Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Aug 06 2014, 9:50 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
RUTH JOHNSON GREGORY F. ZOELLER Marion County Public Defender Agency Attorney General of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana ROBERT J. HENKE JILL M. ACKLIN CHRISTINA D. PACE Acklin Law Office, LLC Deputy Attorneys General Westfield, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA In the Matter of J.K., A Child In Need of Services, ) ) M.K., Father, ) ) Appellant-Respondent, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A02-1312-JC-1008 ) MARION COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHILD ) SERVICES, ) ) Appellee-Petitioner, ) ) and ) ) CHILD ADVOCATES, INC., ) ) Co-Appellee (GAL). )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Marilyn A. Moores, Judge Cause No. 49D09-1305-JC-16154
August 6, 2014 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION KIRSCH, Judge M.K. (“Father”) appeals from the juvenile court’s order adjudicating his child, J.K.,
to be a child in need of services (“CHINS”) and contends that he was denied his due process
right to a fair hearing because the juvenile court judge made alleged derogatory remarks
about the parties.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 20, 2013, the Marion County Department of Child Services (“MCDCS”)
received a report alleging neglect of J.K. The report stated that J.K. lived with her mother,
C.K. (“Mother”), at the home of J.K.’s grandmother. J.K., who was seventeen years old at
the time, worked at Steak ‘n Shake until approximately 9:00 p.m. on the evening of May
16, 2013. J.K. does not usually get home until about 10:30 to 11:30 p.m. because she has
to take two buses to get home. When J.K. arrived at Grandmother’s home at approximately
11:30 p.m., Grandmother had locked her out of the house and would not answer the door
when J.K. banged and kicked at the door. J.K. called Mother, who told J.K. that she would
have to sleep outside because Mother was not coming back to the house that night. J.K.
eventually called a friend to pick her up. J.K. stated that Grandmother did not want her at
the house unless Mother is there. On May 17, 18, and 19, J.K. spoke with Mother, who
said she would not be returning to Grandmother’s house those days, so J.K. stayed with
her friend again those nights. When her friend’s mother called Grandmother on May 20,
2013, Grandmother still refused to allow J.K. to come home. MCDCS removed J.K. and
placed her in foster care.
After speaking with Mother and Father and determining that neither was willing to
cooperate in MCDCS’s investigation, MCDCS filed a petition alleging that J.K. was a 2 CHINS.1 On August 29, 2013, and October 10, 2013, the juvenile court conducted a fact-
finding hearing on the CHINS petition. At the August 29 hearing, Mother submitted her
admission of CHINS and agreement for services. At the conclusion of the October 10
hearing, Father waived his right to a fact-finding hearing, and the juvenile court issued its
order adjudicating J.K. to be a CHINS. On November 7, 2013, the dispositional hearing
was held, and Father failed to appear. The juvenile court entered its dispositional order,
granting wardship of J.K.2 to MCDCS, ordering placement of J.K. with Mother on a trial
home visit, and requiring both Mother and Father to participate in certain reunification
services. Father now appeals. Additional facts will be added as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Father argues that the juvenile court judge made “a number of questionable,
derogatory comments towards both parents, which call into question the fairness of the
proceedings.” Appellant’s Br. at 8. However, Father did not object during the hearings to
any of the challenged comments. The fundamental error exception permits an appellate
court to review a claim that has been waived by a defendant’s failure to raise a
contemporaneous objection. Benefield v. State, 945 N.E.2d 791, 801 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011)
(citing Brown v. State, 929 N.E.2d 204, 207 (Ind. 2010)). “The fundamental error
exception is ‘extremely narrow, and applies only when the error constitutes a blatant
1 Mother admitted that J.K. was a CHINS and does not participate in this appeal. We will, therefore, address facts as to Mother only as necessary to address Father’s arguments. 2 J.K. turned eighteen on April 2, 2014, before the date of filing of Father’s appellate brief. Father contends that this case may, therefore, be moot. However, Indiana Code section 31-30-2-1(a)(1) states that the juvenile court retains jurisdiction over a child adjudicated to be a CHINS and over the parents of such child until the child becomes twenty-one, unless the court discharges the child and the child’s parents at an earlier time. We, therefore, will reach the merits of this case.
3 violation of basic principles, the harm or potential for harm is substantial, and the resulting
error denies the defendant fundamental due process.’” Id. (quoting Mathews v. State, 849
N.E.2d 578, 587 (Ind. 2006)).
Father contends that certain comments made by the juvenile court during the course
of the two-day fact-finding hearing were derogatory toward him and Mother and that such
statements called into question the fairness of the CHINS proceedings. He asserts that the
comments made by the judge “seriously call[ ]the judge’s impartiality into question, which
is a risk to [Father’s] due process right to a fair tribunal.” Appellant’s Br. at 10. Father
further argues that he waived the fact-finding hearing and admitted that J.K. was a CHINS
only after the juvenile court made one of the comments.
