IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 18-2142 Filed June 19, 2019
IN THE INTEREST OF S.A., Minor Child,
M.A., Father, Appellant,
T.K., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Romonda Belcher,
District Associate Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
Jeremy M. Evans of Carr Law Firm, P.L.C., Des Moines, for appellant
father.
Stephen K. Allison, Berwick, and Shawn Smith, Ames, for appellant
mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathryn K. Lang, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
ConGarry D. Williams, Juvenile Public Defender’s Office, Des Moines,
attorney and guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ. 2
POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights to their daughter, S.A., who was born in December 2015. S.A. was
removed from their custody in April 2017 after police were called to the family
home in response to a domestic-violence incident. In November 2018, the
juvenile court terminated both the mother’s and the father’s parental rights
pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2018). Both parents argue the
State has not shown by clear and convincing evidence that S.A. cannot be
returned to them. Additionally, the mother argues the juvenile court should have
granted her a deferral of permanency for six months instead of terminating her
parental rights.
I. Standard of Review.
We review termination cases de novo. In re L.T., 924 N.W.2d 521, 526
(Iowa 2019). “We are not bound by the juvenile court’s findings of fact, but we do
give them weight, especially in assessing the credibility of witnesses.” In re A.M.,
843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014).
II. Discussion.
We use a three-step analysis to review termination of parental rights:
First, we “determine whether any ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been established.” If we determine “that a ground for termination has been established, then we determine whether the best-interest framework as laid out in section 232.116(2) supports the termination of parental rights.” Finally, if we conclude the statutory best-interest framework supports termination, “we consider whether any exceptions in section 232.116(3) apply to preclude termination of parental rights.”
In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 472–73 (Iowa 2018) (citations omitted). 3
The juvenile court terminated both the mother’s and father’s parental
rights pursuant to section 232.116(1)(h). Under that section, the State must
prove four elements:
(1) The child is three years of age or younger. (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance pursuant to section 232.96. (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months, or for the last six consecutive months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days. (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 232.102 at the present time.
Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h). Neither parent disputes the first three elements.
S.A. was less than two and a half years old at the time of the August and
September 2018 termination hearing, had been adjudicated a child in need of
assistance, and had been removed from both parents’ custody since April 2017.
The only element the parents challenge is the existence of clear and convincing
evidence showing S.A. cannot be returned to their custody. “Evidence is
considered clear and convincing ‘when there are no “serious or substantial
doubts as to the correctness [of] conclusions of law drawn from the evidence.”’”
In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219 (Iowa 2016) (alteration in original) (citation
omitted). We discuss the evidence in regard to each parent separately.
a. Grounds for Termination.
There is clear and convincing evidence in the record that S.A. could not be
safely returned to either parent’s care at the time of the termination hearing.
Turning first to the father, we acknowledge that he has made some progress over
the course of these proceedings. He made some efforts to attend mental-health 4
therapy and received certification for completing domestic violence awareness
classes. These improvements, however, do not offset the fact he continued to
struggle with drug addiction through the day of the August 2018 termination-of-
parental-rights (TPR) hearing. The evidence suggests he was not committed to
dealing with his substance-abuse problem. He completed a substance-abuse
evaluation in June 2017 but did not follow recommendations. He has repeatedly
denied use of illegal substances despite testing positive for cocaine and
methamphetamine throughout the proceedings. He repeatedly failed to have
sweat patches removed on the days specified by the Iowa Department of Human
Services (DHS). He tested positive for amphetamines and methamphetamine on
the same day as the August 2018 TPR hearing, and he continued to deny drug
use at the second day of the TPR hearing in September 2018. The father’s
continued use of methamphetamine throughout this proceeding and up until the
day of the August 2018 TPR hearing weighs in favor of terminating his parental
rights. See In re T.B., No. 18-1139, 2018 WL 4361181, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App.
Sept. 12, 2018) (collecting cases terminating parental rights when a parent has
an ongoing drug addiction).
