304 Ga. 380 FINAL COPY
S18Z0388. IN THE MATTER OF JOHN ANTHONY MONTESANTI.
PER CURIAM.
John Anthony Montesanti appeals the decision of the Board to
Determine Fitness of Bar Applicants (“Board”) to deny his application for a
certificate of fitness to practice law. For the reasons set forth below, we
affirm the Board’s decision.
The record shows that Montesanti graduated from Florida Coastal
School of Law in 2015 at the age of 67. He commenced his fitness
application for the Florida Bar while enrolled in school, and after a two-and-
one-half year investigation process requiring several amendments to the
application, and after specifications were issued as to why his application
should be denied, Montesanti withdrew his application to the Florida Bar
before the date of a scheduled hearing and before a final determination on his
application. Montesanti then applied to the Georgia Bar for a certificate of
fitness. After several amendments were made to his Georgia application in response to inquiries by the Board, an informal hearing was held. The Board
issued a tentative denial, and issued specifications giving the applicant notice
of the basis for the tentative decision. Montesanti submitted written
responses to the specifications and requested a formal hearing. A hearing
was held on August 16, 2017. Both the Board and Montesanti were
represented by counsel and both presented evidence. The hearing officer
issued proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, and recommended
denial of the application. The applicant filed written objections to the
hearing officer’s recommendation. The Board issued a final denial of
certification dated October 5, 2017, after which Montesanti filed this appeal.
1. Montesanti asserts the written specifications prepared by the
Board’s counsel contained errors and false statements that prejudiced the
Board against him. Even if the specifications contained errors, however, the
record reflects Montesanti was afforded ample opportunity to respond to the
specifications not only in writing but also by presenting evidence at the
hearing, including his own testimony, and the argument of his counsel. He
was afforded the opportunity to cross-examine a witness whose adverse
testimony was presented by the Board’s counsel via telephone. While the
hearing officer’s findings of facts and recommendations are not binding upon the Board or this Court, if there is any evidence to support the Board’s
decision, this Court will uphold it. See In re Baska, 281 Ga. 676, 677 (1)
(641 SE2d 533) (2007). Based upon our examination of the record, we find
ample evidence to support the Board’s decision.
As noted in the hearing officer’s findings, Montesanti demonstrated a
pattern of failing to disclose relevant information to the Board and providing
inconsistent statements to both the Board and the Florida Bar. For example,
Montesanti provided different explanations to the Board for his non-payment
of a judgment against him in a small claims court case — at one stage saying
he forgot to pay and at another point acknowledging he intentionally did not
pay the judgment because he disagreed with it, though he now understands he
was wrong in refusing to pay. The record showed he provided two different
reasons in letters to the Florida Bar for withdrawing his application for
fitness in that state — in one letter stating that he had to withdraw for
financial reasons and in another letter stating he had to withdraw due to an
“undetermined illness.” The record shows that at the informal conference
with the Board, Montesanti stated he did not recall writing the second letter,
didn’t know what he meant by “undetermined illness,” and assured the Board
he was healthy and his health was not the reason he withdrew his application. At the formal hearing, and in his appeal, Montesanti claims his memory and
attention were impaired during the application process by the effects of lack
of sleep because he suffers from sleep apnea. These inconsistencies and
evolving explanations for conduct relevant to the Board’s determination of
fitness demonstrate a lack of candor and honesty. “False, misleading or
evasive answers to bar application questionnaires may be grounds for a
finding of lack of requisite character and fitness.” In re Beasley, 243 Ga. 134,
137 (4) (252 SE2d 615) (1979).
2. One of Montesanti’s grounds for challenging the Board’s denial
of his application is his claim that the Board improperly failed to verify or
corroborate the derogatory statements about his character that were offered
by a former law school professor who supervised his work as an intern at a
public benefits law clinic while he was a student. Because Montesanti
identified this professor as his supervisor at the legal clinic, the Board
forwarded a questionnaire to the professor, and she responded in writing with
negative comments on Montesanti’s character. Although Montesanti
complains that the professor’s response was not disclosed to him, the
specifications served on him prior to the formal hearing identified the
professor and indicated that she had stated she would not recommend Montesanti for a position of trust because he had difficulty relating to others
in a professional manner and was not honest. Montesanti complains that the
scope of the professor’s responses to the questionnaire should have been
limited to his work and conduct at the legal clinic, but instead, her telephonic
testimony at the hearing showed that her negative comments related to
Montesanti’s conduct, and to conversations between the two, after his work
at the clinic was complete and during a period of time when he sought her
advice on the fitness application process.
