IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 20-0455 Filed June 3, 2020
IN THE INTEREST OF S.H., Minor Child,
B.H., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Crawford County, Mary L. Timko,
Associate Juvenile Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child.
AFFIRMED.
Thomas E. Gustafson of Gustafson Law Firm, Denison, for appellant
mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Ellen Ramsey-Kacena, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Martha A. Sibbel of Law Office of Martha Sibbel, PLC, Carroll, attorney and
guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., Mullins, J., and Mahan, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206
(2020). 2
MAHAN, Senior Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to one of her
children, born in 2017.1 She contends the State failed to prove the grounds for
termination cited by the juvenile court and the juvenile court should have granted
her additional time to work toward reunification. We affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
This family came to the attention of the department of human services in
June 2018, due to concerns of methamphetamine use by the mother and S.H.’s
father in the presence of S.H. and the mother’s three older children. The children
were removed from the home and adjudicated in need of assistance.
The department implemented rehabilitative services, including supervised
visitation; family safety, risk, and permanency services; mental-health evaluations
and treatment; substance-abuse evaluations and treatment; and drug screens.
The court entered a no-contact order between the mother and the father. The
mother was arrested a number of times for violating the no-contact order, and she
asked for it to be dismissed. The mother was also arrested for assaulting the
father’s girlfriend. The mother’s visitation plan became more restrictive due to
“chaos and drama caused by the parents, including their treatment of the
[children’s] relative placements.” At the adjudicatory hearing in September 2018,
the department caseworker opined the parents had not “thus far indicated a
willingness toward making positive changes in their lives.”
1 The parental rights of child’s father were terminated in April 2019. 3
The mother completed a substance-abuse evaluation, and she was
recommended to participate in extended outpatient treatment. A few weeks later,
she was brought to the emergency room with an alcohol-induced seizure. The
mother reported she “did not know for sure” if she had used any substances
besides alcohol because she “was too intoxicated.” The mother emphasized the
children were not present during this incident. In an October dispositional order,
the court ordered the mother to “follow all recommendations” of her mental-health
and substance-abuse evaluations.
By the time of the permanency hearing in January 2019, the department
caseworker was “uncertain” where the mother was living. The mother was
unemployed. The mother had reported incidents of violence by the father, but she
continued to spend time with him and a group of other friends whom the
caseworker believed “would negatively impact anyone’s ability to remain clean and
sober.” The mother had been unsuccessfully discharged from substance-abuse
treatment for “nonattendance.” She failed to attend drug testing from November
2018 through January 2019, and thereafter admitted she had been “drinking
heavily” and using methamphetamine. However, the mother was “fairly consistent”
with attending her visits with the children. The caseworker noted the mother had
“shown that she has the skills to appropriately parent her children,” but that “little
progress” had been made toward reunification.
The State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights in
February 2019. Around that time, the mother entered a domestic violence shelter.
She progressed to unsupervised visits with the children, which took place at the
shelter. The mother was attending a dual program to address her mental-health 4
and substance-abuse issues, and she completed a drug test in February that was
negative for all substances. The court continued the termination hearing due to
the mother’s progress and cooperation with services.
The court again continued the termination hearing in July. Around that time,
the mother moved into an apartment. The court noted concerns with the mother’s
continued contact with the father as well as her contact with another male, M.L., a
known drug user who was “not a good influence.” But in September, despite those
concerns, the court ordered S.H.’s older siblings to be placed with the mother
under the department’s supervision. The court declined to place S.H. with the
mother “given [S.H.’s] age and the need to provide appropriately for her safety.”
S.H. was described as a “high-risk child” with special medical needs due to being
born prematurely and having Williams Syndrome, which resulted in her having
open-heart surgery and needing a feeding tube. However, the mother’s visits with
S.H. were increased to Monday through Friday. The court prohibited any person
from residing in the mother’s home without the prior approval of the department
and the guardian ad litem. The court warned that “[a]dditional concerning
information may result in the children being again removed from their mother’s
care.”
Unfortunately, this arrangement was short lived. In early November, the
older children were removed from the mother’s care following an incident with M.L.
and the mother at home that required police intervention. The mother admitted
she had relapsed on alcohol and methamphetamine. She acknowledged she had
allowed M.L. to stay in the apartment contrary to the court’s order. Also around 5
this time, the mother was evicted from the apartment due to “the high amount of
traffic in and out” and people living there who were “not on the lease.”
The mother entered a homeless shelter, but she was kicked out after
approximately one month. For the next week, the mother stayed with friends and
used drugs. On December 30, 2019, the mother entered a women and children’s
center. The department caseworker believed the mother “entered the facility
because she was homeless and desperate for a warm place to stay, not because
she is ready to address her addiction.”
