsville, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Adoption of August 5, 2019 C.A.H., Minor Child, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-AD-240 A.C.S., Appeal from the Appellant-Respondent, Morgan Superior Court v. The Honorable Peter R. Foley, Judge R.S.E. and R.K.E., Trial Court Cause No. 55D01-1705-AD-85 Appellees-Petitioners.
Kirsch, Judge.
[1] A.C.S. (“Father”) appeals the trial court’s decree of adoption, which granted
the petition to adopt minor child, C.A.H. (“the Child”), that was filed by R.S.E.
and R.K.E. (together, “Grandparents”). Father raises the following restated
issue for our review: whether the trial court erred in finding that Father’s
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 1 of 16 consent to the adoption was irrevocably implied pursuant to Indiana Code
section 31-19-10-1.2(g) because Father failed to appear for the final hearing.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] Child was born in July 2015 to M.H. (“Mother”) and Father. Grandparents are
Child’s maternal grandparents and have cared for Child since March 2016.
Grandparents were appointed guardians of Child in June 2016 under cause
number 55D01-1603-GU-28.
[4] In April 2017, the State filed a paternity action against Father under cause
number 55D01-1704-JP-173. On May 25, 2017, Grandparents filed a petition
to adopt Child. Mother initially consented to the adoption of Child.
Grandparents claimed that Father’s consent to the adoption was not necessary
pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-19-9-8 because he (1) abandoned and
deserted Child for at least six months immediately preceding the date the
adoption petition was filed; (2) failed without justifiable cause to communicate
significantly with Child when able to do so for at least one year; and (3)
knowingly failed to provide for the care and support of Child when able to do
so as required by law for at least one year. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 14.
[5] In June 2017, Father filed a motion contesting the adoption of Child and
requesting counsel. The trial court held a hearing on Father’s request for
counsel on July 24, 2017. Father, who appeared late to the hearing, was
appointed pauper counsel. Id. at 4. On August 9, 2017, a pretrial hearing was Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 2 of 16 held, and Father appeared with counsel. He told the trial court that he still
wished to contest the adoption, and the trial court set a hearing for November
2017 on the issue of whether Father’s consent was necessary. Tr. at 10. At the
hearing, the trial court informed Father that it was Father’s obligation to stay in
contact with his counsel and provide her with any necessary information. Id. at
14.
[6] In the meantime, Father failed to appear for his deposition on September 25.
Accordingly, on October 11, 2017, Grandparents filed a motion to dismiss
Father’s motion to contest the adoption for failure to prosecute. Appellant’s App.
Vol. II at 33-34. Father filed a response alleging that he did not appear for the
deposition because he was incarcerated in the Hamilton County Jail. Id. at 36.
On October 31, 2017, Grandparents withdrew their motion to dismiss, and the
adoption proceedings were stayed “pending resolution of the issue of
paternity.” Id. at 38. In April 2018, a hearing was held in the paternity case,
after which the trial court entered an order establishing paternity in Father. Id.
at 93. Grandparents then requested a final hearing in the adoption case, and
the trial court set the hearing for June 2018. Id. at 42. The final hearing was
continued to July because Father was again incarcerated and unable to attend
the June hearing. Id. at 43.
[7] Father appeared with counsel at the final hearing set for July. Mother, who had
initially consented to the adoption of Child, told the trial court that she wanted
to withdraw her consent. Tr. at 18. Accordingly, the court appointed Mother
counsel and continued the final hearing to October. Id. at 22, 25. The final
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 3 of 16 hearing was continued again because Grandparents obtained new counsel and
needed more time to prepare. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 56.
[8] The final hearing was scheduled for “all day” on Friday, January 4, 2019,
starting at 9 a.m. Id. at 58. Mother appeared with counsel and consented to the
adoption of Child. Tr. at 33, 35. Father’s counsel appeared, but Father did not.
The trial court asked Father’s counsel if she had spoken to Father, and she
responded that, although she had not talked to him that day, she had had
“multiple” phone calls with him the day before and that he indicated he would
be in the courtroom between 8:30 a.m. and 8:45 a.m. on the date of the hearing.