Turning next to the mother, we conclude clear and convincing evidence
shows that S.A. could not be returned to her care either. While the mother has
similarly made progress over the course of these proceedings, much of her
improvement has only come after the August 2018 TPR hearing. The mother did
not comply with requested drug screenings throughout the proceedings, although
her most recent drug screenings before the August 2018 TPR hearing came
back clean. She denied drug use to DHS throughout the proceedings, and only 5
admitted to consistently using methamphetamine while testifying at the
September 2018 TPR hearing. She also has significant mental-health issues
and was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and
moderate depressive disorder, single episode. Her visits with S.A. were
professionally supervised after she had an outburst and needed to be physically
removed from a visitation. The mother was in jail from June 2017 until January
2018. While there she was placed in her own cell in the psychiatric unit due to
“random outbursts and mental health instabilities.” By the day of the August
2018 TPR hearing, she had attended at most six individual mental-health therapy
sessions.1 Finally, both the DHS and the Family Safety, Risk, and Permanency
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 18-2142 Filed June 19, 2019
IN THE INTEREST OF S.A., Minor Child,
M.A., Father, Appellant,
T.K., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Romonda Belcher,
District Associate Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
Jeremy M. Evans of Carr Law Firm, P.L.C., Des Moines, for appellant
father.
Stephen K. Allison, Berwick, and Shawn Smith, Ames, for appellant
mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathryn K. Lang, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
ConGarry D. Williams, Juvenile Public Defender’s Office, Des Moines,
attorney and guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ. 2
POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights to their daughter, S.A., who was born in December 2015. S.A. was
removed from their custody in April 2017 after police were called to the family
home in response to a domestic-violence incident. In November 2018, the
juvenile court terminated both the mother’s and the father’s parental rights
pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2018). Both parents argue the
State has not shown by clear and convincing evidence that S.A. cannot be
returned to them. Additionally, the mother argues the juvenile court should have
granted her a deferral of permanency for six months instead of terminating her
parental rights.
I. Standard of Review.
We review termination cases de novo. In re L.T., 924 N.W.2d 521, 526
(Iowa 2019). “We are not bound by the juvenile court’s findings of fact, but we do
give them weight, especially in assessing the credibility of witnesses.” In re A.M.,
843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014).
II. Discussion.
We use a three-step analysis to review termination of parental rights:
First, we “determine whether any ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been established.” If we determine “that a ground for termination has been established, then we determine whether the best-interest framework as laid out in section 232.116(2) supports the termination of parental rights.” Finally, if we conclude the statutory best-interest framework supports termination, “we consider whether any exceptions in section 232.116(3) apply to preclude termination of parental rights.”
In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 472–73 (Iowa 2018) (citations omitted). 3
The juvenile court terminated both the mother’s and father’s parental
rights pursuant to section 232.116(1)(h). Under that section, the State must
prove four elements:
(1) The child is three years of age or younger. (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance pursuant to section 232.96. (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months, or for the last six consecutive months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days. (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 232.102 at the present time.
Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h). Neither parent disputes the first three elements.
S.A. was less than two and a half years old at the time of the August and
September 2018 termination hearing, had been adjudicated a child in need of
assistance, and had been removed from both parents’ custody since April 2017.
The only element the parents challenge is the existence of clear and convincing
evidence showing S.A. cannot be returned to their custody. “Evidence is
considered clear and convincing ‘when there are no “serious or substantial
doubts as to the correctness [of] conclusions of law drawn from the evidence.”’”
In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219 (Iowa 2016) (alteration in original) (citation
omitted). We discuss the evidence in regard to each parent separately.
a. Grounds for Termination.
There is clear and convincing evidence in the record that S.A. could not be
safely returned to either parent’s care at the time of the termination hearing.
Turning first to the father, we acknowledge that he has made some progress over
the course of these proceedings. He made some efforts to attend mental-health 4
therapy and received certification for completing domestic violence awareness
classes. These improvements, however, do not offset the fact he continued to
struggle with drug addiction through the day of the August 2018 termination-of-
parental-rights (TPR) hearing. The evidence suggests he was not committed to
dealing with his substance-abuse problem. He completed a substance-abuse
evaluation in June 2017 but did not follow recommendations. He has repeatedly
denied use of illegal substances despite testing positive for cocaine and
methamphetamine throughout the proceedings. He repeatedly failed to have
sweat patches removed on the days specified by the Iowa Department of Human
Services (DHS). He tested positive for amphetamines and methamphetamine on
the same day as the August 2018 TPR hearing, and he continued to deny drug
use at the second day of the TPR hearing in September 2018. The father’s
continued use of methamphetamine throughout this proceeding and up until the
day of the August 2018 TPR hearing weighs in favor of terminating his parental
rights. See In re T.B., No. 18-1139, 2018 WL 4361181, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App.