The termination hearing took place on January 16, 2020. The record before
the juvenile court indicated S.H. had been removed from the mother’s care since
July 2018, and the original concerns regarding the mother’s substance abuse and
“unhealthy” relationships remained. The mother testified the father and M.L.
caused her to “get[] involved with drugs and mak[e] them more of a priority than
what I have my own life decisions and my kids,” but “I can already tell, like, a
difference in myself starting already.” She requested additional time to work
toward reunification. The department and guardian ad litem recommended
termination of the mother’s parental rights.
Following the termination hearing, the court entered its order terminating
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 20-0455 Filed June 3, 2020
IN THE INTEREST OF S.H., Minor Child,
B.H., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Crawford County, Mary L. Timko,
Associate Juvenile Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child.
AFFIRMED.
Thomas E. Gustafson of Gustafson Law Firm, Denison, for appellant
mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Ellen Ramsey-Kacena, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Martha A. Sibbel of Law Office of Martha Sibbel, PLC, Carroll, attorney and
guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., Mullins, J., and Mahan, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206
(2020). 2
MAHAN, Senior Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to one of her
children, born in 2017.1 She contends the State failed to prove the grounds for
termination cited by the juvenile court and the juvenile court should have granted
her additional time to work toward reunification. We affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
This family came to the attention of the department of human services in
June 2018, due to concerns of methamphetamine use by the mother and S.H.’s
father in the presence of S.H. and the mother’s three older children. The children
were removed from the home and adjudicated in need of assistance.
The department implemented rehabilitative services, including supervised
visitation; family safety, risk, and permanency services; mental-health evaluations
and treatment; substance-abuse evaluations and treatment; and drug screens.
The court entered a no-contact order between the mother and the father. The
mother was arrested a number of times for violating the no-contact order, and she
asked for it to be dismissed. The mother was also arrested for assaulting the
father’s girlfriend. The mother’s visitation plan became more restrictive due to
“chaos and drama caused by the parents, including their treatment of the
[children’s] relative placements.” At the adjudicatory hearing in September 2018,
the department caseworker opined the parents had not “thus far indicated a
willingness toward making positive changes in their lives.”
1 The parental rights of child’s father were terminated in April 2019. 3
The mother completed a substance-abuse evaluation, and she was
recommended to participate in extended outpatient treatment. A few weeks later,
she was brought to the emergency room with an alcohol-induced seizure. The
mother reported she “did not know for sure” if she had used any substances
besides alcohol because she “was too intoxicated.” The mother emphasized the
children were not present during this incident. In an October dispositional order,
the court ordered the mother to “follow all recommendations” of her mental-health
and substance-abuse evaluations.
By the time of the permanency hearing in January 2019, the department
caseworker was “uncertain” where the mother was living. The mother was
unemployed. The mother had reported incidents of violence by the father, but she
continued to spend time with him and a group of other friends whom the
caseworker believed “would negatively impact anyone’s ability to remain clean and
sober.” The mother had been unsuccessfully discharged from substance-abuse
treatment for “nonattendance.” She failed to attend drug testing from November
2018 through January 2019, and thereafter admitted she had been “drinking
heavily” and using methamphetamine. However, the mother was “fairly consistent”
with attending her visits with the children. The caseworker noted the mother had
“shown that she has the skills to appropriately parent her children,” but that “little
progress” had been made toward reunification.
The State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights in
February 2019. Around that time, the mother entered a domestic violence shelter.
She progressed to unsupervised visits with the children, which took place at the
shelter. The mother was attending a dual program to address her mental-health 4
and substance-abuse issues, and she completed a drug test in February that was
negative for all substances. The court continued the termination hearing due to
the mother’s progress and cooperation with services.
The court again continued the termination hearing in July. Around that time,
the mother moved into an apartment. The court noted concerns with the mother’s
continued contact with the father as well as her contact with another male, M.L., a
known drug user who was “not a good influence.” But in September, despite those
concerns, the court ordered S.H.’s older siblings to be placed with the mother
under the department’s supervision. The court declined to place S.H. with the
mother “given [S.H.’s] age and the need to provide appropriately for her safety.”
S.H. was described as a “high-risk child” with special medical needs due to being
born prematurely and having Williams Syndrome, which resulted in her having
open-heart surgery and needing a feeding tube. However, the mother’s visits with
S.H. were increased to Monday through Friday. The court prohibited any person
from residing in the mother’s home without the prior approval of the department
and the guardian ad litem. The court warned that “[a]dditional concerning
information may result in the children being again removed from their mother’s
care.”
Unfortunately, this arrangement was short lived. In early November, the
older children were removed from the mother’s care following an incident with M.L.
and the mother at home that required police intervention. The mother admitted
she had relapsed on alcohol and methamphetamine. She acknowledged she had
allowed M.L. to stay in the apartment contrary to the court’s order. Also around 5
this time, the mother was evicted from the apartment due to “the high amount of
traffic in and out” and people living there who were “not on the lease.”