Id. at 33. Father’s counsel requested a continuance because Father had
“appeared to every other hearing” and had “answered every phone call as of
yesterday.” Id. Grandparents’ attorney, who noted that the time was 10:17
a.m., objected to a continuance because the adoption case had been pending
since May 2017 and because Father “appeared at other proceedings” and had
been informed of the date of the final hearing. Id. at 34. Accordingly,
Grandparents’ attorney asked the trial court to “proceed in default” pursuant to
Indiana Code section 31-19-10-1.2(g). Id. Section 31-19-10-1.2(g) provides: “If
a court finds that the person who filed the motion to contest the adoption is
failing to prosecute the motion without undue delay, the court shall dismiss the
motion to contest with prejudice, and the person’s consent to the adoption shall
be irrevocably implied.”
[9] The trial court denied Father’s request for a continuance, stating as follows:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 4 of 16 Well, as far as a continuance, there doesn’t appear to be any cause shown by [Father] as to why he’s failed to appear. By the acknowledgment of [Father’s counsel], she’s had recent contact with him and has made appointments, and so there’s no known cause. With that, [I] will deny the Motion for Continuance, and move forward and default [Father] [pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-19-10-1.2(g)].
Tr. at 34. The trial court then asked Father’s counsel if she had any objection to
it finding that Father’s consent was irrevocably implied, and Father’s counsel
argued:
I will just renew my request to allow [Father] to appear in person. He did file the proper written notice to contest the adoption. He did not believe that his consent was not required. So I just renew my prior request that he have the opportunity to present his case to this Court, as we are dealing with the termination of parental rights, which would be one of [Father’s] very fundamental rights in this matter. So we just ask the Court to reconsider and allow [Father] to appear and present his case as he did make it clear that he contested this matter before the Court.
Id. at 35. The trial court again denied Father’s counsel’s request, stating that
“there is no showing of cause for [Father’s] failure to appear. So this is an
undue delay, as found under subsection g of the statute, and the Court will then
find that his consent has been irrevocably implied for failure to prosecute . . .
what amounts to the objection to the adoption.” Id. The trial court then
proceeded to hear evidence on the sole issue of whether the adoption was in the
best interests of Child and, at the conclusion of the evidence, issued a decree of
adoption on January 7, 2019. According to the decree, Father’s consent to the Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 5 of 16 adoption was “not necessary” pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-19-10-1.2(g)
because he “fail[ed] to appear.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 93.
[10] After filing a notice of appeal, Father filed an Indiana Trial Rule 60(B) motion
for relief from judgment in the trial court, alleging that he overslept on the date
of the final hearing, but “still appeared at the courthouse during the scheduled
hearing time on the date of the hearing.” Id. at 99. The trial court denied
Father’s Trial Rule 60(B) motion, finding that it lacked jurisdiction to address
it. Father now appeals the trial court’s decree of adoption.
Discussion and Decision [11] When reviewing a trial court’s ruling in an adoption proceeding, we will not
disturb that ruling unless the evidence leads to but one conclusion and the trial
court reached an opposite conclusion. In re Adoption of T.L., 4 N.E.3d 658, 662
(Ind. 2014). We presume that the trial court’s decision is correct, and we
consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the decision. Id.
[12] Father contends that the trial court erred by finding that his consent to the
adoption of Child was irrevocably implied because he failed to appear at the
final hearing on January 4. Again, Indiana Code section 31-19-10-1.2(g)
provides as follows:
If a court finds that the person who filed the motion to contest the adoption is failing to prosecute the motion without undue delay, the court shall dismiss the motion to contest with prejudice, and the person’s consent to the adoption shall be irrevocably implied.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 6 of 16 Father argues that, although he did not appear at the January 4 final hearing, he
did not fail to prosecute his motion to contest without undue delay because he
participated in the adoption proceedings on an “ongoing and consistent” basis.