According to the professor’s testimony, Montesanti acknowledged to
her that he had purposely omitted and withheld information sought by the
Florida Bar in its fitness inquiry, and that he felt it was justifiable for him to
do so, because he did not believe the Bar was entitled to have all the
information it sought. He also asserts the professor’s comments about him
should have been excluded as privileged.1 We find no basis for excluding
this character witness’ testimony as the evidence shows she had personal
knowledge of information relevant to the Board’s inquiry into Montesanti’s
character and fitness to be admitted to the Georgia Bar. Pursuant to Part A,
Section 8 (c) of this Court’s Rules Governing Admission to the Practice of 1
At the hearing, Montesanti raised no objection to the professor’s testimony on privilege grounds, and indeed admitted he did not have an attorney-client relationship with the professor. Law, the hearing officer at a formal hearing on the fitness of an applicant
“shall consider all evidence deemed relevant to the specifications and the
answers, affirmative defenses and matters in mitigation raised by the Board
and the applicant in an effort to discover the truth without undue
embarrassment to the applicant . . . .” With respect to Montesanti’s assertion
that the Board failed to verify or substantiate the witness’ testimony, we note
that his counsel had ample opportunity to cross-examine the witness and to
impeach her testimony. It is the applicant who carries the burden to establish
the requisite character and moral fitness to practice law. See, e.g., In the
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304 Ga. 380 FINAL COPY
S18Z0388. IN THE MATTER OF JOHN ANTHONY MONTESANTI.
PER CURIAM.
John Anthony Montesanti appeals the decision of the Board to
Determine Fitness of Bar Applicants (“Board”) to deny his application for a
certificate of fitness to practice law. For the reasons set forth below, we
affirm the Board’s decision.
The record shows that Montesanti graduated from Florida Coastal
School of Law in 2015 at the age of 67. He commenced his fitness
application for the Florida Bar while enrolled in school, and after a two-and-
one-half year investigation process requiring several amendments to the
application, and after specifications were issued as to why his application
should be denied, Montesanti withdrew his application to the Florida Bar
before the date of a scheduled hearing and before a final determination on his
application. Montesanti then applied to the Georgia Bar for a certificate of
fitness. After several amendments were made to his Georgia application in response to inquiries by the Board, an informal hearing was held. The Board
issued a tentative denial, and issued specifications giving the applicant notice
of the basis for the tentative decision. Montesanti submitted written
responses to the specifications and requested a formal hearing. A hearing
was held on August 16, 2017. Both the Board and Montesanti were
represented by counsel and both presented evidence. The hearing officer
issued proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, and recommended
denial of the application. The applicant filed written objections to the
hearing officer’s recommendation. The Board issued a final denial of
certification dated October 5, 2017, after which Montesanti filed this appeal.
1. Montesanti asserts the written specifications prepared by the
Board’s counsel contained errors and false statements that prejudiced the
Board against him. Even if the specifications contained errors, however, the
record reflects Montesanti was afforded ample opportunity to respond to the
specifications not only in writing but also by presenting evidence at the
hearing, including his own testimony, and the argument of his counsel. He
was afforded the opportunity to cross-examine a witness whose adverse
testimony was presented by the Board’s counsel via telephone. While the
hearing officer’s findings of facts and recommendations are not binding upon the Board or this Court, if there is any evidence to support the Board’s
decision, this Court will uphold it. See In re Baska, 281 Ga. 676, 677 (1)
(641 SE2d 533) (2007). Based upon our examination of the record, we find
ample evidence to support the Board’s decision.