Due process protections bar state action that deprives a person of life, liberty, or
property without a fair proceeding. In re G.P., 4 N.E.3d 1158, 1165 (Ind. 2014). Due
process protections at all stages of CHINS proceedings are vital because every CHINS
proceeding has the potential to interfere with the rights of parents in the upbringing of their
children. Id. (citing S.S. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 962 N.E.2d 1249, 1257 (Ind. 2012))
(quotations omitted). “[P]rocedural irregularities . . . in a CHINS proceeding may be of
such import that they deprive a parent of procedural due process with respect to a potential
subsequent termination of parental rights.” In re K.D., 962 N.E.2d 1249, 1258 (Ind. 2012)
(citing In re J.Q., 836 N.E.2d 961, 967 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005)). “It is also a double-edged
sword because not only must we ensure parental due process is upheld, but we also
acknowledge that ‘a primary purpose and function of the [State] is to encourage and
support the integrity and stability of an existing family environment and relationship.’” Id.
4 (quoting Jackson v. Madison Cnty. Dep’t of Family & Children, 690 N.E.2d 792, 793 (Ind.
Ct. App. 1998), trans. denied).
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Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Aug 06 2014, 9:50 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
RUTH JOHNSON GREGORY F. ZOELLER Marion County Public Defender Agency Attorney General of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana ROBERT J. HENKE JILL M. ACKLIN CHRISTINA D. PACE Acklin Law Office, LLC Deputy Attorneys General Westfield, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA In the Matter of J.K., A Child In Need of Services, ) ) M.K., Father, ) ) Appellant-Respondent, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A02-1312-JC-1008 ) MARION COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHILD ) SERVICES, ) ) Appellee-Petitioner, ) ) and ) ) CHILD ADVOCATES, INC., ) ) Co-Appellee (GAL). )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Marilyn A. Moores, Judge Cause No. 49D09-1305-JC-16154
August 6, 2014 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION KIRSCH, Judge M.K. (“Father”) appeals from the juvenile court’s order adjudicating his child, J.K.,
to be a child in need of services (“CHINS”) and contends that he was denied his due process
right to a fair hearing because the juvenile court judge made alleged derogatory remarks
about the parties.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 20, 2013, the Marion County Department of Child Services (“MCDCS”)
received a report alleging neglect of J.K. The report stated that J.K. lived with her mother,
C.K. (“Mother”), at the home of J.K.’s grandmother. J.K., who was seventeen years old at
the time, worked at Steak ‘n Shake until approximately 9:00 p.m. on the evening of May
16, 2013. J.K. does not usually get home until about 10:30 to 11:30 p.m. because she has
to take two buses to get home. When J.K. arrived at Grandmother’s home at approximately
11:30 p.m., Grandmother had locked her out of the house and would not answer the door
when J.K. banged and kicked at the door. J.K. called Mother, who told J.K. that she would
have to sleep outside because Mother was not coming back to the house that night. J.K.
eventually called a friend to pick her up. J.K. stated that Grandmother did not want her at
the house unless Mother is there. On May 17, 18, and 19, J.K. spoke with Mother, who
said she would not be returning to Grandmother’s house those days, so J.K. stayed with
her friend again those nights. When her friend’s mother called Grandmother on May 20,
2013, Grandmother still refused to allow J.K. to come home. MCDCS removed J.K. and
placed her in foster care.
After speaking with Mother and Father and determining that neither was willing to
cooperate in MCDCS’s investigation, MCDCS filed a petition alleging that J.K. was a 2 CHINS.1 On August 29, 2013, and October 10, 2013, the juvenile court conducted a fact-
finding hearing on the CHINS petition. At the August 29 hearing, Mother submitted her
admission of CHINS and agreement for services. At the conclusion of the October 10
hearing, Father waived his right to a fact-finding hearing, and the juvenile court issued its
order adjudicating J.K. to be a CHINS. On November 7, 2013, the dispositional hearing
was held, and Father failed to appear. The juvenile court entered its dispositional order,
granting wardship of J.K.2 to MCDCS, ordering placement of J.K. with Mother on a trial
home visit, and requiring both Mother and Father to participate in certain reunification
services. Father now appeals. Additional facts will be added as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Father argues that the juvenile court judge made “a number of questionable,
derogatory comments towards both parents, which call into question the fairness of the
proceedings.” Appellant’s Br. at 8. However, Father did not object during the hearings to
any of the challenged comments. The fundamental error exception permits an appellate
court to review a claim that has been waived by a defendant’s failure to raise a
contemporaneous objection. Benefield v. State, 945 N.E.2d 791, 801 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011)
(citing Brown v. State, 929 N.E.2d 204, 207 (Ind. 2010)). “The fundamental error
exception is ‘extremely narrow, and applies only when the error constitutes a blatant
1 Mother admitted that J.K. was a CHINS and does not participate in this appeal. We will, therefore, address facts as to Mother only as necessary to address Father’s arguments. 2 J.K. turned eighteen on April 2, 2014, before the date of filing of Father’s appellate brief. Father contends that this case may, therefore, be moot. However, Indiana Code section 31-30-2-1(a)(1) states that the juvenile court retains jurisdiction over a child adjudicated to be a CHINS and over the parents of such child until the child becomes twenty-one, unless the court discharges the child and the child’s parents at an earlier time. We, therefore, will reach the merits of this case.