Appellant’s Br. at 7. Grandparents respond that the trial court properly found
that Father’s consent was irrevocably implied pursuant to this court’s opinion in
K.S. v. D.S., 64 N.E.3d 1209 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016), which they claim is
“dispositive in this appeal.” Appellees’ Br. at 14.
[13] In K.S., K.S., the birth mother, and C.S., the father, had one child in 2011.
When their marriage was later dissolved, the father was awarded sole legal and
physical custody of the child. 64 N.E.3d at 1211. The father later remarried,
and in 2015 his new wife, the adoptive mother, filed a petition to adopt the
child. Id. The petition alleged that the birth mother’s consent to the adoption
was not required because she had abandoned the child and had not consistently
paid child support. Id. The birth mother objected to the adoption, and a
hearing was set for January 8, 2016. Id. However, on December 17, the birth
mother requested a continuance alleging that she had entered an inpatient drug-
treatment facility in California on December 1 and that she would be there at
least ninety days. Id. The trial court converted the January 8 hearing to a
status hearing and said that it would address the birth mother’s continuance
then. Id. In addition, the trial court ordered the birth mother’s attorney to
submit proof of her enrollment in treatment. Id. Thereafter, the birth mother’s
attorney filed a letter dated November 29 from “Nationwide Recovery” in
California stating that the birth mother “w[ould] be attending” drug treatment
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 7 of 16 there beginning December 1 and that the treatment would last between forty-
five and ninety days. Id.
[14] The birth mother did not appear at the January 8 status hearing, but her
attorney did. Id. He told the trial court that he had spoken with the birth
mother on a conference call on another matter shortly before Christmas and
that she said she was in treatment and would be “getting out early.” Id. at
1211-12. However, he had not heard from the birth mother since then, did not
know her whereabouts at the time of the hearing, and did not know whether
she had left treatment early. Id. at 1212. The trial court rescheduled the
hearing for January 13. Id.
[15] The birth mother again failed to appear at the January 13 hearing, but her
attorney did and requested another continuance because he had been unable to
locate her and wanted to confirm whether she was in treatment. Id.
Specifically, the attorney told the trial court that he called the phone number on
the Nationwide Recovery letter but had gotten a message that the voicemail
inbox was full. Id. He also tried a phone number that he looked up online, but
all he got was a busy signal. Id. The adoptive mother objected to another
continuance, voicing concerns about the authenticity of the Nationwide
Recovery letter and pointing out that the letter did not actually confirm that the
birth mother had entered treatment, only that she “would be” entering
treatment. Id. The trial court denied the motion for continuance, and the
hearing was held as scheduled. Id. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial
court ruled that the birth mother’s consent to the adoption was irrevocably
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 8 of 16 implied pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-19-9-18(c) because she failed to
appear to contest the adoption petition. Id. Section 31-19-9-18(c), which is
nearly identical to section 31-19-10-1.2(g) at issue here, provides as follows:
A court shall dismiss a motion to contest an adoption filed under subsection (b)(2) with prejudice and the person’s consent to the adoption shall be irrevocably implied if the court finds that the person who filed the motion to contest is failing to prosecute the motion without unreasonable delay.
Ind. Code § 31-19-9-18(c).1
[16] On appeal, this court affirmed the trial court’s finding that the birth mother’s
consent was irrevocably implied pursuant to section 31-19-9-18(c). Specifically,
we reasoned that the birth mother’s attorney “made every effort to personally
notify [her] of the hearings and to have her attend, but [her] disappearance
made it impossible for him to do so.” K.S., 64 N.E.3d at 1214. In addition, we
explained that the trial court was not obligated to accept the birth mother’s
claim that she was in treatment, especially considering her attorney’s inability
to reach her or anyone else at the facility where she claimed to be enrolled. Id.
Moreover, we explained that even if the birth mother was in treatment, that
“would not excuse her complete failure to maintain contact with the court or, at
1 The parties do not raise any contentions regarding the existence of two different statutes that are basically identical or the fact that K.S. concerned the application of Indiana Code section 31-19-9-18(c) and the present case focuses on the application of Indiana Code section 31-19-10-1.2(g). We, therefore, conclude that the reasoning of K.S. applies equally to the case in front of us.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 9 of 16 the very least, her own attorney and to remain apprised of the status of the
adoption proceedings, of which she was undisputedly aware.” Id.