The mother entered a homeless shelter, but she was kicked out after
approximately one month. For the next week, the mother stayed with friends and
used drugs. On December 30, 2019, the mother entered a women and children’s
center. The department caseworker believed the mother “entered the facility
because she was homeless and desperate for a warm place to stay, not because
she is ready to address her addiction.”
The termination hearing took place on January 16, 2020. The record before
the juvenile court indicated S.H. had been removed from the mother’s care since
July 2018, and the original concerns regarding the mother’s substance abuse and
“unhealthy” relationships remained. The mother testified the father and M.L.
caused her to “get[] involved with drugs and mak[e] them more of a priority than
what I have my own life decisions and my kids,” but “I can already tell, like, a
difference in myself starting already.” She requested additional time to work
toward reunification. The department and guardian ad litem recommended
termination of the mother’s parental rights.
Following the termination hearing, the court entered its order terminating
the mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2019).
The mother appeals.
II. Standard of Review
Appellate review of termination-of-parental-rights proceedings is de novo.
In re L.T., 924 N.W.2d 521, 526 (Iowa 2019). Our primary consideration is the
best interests of the child, In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa 2006), the 6
defining elements of which are the child’s safety and need for a permanent
home. In re H.S., 805 N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 2011).
III. Discussion
The mother challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the basis
for termination cited by the juvenile court. The court terminated the mother’s
parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h), which requires proof
of several elements conceded by the mother, as well as proof the child could not
be returned to her custody. The mother contends the evidence did not establish
S.H. could not be returned to her care at the present time.
The mother acknowledges she “has made poor choices as to her
relationships with men,” but she claims she should not lose her parental rights to
S.H. “as a result of being a victim of domestic violence.” Sadly, the tone of the
mother’s contention on appeal is consistent with her mantra throughout this case.
At the termination hearing, as she had repeatedly stated before, the mother
testified the father and M.L. were the cause of her drug use, the violence in her
home, and her “poor choices” in regard to her children. But she also testified her
methamphetamine use “caused [her] to associate with people like” the father and
M.L. And she claimed that caseworkers and authority figures were out to get her
and “lying” in their reports. This revolving circle of blame resulted in the mother
failing to take responsibility for the impact her actions had on her children. The
juvenile court observed, “[The mother] tends to say what she thinks will get her out
of a jam. It is unfortunate that she did not learn that telling the truth would have
helped her so much more.” 7
We commend the mother for her progress in the two weeks prior to the
termination hearing, and we acknowledge her testimony that she “learned how to
depict red flags in men that are in the circle of domestic violence.” But the mother’s
recent gain of insight did not amount to a showing that she had the protective
capabilities required for reunification with her children, particularly one as
“medically fragile” as S.H. The juvenile court stated:
[The mother]’s testimony at the termination of parental rights hearing was full of hedging, outright lying, and lacked any insight. She continued to blame everyone else for the predicament in which she found herself, especially [the department caseworker]. [The mother] failed to understand that it was because of [the department caseworker]’s and [the guardian ad litem]’s abundant amount of patience with [her] that her parental rights to [S.H.] were not already terminated. [S.H.] had lived with [the mother] only eight out of 26 months of her life. Despite her continued engagement in domestic violence, lack of consistent housing, general unemployment, subjection of her children to negative influences, and continued concerns regarding [the mother]’s drug and alcohol use in combination with [her] inattentiveness to [S.H.]’s medical needs, [the department caseworker] went above and beyond to provide efforts to reunite [S.H.] and her siblings with [the mother]. Even though [the department caseworker] had to wade through the lies and manipulation of the truth, she still held out some hope for [the mother] until it was crystal clear that [the mother] was unable to be a safe mother for [S.H.] and that there are no reasonable possibilities that she will ever be able to have [S.H.] returned to her care.
We concur in the court’s finding that the child could not be returned to the
mother’s custody at the time of the termination hearing. Iowa Code section
232.116(1)(h) was satisfied.
The mother also claims that “given all the circumstances she has faced in
regard to domestic violence, that additional time should have been granted to her
to continue receiving therapy and counseling . . . and effectively deal with those
problems and establish that she can have and should have [S.H.] back in her care 8
and custody.” The department caseworker opined the mother would be in no
position to care for the child within any reasonable amount of time, because
“[w]hen [the mother] is unable to take any responsibility for the things that have
gone wrong, then she’s unable to correct any mistakes she’s made, so those things
just continually happen.” As the court stated, “Time is a critical element,” and
“[p]atience has run out. We are no closer to full return of [S.H.] to [the mother]’s
care than we were 18 months ago.” Under these facts and circumstances, we do
not find the court erred in denying the mother’s request for an extension.
Termination also must serve the child’s best interests. See Iowa Code
§ 232.116(2). For the reasons set forth above, we conclude termination is in the
child’s best interests, and no permissive statutory exception should be applied to
preclude termination. We affirm the decision of the juvenile court to terminate the
mother’s parental rights.