As noted in the hearing officer’s findings, Montesanti demonstrated a
pattern of failing to disclose relevant information to the Board and providing
inconsistent statements to both the Board and the Florida Bar. For example,
Montesanti provided different explanations to the Board for his non-payment
of a judgment against him in a small claims court case — at one stage saying
he forgot to pay and at another point acknowledging he intentionally did not
pay the judgment because he disagreed with it, though he now understands he
was wrong in refusing to pay. The record showed he provided two different
reasons in letters to the Florida Bar for withdrawing his application for
fitness in that state — in one letter stating that he had to withdraw for
financial reasons and in another letter stating he had to withdraw due to an
“undetermined illness.” The record shows that at the informal conference
with the Board, Montesanti stated he did not recall writing the second letter,
didn’t know what he meant by “undetermined illness,” and assured the Board
he was healthy and his health was not the reason he withdrew his application. At the formal hearing, and in his appeal, Montesanti claims his memory and
attention were impaired during the application process by the effects of lack
of sleep because he suffers from sleep apnea. These inconsistencies and
evolving explanations for conduct relevant to the Board’s determination of
fitness demonstrate a lack of candor and honesty. “False, misleading or
evasive answers to bar application questionnaires may be grounds for a
finding of lack of requisite character and fitness.” In re Beasley, 243 Ga. 134,
137 (4) (252 SE2d 615) (1979).
2. One of Montesanti’s grounds for challenging the Board’s denial
of his application is his claim that the Board improperly failed to verify or
corroborate the derogatory statements about his character that were offered
by a former law school professor who supervised his work as an intern at a
public benefits law clinic while he was a student. Because Montesanti
identified this professor as his supervisor at the legal clinic, the Board
forwarded a questionnaire to the professor, and she responded in writing with
negative comments on Montesanti’s character. Although Montesanti
complains that the professor’s response was not disclosed to him, the
specifications served on him prior to the formal hearing identified the
professor and indicated that she had stated she would not recommend Montesanti for a position of trust because he had difficulty relating to others
in a professional manner and was not honest. Montesanti complains that the
scope of the professor’s responses to the questionnaire should have been
limited to his work and conduct at the legal clinic, but instead, her telephonic
testimony at the hearing showed that her negative comments related to
Montesanti’s conduct, and to conversations between the two, after his work
at the clinic was complete and during a period of time when he sought her
advice on the fitness application process.
According to the professor’s testimony, Montesanti acknowledged to
her that he had purposely omitted and withheld information sought by the
Florida Bar in its fitness inquiry, and that he felt it was justifiable for him to
do so, because he did not believe the Bar was entitled to have all the
information it sought. He also asserts the professor’s comments about him
should have been excluded as privileged.1 We find no basis for excluding
this character witness’ testimony as the evidence shows she had personal
knowledge of information relevant to the Board’s inquiry into Montesanti’s
character and fitness to be admitted to the Georgia Bar. Pursuant to Part A,
Section 8 (c) of this Court’s Rules Governing Admission to the Practice of 1
At the hearing, Montesanti raised no objection to the professor’s testimony on privilege grounds, and indeed admitted he did not have an attorney-client relationship with the professor. Law, the hearing officer at a formal hearing on the fitness of an applicant
“shall consider all evidence deemed relevant to the specifications and the
answers, affirmative defenses and matters in mitigation raised by the Board
and the applicant in an effort to discover the truth without undue
embarrassment to the applicant . . . .” With respect to Montesanti’s assertion
that the Board failed to verify or substantiate the witness’ testimony, we note
that his counsel had ample opportunity to cross-examine the witness and to
impeach her testimony. It is the applicant who carries the burden to establish
the requisite character and moral fitness to practice law. See, e.g., In the
Matter of Payne, 289 Ga. 746 (1) (715 SE2d 139) (2011); In re Beasley,
supra, 243 Ga. at 136 (3). That this professor’s opinion about Montesanti’s
character and fitness differed from that of other witnesses, including others
on the law school faculty, simply goes to the weight of the evidence. As
noted above, if there is any evidence to support the Board’s decision, this
Court will uphold it.
3. The primary ground for Montesanti’s challenge to the Board’s
decision is his claim that the Board wrongly failed to make any
accommodation for his claim that, during the application process, he was
suffering from the disability of sleep apnea. Montesanti testified at the hearing that during the application process he received a diagnosis of sleep
apnea, and he presented the sworn affidavit of a physician who reviewed the
results of a sleep study performed on him. This physician opined that
untreated sleep apnea induces, among other things, “inattention, . . . induces
or exacerbates cognitive deficits, [and] increases the likelihood of errors and
accidents.” He further opined that it was more likely than not that omissions
Montesanti made on his Florida and Georgia Bar applications “were
secondary” to his untreated sleep apnea, and that the treatment of this
condition by the wearing of a CPAP machine during sleep had mitigated the
severity of the cognitive deficits caused by the condition of sleep apnea.