[17] We find the present case to be very similar to K.S., which provides guidance in
our decision. In K.S., the birth mother filed a motion to contest the adoption
but then failed to maintain contact with her attorney and did not stay apprised
of the adoption proceedings, missing two hearings. Here, Father also filed a
motion to contest the adoption and then proceeded to repeatedly neglect to
participate in the adoption proceedings. Father appeared late to a hearing in
July 2017, and after he was appointed counsel, the trial court specifically
informed Father that it was Father’s obligation to stay in contact with his
counsel and provide her with any necessary information. Tr. at 14. Although
Father was admonished to stay in contact with his counsel, he failed to appear
for a deposition on September 25, 2017. After Grandparents filed a motion to
dismiss Father’s motion to contest the adoption for failure to prosecute, Father
filed a response asserting that he did not appear for the deposition because he
was incarcerated in the Hamilton County Jail. Id. at 36.
[18] Father did attend other hearings in August 2017 and July 2018, but was
incarcerated several times during the proceedings, which necessitated at least
one continuance, further delaying the proceedings. The final hearing in the
adoption case was scheduled for 9 a.m. on Friday, January 4, 2019, and Father
was notified of the hearing and, according to his counsel, was aware of the time
and date of the hearing when she spoke with him the previous day. Tr. at 33.
Father failed to appear at the hearing. Father’s counsel requested a
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 10 of 16 continuance, to which Grandparents objected because Father was aware of the
hearing, which had been set for several months and the matter had been
pending since May 2017. Id. at 34. Grandparents also noted that it was 10:17
a.m., and the hearing had been set to begin at 9:00 a.m. Id. Father’s counsel
had not heard from Father, was not able to present any reason why Father had
failed to appear at the hearing, and was not aware of his whereabouts.
[19] Father’s neglect of the proceedings in the present case is similar to the birth
mother in K.S., where the trial court found that the birth mother’s consent was
not necessary and was irrevocably implied due to her failure to appear at the
final hearing. Here, Father failed to appear at the final hearing without any
explanation or contact with his counsel when he was aware of the time and
date. At the time that he failed to appear, Father’s counsel did not know his
whereabouts or a way of contacting him, although the trial court had previously
informed Father that he must stay in contact with his counsel and provide her
with any information necessary. Tr. at 14. Father alleges that although he was
not present during the hearing, he still appeared at the courthouse during the
scheduled hearing time on the date of the hearing. However, he does not
elaborate as to what actual time he appeared, and his assertion is not supported
by any evidence. During the hearing, Grandparents, in objecting to a
continuance, noted that it was already 10:17 a.m., which was an hour and
seventeen minutes after the scheduled start time of the hearing. We conclude
that the trial court did not err in finding that Father’s consent to the adoption
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 11 of 16 was irrevocably implied due to his failure to appear and his failure to prosecute
the motion without unreasonable delay.
[20] Affirmed.
Altice, J., concurs.
Vaidik, C.J., dissents with separate opinion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 12 of 16 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Adoption of C.A.H., Minor Child, A.C.S., Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No. v. 19A-AD-240
R.S.E. and R.K.E., Appellees-Petitioners.
Vaidik, Chief Judge, dissenting.
[21] I respectfully dissent. I do not believe that the evidence is sufficient to support
the finding that Father failed to prosecute his motion to contest the adoption
without undue delay and therefore impliedly consented to the adoption under
Indiana Code section 31-19-10-1.2(g).
[22] The trial court found that Father’s consent to the adoption was irrevocably
implied because he failed to appear at the final hearing. See Appellant’s App.
Vol. II p. 93 (finding that Section 31-19-10-1.2(g) applies because “[Father] fails
to appear.”). As a result, Grandparents were relieved of the burden of proving
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 13 of 16 that Father failed without justifiable cause to communicate significantly with
Child when able to do so or knowingly failed to provide for the care and
support of Child when able to do so as required by law or judicial decree.