3 violation of basic principles, the harm or potential for harm is substantial, and the resulting
error denies the defendant fundamental due process.’” Id. (quoting Mathews v. State, 849
N.E.2d 578, 587 (Ind. 2006)).
Father contends that certain comments made by the juvenile court during the course
of the two-day fact-finding hearing were derogatory toward him and Mother and that such
statements called into question the fairness of the CHINS proceedings. He asserts that the
comments made by the judge “seriously call[ ]the judge’s impartiality into question, which
is a risk to [Father’s] due process right to a fair tribunal.” Appellant’s Br. at 10. Father
further argues that he waived the fact-finding hearing and admitted that J.K. was a CHINS
only after the juvenile court made one of the comments.
Due process protections bar state action that deprives a person of life, liberty, or
property without a fair proceeding. In re G.P., 4 N.E.3d 1158, 1165 (Ind. 2014). Due
process protections at all stages of CHINS proceedings are vital because every CHINS
proceeding has the potential to interfere with the rights of parents in the upbringing of their
children. Id. (citing S.S. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 962 N.E.2d 1249, 1257 (Ind. 2012))
(quotations omitted). “[P]rocedural irregularities . . . in a CHINS proceeding may be of
such import that they deprive a parent of procedural due process with respect to a potential
subsequent termination of parental rights.” In re K.D., 962 N.E.2d 1249, 1258 (Ind. 2012)
(citing In re J.Q., 836 N.E.2d 961, 967 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005)). “It is also a double-edged
sword because not only must we ensure parental due process is upheld, but we also
acknowledge that ‘a primary purpose and function of the [State] is to encourage and
support the integrity and stability of an existing family environment and relationship.’” Id.
4 (quoting Jackson v. Madison Cnty. Dep’t of Family & Children, 690 N.E.2d 792, 793 (Ind.
Ct. App. 1998), trans. denied).
A trial before an impartial judge is an essential element of due process. Stellwag v.
State, 854 N.E.2d 64, 65 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (citing Ruggieri v. State, 804 N.E.2d 859,
863 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004)). To assess whether the trial judge has crossed the barrier of
impartiality, a court on review examines both the trial judge’s actions and demeanor. Id.
at 66. However, a trial judge must be given latitude to run the courtroom and maintain
discipline and control of the trial. Id.
On rare occasions, the comments of a judge have been found to constitute
fundamental error. Id. See e.g., Kennedy v. State, 258 Ind. 211, 226-27, 280 N.E.2d 611,
620-21 (1972); Decker v. State, 515 N.E.2d 1129, 1131-32 (Ind. Ct. App. 1987). However,
not every alleged errant comment made by a trial judge will entitle a defendant to review
for fundamental error, thus avoiding the necessity for a contemporaneous objection.
Stellwag, 854 N.E.2d at 66.
In the present case, the record shows that Mother and Father were attempting to use
the juvenile court as a vehicle to determine custody issues in their dissolution proceedings.
Instead of focusing on the needs of J.K., Mother and Father were focusing on their marital
disputes and dragging J.K. into the middle. Specifically, after an exchange regarding the
fact that when J.K. is staying at Father’s he does not allow her to talk to Mother, the juvenile
court asked how it was relevant to the CHINS case and wanted to know if Father was going
to admit J.K. was a CHINS or proceed with the hearing because the juvenile court was not
the proper court to determine the dissolution proceedings. Tr. at 8-9. The juvenile court
made the following comment: 5 . . . guys this is not what this Court is for. This is not what tax payer’s services are for. We have people who are writing their names on children with lit cigarettes. That is what the resources of this Court are for and not because you’re living with people she [sic], that have too much drama and you’re living with somebody else who creates drama for her in the middle of this and shame on grandmother for locking her out. What kind of crazy person locks a kid out on the streets in this world, in this day and age? It’s not like she’s out running around, she’s working for god sake. Now, this is completely ridiculous and retarded.