According to Montesanti, sleep apnea is recognized as a disability
under the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 USCA § 12101 et seq. Even
assuming, without deciding, that his sleep condition qualifies as a disability
under the Act, Montesanti has failed to demonstrate he is entitled to an
accommodation in the process of determining his character and moral fitness
to practice law in this State. Title II of the ADA protects qualified
individuals with disabilities from discrimination on the basis of disability in
services, programs, and activities provided by state and local government
entities. 42 USCA § 12132. The term “qualified individual with a disability” is a defined term under the Act, meaning “an individual with a
disability who, with or without reasonable modifications to rules, policies, or
practices . . . meets the essential eligibility requirements for the receipt of
services or the participation in programs or activities provided by a public
entity.” 42 USCA § 12131 (2). An applicant to the Georgia Bar is not a
qualified individual for purposes of application of the ADA until he or she is
certified as possessing the character and moral fitness to sit for the bar
examination. Certification of fitness is an essential requirement to make an
applicant eligible to sit for the bar examination. See Rules Governing
Admission to the Practice of Law, supra, at Note from the Office of Bar
Admissions.2
See also Halpern v. Wake Forest Univ. Health Sciences, 669 F3d 454 (4th Cir. 2012). In Halpern, a medical student who had been dismissed from school for unprofessional behavior in his relations with faculty, staff, and fellow students brought an action alleging his dismissal violated the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, § 504 (a), 29 USCA § 794 (a), because, he alleged, the side effects of the medications he took for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorder caused the conduct that was deemed unprofessional. Halpern claimed the medical school failed to make reasonable accommodations for his disability. In its opinion affirming the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the medical school, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals found that “[w]here a professional school has reasonably determined based on an identifiable pattern of prior conduct that a student is unfit to join his chosen profession, federal law does not obligate the school to allow that student to remain in and graduate from its educational program.” Id. at 466-467 (II) (c). Likewise, in this case, we find no violation of the ADA by the Board’s denial of Montesanti’s application for a certificate of fitness to practice law, despite his assertion that his failure to demonstrate the requisite character and moral fitness was caused by a disability that should be accommodated. Fitness determinations require the Board to examine an applicant’s
“innermost feelings and personal views on those aspects of morality,
attention to duty, forthrightness and self-restraint which are usually
associated with the accepted definition of good moral character.” (Citation
and punctuation omitted.) In re Lubonovic, 248 Ga. 243, 245 (3) (282 SE2d
298) (1981). When asked at the hearing if he understood that a condition that
would cause a person to lie or provide false answers would disqualify that
person from being certified as fit to sit for the bar examination, Montesanti
responded affirmatively, but stated that he was now being treated for this
condition. Montesanti essentially asks for a waiver of certification, or an
accommodation from being subjected to an examination of his character and
fitness, based on an alleged inability to be truthful, accurate, and forthcoming
in his bar application disclosures and his professional dealings. All
applicants, however, are held to the same standard for good character and
fitness. To the extent Montesanti is suggesting that his age or alleged sleep
apnea condition caused him to be confused about the type of disclosure
required by the application process, this Court has held that if an applicant
did not understand exactly what disclosure was required, “he should have
contacted the bar admissions office for clarification or at least should have followed the principle urged by the Board throughout the application process
that, when one is in doubt, he or she should disclose.” In the Matter of
Payne, supra, 289 Ga. at 748 (1).
Ample record evidence exists to support the Board’s conclusion that
Montesanti failed to carry the burden of establishing that he possesses the
requisite character and fitness to be a member of the Georgia Bar.
Consequently, we affirm the Board’s decision to deny his application for a
certificate of fitness.
Denial of certification affirmed. Hines, C. J., Melton, P. J., Benham,
Hunstein, Nahmias, Boggs, and Peterson, JJ., concur. Blackwell, J., not
participating. Decided August 27, 2018.
Certification of fitness to practice law.
John C. Sammon, Heidi M. Faenza; Christopher M. Carr, Attorney
General, Rebecca S. Mick, Annette M. Cowart, Russell D. Willard, Senior
Assistant Attorneys General, for Office of Bar Admissions.