Sept. 12, 2018) (collecting cases terminating parental rights when a parent has
an ongoing drug addiction).
Turning next to the mother, we conclude clear and convincing evidence
shows that S.A. could not be returned to her care either. While the mother has
similarly made progress over the course of these proceedings, much of her
improvement has only come after the August 2018 TPR hearing. The mother did
not comply with requested drug screenings throughout the proceedings, although
her most recent drug screenings before the August 2018 TPR hearing came
back clean. She denied drug use to DHS throughout the proceedings, and only 5
admitted to consistently using methamphetamine while testifying at the
September 2018 TPR hearing. She also has significant mental-health issues
and was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and
moderate depressive disorder, single episode. Her visits with S.A. were
professionally supervised after she had an outburst and needed to be physically
removed from a visitation. The mother was in jail from June 2017 until January
2018. While there she was placed in her own cell in the psychiatric unit due to
“random outbursts and mental health instabilities.” By the day of the August
2018 TPR hearing, she had attended at most six individual mental-health therapy
sessions.1 Finally, both the DHS and the Family Safety, Risk, and Permanency
(FSRP) staff assigned to the case testified during the September 2018 TPR
hearing that the mother could not adequately care for S.A. at that time.
Further evidence related to domestic violence supports terminating both
parents’ parental rights. The record shows a long history of domestic violence
between the parents since before these proceedings, with a number of incidents
involving police intervention. The incident which led to S.A. being removed from
the parents’ custody involved the father yelling at the mother and pulling her hair,
and the mother brandishing a knife and knocking over furniture. Both parents
have faced criminal charges regarding their behavior toward the other parent.
The mother had obtained a no-contact order against the father which was active
during the September 2018 TPR hearing. At that hearing, the FSRP worker
assigned to the case testified the father had violated that order. While both
1 The record reflects that the mother attended only seven individual therapy sessions between March 2018 and September 2018, with a lapse between May and August due to issues with insurance, and that the seventh session occurred in September 2018. 6
parents insisted that domestic violence will not be an issue going forward
because they no longer live together, the record shows that after being released
from jail the mother moved into a home directly adjacent to the home in which the
father lives. The mother testified she did not intend to move in next to the
father’s family, but other testimony suggests the mother at least knew the father’s
family lived there before she moved in. In light of this evidence, we agree with
the juvenile court that neither parent’s home was safe for S.A. at the time of the
September 2018 TPR hearing.
To the extent the mother challenges the juvenile court’s denial of her
request for additional time to work toward reunification, we conclude the juvenile
court properly denied her request. Section 232.104(2)(b) permits reunification
where “the need for removal . . . will no longer exist at the end of the additional
six-month period.” S.A. was removed from the mother’s custody in April 2017.
The permanency plan adopted in June 2017 required both parents to seek
treatment related to their issues involving substance abuse, mental health, and
domestic violence. The mother did not make meaningful efforts to do so until a
few months before the August 2018 TPR hearing and, as noted above, concerns
for the mother’s mental health and close proximity to the father were present at
the August 2018 TPR hearing. “The ‘legislature has established a limited time
frame for parents to demonstrate their ability to be parents.’” A.S., 906 N.W.2d at
474 (citation omitted). “Children simply cannot wait for responsible parenting.” In
re C.K., 558 N.W.2d 170, 175 (Iowa 1997) (quoting In re L.L., 459 N.W.2d 489,
495 (Iowa 1990)). We agree with the juvenile court that the concerns raised by 7
the evidence in the record will not be resolved in six months. We therefore agree
with the juvenile court’s decision to not grant an extension.
Clear and convincing evidence supports the termination of both the
mother’s and father’s parental rights under section 232.116(1)(h). Neither parent
challenges whether termination is in S.A.’s best interest or contends any
statutory factors weighing against termination apply. As such, we do not
consider those issues. See In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010).
AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.