Id. at 9. The juvenile court then ordered Mother and Father to mediation to attempt to
determine where J.K. should live. The juvenile court then stated: “We have crack positive
babies, we have mothers who are leaving their children where nobody knows where they
are. This is a divorce and it’s being poorly handled. Are you guys represented by attorneys
in your divorce?” Id. at 10. Before a mediation date was set, a further exchange occurred,
where Mother discussed the reason why she could not get a place of her own and how she
had not received child support for a period of time. Id. at 11-13. The court again requested
a mediation date be set and further stated:
Give me a mediation date. I’m not . . .I can’t make people behave. I can put them in jail if they don’t, but I can’t make them behave and you guys have baggage here that is not appropriate baggage for our Court. We have real, genuine human problems. The only person in this courtroom who has that is poor [J.K.] who’s caught in the middle of your guy’s mess. Now. It’s a mess and I’m not saying . . . she didn’t pick either of you. Okay. All she did is show up on earth and try to be a good kid and not cause any problems and she gets pulled both ways. You have to understand that. It is not fair, it is not right, what’s our date.
Id. at 14-15.
When read in context of what occurred at the hearing, the juvenile court’s statements
do not call into question the judge’s impartiality or constitute a violation of Father’s right
to a fair tribunal. The court was attempting to make Mother and Father understand that the
juvenile court was not a place for them to argue their dissolution case or air out their 6 domestic relations issues. The court was merely trying to get Mother and Father to
recognize that the CHINS proceeding was not the place to use J.K. as a pawn in their
domestic relations issues but, instead, was a place to provide J.K. with the services that she
needed.
On the second day of the fact-finding hearing, which took place after mediation
failed to result in an agreement between Mother and Father, the juvenile court asked J.K.
to state her preference for where she wanted to be placed. After J.K. stated what she
believed would be best to keep the peace between her parents, the juvenile court stated:
“[D]o you hear the wisdom of your daughter, the seventeen year old, that neither of you
knuckles head [sic] can get this done, shame on both of you.” Tr. at 22-23. A discussion
then ensued about how J.K. would get to her present high school if she lived with Father,
with Father informing the court that he was not able to transport J.K. The juvenile court
then told MCDCS to look into whether J.K. could be transported by bus to school from
Father’s house if J.K. was placed with Father under the CHINS case. As the juvenile court
was adjudicating J.K. to be a CHINS, Father informed the court that he did not agree that
J.K. was a CHINS. Id. at 27. The following exchange then occurred:
Father’s Attorney: Your honor, before we get to [sic] far afield, um, Father still avers that [J.K.] is not a [CHINS] based on if he has placement that she doesn’t need services.
Court: Well, if that were the case then he’d be able to provide her transportation to school wouldn’t he?
Father’s Attorney: Not necessarily, your honor. As you said the school system . . .
Court: Hopefully, that’s the case.
Father’s Attorney: . . . must do that but he doesn’t believe . . . 7 Court: Well no, only if she is placed by court order. They won’t do it if she, if he just gets custody. They want [won’t] do it, that’s the reason I’m keeping the case open. If I were you I’d waive fact-finding otherwise you’re going to find your butt finding a new job. I’ll be happy to give you what you want sir and I will order custody to you and then you will be responsible for ensuring that she gets to school every day. Do you want to do that? We can play that game. They only do it for kids in foster care and in court-ordered placements, they don’t do it for others.
Father: That’s fine she’s . . .
Court: It’s 5:30 sir . . .
Father: . . . a [CHINS].
Id. at 27-28.
Father contends that this exchange made him waive the fact-finding hearing and
admit that J.K. was a CHINS. In the exchange, the juvenile court was attempting to inform
Father that the school system only arranges transportation from one school district to
another when MCDCS, under its parens patriae authority, arranges and the court orders it
under a CHINS case. See Ind. Code § 31-34-15-4(7)(B); Ind. Code § 31-34-20-5.
Therefore, in the present case, if there was no CHINS adjudication and involvement, no
school transportation could be obtained. Additionally, Father had told the court that he
was not able to transport J.K. to her school due to his work, which could make it necessary
for him to find a new job if he had custody of J.K. and was responsible for ensuring she
was transported to school every day or face further state involvement for failing to address
J.K.’s educational needs.
8 Although the juvenile court judge’s statements may have been blunt, they were
made to make Father aware that, even if J.K. was placed in his care, she was a CHINS
because Father was unable to transport her to school and she required services for
transportation. The statement did not indicate a bias or prejudice against Father, merely a
desire to ensure that J.K. could attend her school. The juvenile court’s statement also does
not indicate that the court made Father admit that J.K. was a CHINS. Instead, when Father
admitted that he could not provide transportation for J.K. to get her to school, this was an
implicit admission that J.K. was a CHINS and required court-ordered intervention to be
able to have the school system ordered to provide transportation to J.K.’s school. We
conclude that no fundamental error occurred in the present case.
Affirmed.
MAY, J., and BAILEY, J., concur.