[23] I understand that over the course of this nearly twenty-month litigation, Father
also showed up late to a hearing in July 2017 and missed his scheduled
deposition in September 2017. In this regard I make three observations. One,
these absences were not cited by the trial court to justify its ruling. Two, Father
was legitimately unable to attend his deposition, a fact that Grandparents
themselves recognized when they withdrew their motion to dismiss Father’s
motion to contest the adoption upon learning that Father was in jail at the time
of his deposition. And three, focusing on these two early failings ignores the
subsequent lengthy period—almost sixteen months—in which Father
prosecuted his motion to contest the adoption and established paternity.
[24] In fact, on January 3, the day before the final hearing, Father had “multiple
phone calls” with his attorney and said that he would be at the courthouse the
next day between 8:30 and 8:45 a.m. Tr. p. 33. However, by 10:17 a.m. on
January 4, Father had not appeared at the hearing.2 Father’s attorney requested
2 The final hearing was set for “all day” on January 4. Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 58. Father filed an Indiana Trial Rule 60(B) motion for relief from judgment with the trial court indicating that he woke up late for the final hearing but still appeared at the courthouse during the time scheduled for the hearing. The majority correctly notes that there is no evidence substantiating Father’s claim. This is so because Father filed his Trial Rule 60(B) motion after this appeal was filed and thus no hearing was held regarding Father’s absence from the final hearing.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 14 of 16 a continuance because Father had “appeared to every other hearing” and had
“answered every phone call as of yesterday.” Id. Nevertheless, the trial court
denied the continuance, found that Father’s consent was implied, and issued an
adoption decree.
[25] The majority relies almost exclusively on K.S., but that case is nothing at all like
this case. There, the mother filed a motion to contest the adoption but then
disappeared. In other words, she took no steps to prosecute her claim. Here, in
contrast, Father prosecuted his claim for well over a year before missing the
final hearing. As the majority itself acknowledges, the final hearing was
previously scheduled to occur in July 2018, and Father appeared for that
hearing. However, Mother, who had initially consented to the adoption, told
the trial court that she wanted to withdraw her consent. Accordingly, the trial
court reset the final hearing.
[26] Given the fundamental interests at stake in adoption cases, I believe that more
should be required to find implied consent.3 As our Supreme Court has
emphasized, “Few liberties are as central to our society as the right of parents to
raise their children. Our General Assembly has thus set a high bar for
3 Indiana Code section 31-19-9-12(2) provides that a putative father’s consent to adoption is irrevocably implied if the putative father “having filed a motion to contest the adoption . . ., fails to appear at the hearing set to contest the adoption.” A putative father is a father whose paternity has not yet been established. Because Father’s paternity was established before the final hearing, he was not a putative father. Accordingly, this statute does not apply to him. Further, it makes sense that a lower bar should be set for a putative father as opposed to a father who has gone through the process of establishing paternity.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 15 of 16 terminating parental rights[.]” In re Bi.B., 69 N.E.3d 464, 465 (Ind. 2017); see
also L.G. v. S.L., 76 N.E.3d 157 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017) (holding that the trial
court’s dismissal of the father’s motion to contest the adoption based solely on
his failure to appear at his deposition was unwarranted given the fundamental
interests at stake), summarily aff’d in part, 88 N.E.3d 1069 (Ind. 2018).
[27] Although Father failed to appear at the final hearing, his actions during the
sixteen months leading up to the final hearing—most importantly, his active
participation in the related paternity proceedings—are not the actions of a
parent who is failing to prosecute the motion to contest without undue delay.
[28] In affirming the trial court, the majority sets a dangerous precedent. Under the
majority’s holding, the bar for finding implied consent in adoption cases is set
too low. I would therefore remand this case to the trial court to give Father an
opportunity to contest Grandparents’ allegations that he failed to communicate
with and support Child.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 19A-AD-240 | August 5, 2019 Page 16 of 16