IN THE TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-21-00108-CV
IN THE INTEREST OF S.T.F. AND T.T.F., CHILDREN
From the 74th District Court McLennan County, Texas Trial Court No. 2019-3526-3
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Lakisha F. appeals from the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights to
her children, S.T.F. and T.T.F.1 After hearing all the evidence, the trial court found by
clear and convincing evidence that Lakisha (1) knowingly placed or knowingly allowed
the children to remain in conditions or surroundings that endanger the children, (2)
engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in
conduct that endangers the children, (3) constructively abandoned the children who have
been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department of
1The trial court also terminated the parental rights of the father of S.T.F. and T.T.F. He is not a party to this appeal. Family and Protective Services for not less than six months, and (4) failed to comply with
the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for her
to obtain the return of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (b) (1) (D) (E) (N) (O)
(West). The trial court further found by clear and convincing evidence that termination
was in the best interest of the children. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (b) (2) (West). We
affirm.
BACKGROUND FACTS
The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (The Department)
became involved with S.T.F. and T.T.F. when the father of the children evaded from the
police with T.T.F. in the vehicle. At that time S.T.F. was thirteen years-old and T.T.F. was
five years-old. S.T.F. reported that both of her parents smoked marijuana. Lakisha
admitted at that time that she smoked marijuana laced with cocaine. Both S.T.F. and T.T.
F. tested positive for cocaine and were removed from the home.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Lakisha argues in her sole issue on appeal that the evidence is legally and factually
insufficient to support the trial court’s finding that termination is in the best interest of
the children. In conducting a legal sufficiency review in a parental termination case:
[A] court should look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true. To give appropriate deference to the factfinder's conclusion and the role of a court conducting a legal sufficiency review, looking at the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment means that a reviewing court must assume that the In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 2 factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable factfinder could do so. A corollary to this requirement is that a court should disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could have disbelieved or found to be incredible. This does not mean that a court must disregard all evidence that does not support the finding. Disregarding undisputed facts that do not support the finding could skew the analysis of whether there is clear and convincing evidence.
In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005) (per curiam) (quoting In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d
256, 266 (Tex. 2002)) (emphasis in J.P.B.).
In a factual sufficiency review,
[A] court of appeals must give due consideration to evidence that the factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing.... [T]he inquiry must be "whether the evidence is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the truth of the State's allegations." A court of appeals should consider whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could not have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its finding. If, in light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually insufficient.
In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266-67 (Tex. 2002) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex.
2002)) (internal footnotes omitted) (alterations added).
BEST INTEREST
In determining the best interest of a child, a number of factors have been
considered, including (1) the desires of the child; (2) the emotional and physical needs of
the child now and in the future; (3) the emotional and physical danger to the child now
and in the future; (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody; (5) the
In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 3 programs available to assist these individuals; (6) the plans for the child by these
individuals; (7) the stability of the home; (8) the acts or omissions of the parent that may
indicate the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one; and (9) any excuse for
the acts or omissions of the parent. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 372 (Tex.1976); In re
S.L., 421 S.W.3d 34, 38 (Tex. App. —Waco 2013, no pet.). The Holley factors focus on the
best interest of the child, not the best interest of the parent. In re S.L., 421 S.W.3d at 38.
The goal of establishing a stable permanent home for a child is a compelling state interest.
Id. The need for permanence is a paramount consideration for a child's present and future
physical and emotional needs. Id.
The record shows that both S.T.F. and T.T.F. have indicated they want to return
home to their mother. S.T.F. and T.T.F. are not currently placed together, and they have
a strong desire to be together. There was testimony at trial that the only hope of the girls
being placed together would be if Lakisha’s parental rights were terminated.
Both S.T.F. and T.T.F. have serious emotional and physical needs. S.T.F. is
currently in a residential treatment center. She has been in multiple residential treatment
centers since being removed from the home because of her behavior issues. She has run
away from the treatment centers on several occasions, and she exhibits aggressive
behavior. T.T.F. is currently placed in a group home. T.T.F. also exhibits aggressive
behavior. Both children need specialized care and intensive supervision. The
Department is providing the care needed for the children. The children are improving,
In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 4 and the goal is to lower their level of care so that they can be placed in a foster home.
S.T.F. and T.T.F. are making improvements in their current placements.
There was testimony at trial that Lakisha is unable to meet the emotional and
physical needs of the children. Lakisha continued to use drugs after the children were
removed. There was testimony that she has used drugs for twenty-five years. The
Department became involved with Lakisha in 2000 in a case involving her two older
children, which started when one of the children was found unconscious with drugs in
his system. During this case, both S.T.F. and T.T. F tested positive for cocaine. Lakisha
has not been able to overcome her drug use.
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IN THE TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-21-00108-CV
IN THE INTEREST OF S.T.F. AND T.T.F., CHILDREN
From the 74th District Court McLennan County, Texas Trial Court No. 2019-3526-3
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Lakisha F. appeals from the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights to
her children, S.T.F. and T.T.F.1 After hearing all the evidence, the trial court found by
clear and convincing evidence that Lakisha (1) knowingly placed or knowingly allowed
the children to remain in conditions or surroundings that endanger the children, (2)
engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in
conduct that endangers the children, (3) constructively abandoned the children who have
been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department of
1The trial court also terminated the parental rights of the father of S.T.F. and T.T.F. He is not a party to this appeal. Family and Protective Services for not less than six months, and (4) failed to comply with
the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for her
to obtain the return of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (b) (1) (D) (E) (N) (O)
(West). The trial court further found by clear and convincing evidence that termination
was in the best interest of the children. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (b) (2) (West). We
affirm.
BACKGROUND FACTS
The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (The Department)
became involved with S.T.F. and T.T.F. when the father of the children evaded from the
police with T.T.F. in the vehicle. At that time S.T.F. was thirteen years-old and T.T.F. was
five years-old. S.T.F. reported that both of her parents smoked marijuana. Lakisha
admitted at that time that she smoked marijuana laced with cocaine. Both S.T.F. and T.T.
F. tested positive for cocaine and were removed from the home.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Lakisha argues in her sole issue on appeal that the evidence is legally and factually
insufficient to support the trial court’s finding that termination is in the best interest of
the children. In conducting a legal sufficiency review in a parental termination case:
[A] court should look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true. To give appropriate deference to the factfinder's conclusion and the role of a court conducting a legal sufficiency review, looking at the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment means that a reviewing court must assume that the In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 2 factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable factfinder could do so. A corollary to this requirement is that a court should disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could have disbelieved or found to be incredible. This does not mean that a court must disregard all evidence that does not support the finding. Disregarding undisputed facts that do not support the finding could skew the analysis of whether there is clear and convincing evidence.
In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005) (per curiam) (quoting In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d
256, 266 (Tex. 2002)) (emphasis in J.P.B.).
In a factual sufficiency review,
[A] court of appeals must give due consideration to evidence that the factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing.... [T]he inquiry must be "whether the evidence is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the truth of the State's allegations." A court of appeals should consider whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could not have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its finding. If, in light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually insufficient.
In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266-67 (Tex. 2002) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex.
2002)) (internal footnotes omitted) (alterations added).
BEST INTEREST
In determining the best interest of a child, a number of factors have been
considered, including (1) the desires of the child; (2) the emotional and physical needs of
the child now and in the future; (3) the emotional and physical danger to the child now
and in the future; (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody; (5) the
In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 3 programs available to assist these individuals; (6) the plans for the child by these
individuals; (7) the stability of the home; (8) the acts or omissions of the parent that may
indicate the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one; and (9) any excuse for
the acts or omissions of the parent. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 372 (Tex.1976); In re
S.L., 421 S.W.3d 34, 38 (Tex. App. —Waco 2013, no pet.). The Holley factors focus on the
best interest of the child, not the best interest of the parent. In re S.L., 421 S.W.3d at 38.
The goal of establishing a stable permanent home for a child is a compelling state interest.
Id. The need for permanence is a paramount consideration for a child's present and future
physical and emotional needs. Id.
The record shows that both S.T.F. and T.T.F. have indicated they want to return
home to their mother. S.T.F. and T.T.F. are not currently placed together, and they have
a strong desire to be together. There was testimony at trial that the only hope of the girls
being placed together would be if Lakisha’s parental rights were terminated.
Both S.T.F. and T.T.F. have serious emotional and physical needs. S.T.F. is
currently in a residential treatment center. She has been in multiple residential treatment
centers since being removed from the home because of her behavior issues. She has run
away from the treatment centers on several occasions, and she exhibits aggressive
behavior. T.T.F. is currently placed in a group home. T.T.F. also exhibits aggressive
behavior. Both children need specialized care and intensive supervision. The
Department is providing the care needed for the children. The children are improving,
In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 4 and the goal is to lower their level of care so that they can be placed in a foster home.
S.T.F. and T.T.F. are making improvements in their current placements.
There was testimony at trial that Lakisha is unable to meet the emotional and
physical needs of the children. Lakisha continued to use drugs after the children were
removed. There was testimony that she has used drugs for twenty-five years. The
Department became involved with Lakisha in 2000 in a case involving her two older
children, which started when one of the children was found unconscious with drugs in
his system. During this case, both S.T.F. and T.T. F tested positive for cocaine. Lakisha
has not been able to overcome her drug use. She was dismissed from her drug treatment
program for non-attendance.
In the appellate brief, the attorney for Lakisha concedes that she is not a proper
placement for the children. There was testimony that she is unable to get control of her
life to parent her children and that she is unable to recognize the needs of her children.
Lakisha does not have housing for herself or for the children. She has been living in
motels, and she has also been homeless. Lakisha has not maintained stable employment
to care for the children. The trial court noted that at the request of the attorney ad litem
for the children, Lakisha was given more time to comply with the service plan, but during
that time she “barely lifted a finger” to make any improvements. We find that the
evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s finding that
In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 5 termination of Lakisha’s parental rights is in the best interest of the children. We overrule
the sole issue on appeal.
CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s order terminating the parental rights of Lakisha to her
children, S.T.F. and T.T.F.
TOM GRAY Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray, Justice Johnson, and Justice Wright2 Affirmed Opinion delivered and filed September 1, 2021 [CV06]
2 The Honorable Jim R. Wright, Senior Chief Justice (Retired) of the Eleventh Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment of the Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court. See TEX. GOV'T CODE §§ 74.003, 75.002, 75.003.
In the Interest of S.T.F. and T.T.F. Page 6