J-S43001-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: R.M.R, A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : : APPEAL OF: C.M., FATHER : No. 21 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Dispositional Order December 11, 1015 In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County Juvenile Division at No(s): CP-36-DP-0000258-2015
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED JUNE 27, 2016
Appellant, C.M. (“Father”), appeals from the order entered in the
Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas, which adjudicated his minor
daughter, R.M.R. (“Child”), dependent, approved a child permanency plan
with the primary goal set as adoption, and suspended Father’s visitation with
Child. We affirm.
The juvenile court’s opinion sets forth the relevant facts and
procedural history of this case as follows:
On November 20, 2015, the Lancaster County Children and Youth Social Services Agency (“[CYS]”) received reports that Mother had given birth to her third child, R.M.[R]. [On November 23, 2015, CYS filed a petition for dependency and motion for the finding of aggravated circumstances.] Both Mother and Father have history with children services agencies. As of December 8, 2015, Father had fathered at least twelve children, only one of [whom] was in his care. Father previously had his parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another child in Lancaster County. At the time of the hearing, Mother had given birth to three children, none of whom were in J-S43001-16
her legal or physical custody. Mother also previously had her parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another child in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Neither Mother nor Father had completed a child permanency plan for reunification, despite having been afford[ed] plans and provided services. Based on the family’s history, [CYS] took emergency custody of the newborn and placed her in [a CYS] approved resource home. [CYS] filed a Petition for Dependency and a Motion for Finding of Aggravated Circumstances based on Mother’s…prior involuntary termination of [her] parental rights [to another child].
The Shelter Care hearing was held on November 24, 2015. Both parents were present and indicated through their respective attorneys that they wished to waive the shelter care hearing without admitting any of the allegations set forth in the petition for dependency and without prejudice. The [c]ourt granted temporary legal and physical custody of the Child to [CYS]. Given the age of the [C]hild, the [c]ourt granted parents supervised, one-hour weekly visits at [CYS] pending the Adjudication/Disposition hearing.
The Adjudication/Disposition hearing was held on December 8, 2015. [CYS] presented the testimony of the caseworker…. Father was present, represented by counsel, and testified on his own behalf. Mother was also present, represented by counsel, and testified on her own behalf. The [c]ourt found [CYS] presented clear and convincing evidence establishing that the parental rights of the parent have been involuntarily terminated with respect to another child of the parent, proven as to Mother and Father, and found that aggravated circumstances existed as to both Mother and Father. An Aggravated Circumstances Order was issued on December 8, 2015. The [c]ourt also found that the [C]hild was without the proper care or control necessary for her physical, mental, and emotional health, or morals and adjudicated her dependent. The [c]ourt issued an Order of Adjudication and Disposition on December 8, 2015, which approved a child permanency plan with no goals from reunification with parents and the primary placement goal set as adoption. Parents are appealing that Order.
(Juvenile Court Opinion, filed February 1, 2016, at 1-3) (citations to record
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and footnotes omitted). On January 5, 2016, Father filed a timely notice of
appeal and a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal per
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i).
Father raises the following issues on appeal:
DID THE TRIAL COURT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION BY FINDING THE AGENCY MET ITS BURDEN TO FIND CHILD DEPENDENT WHEN FATHER TESTIFIED CONCERNING HIS STEADY INCOME, STEADY HOUSING, AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS HE COMPLETED IN THE PAST THAT ADDRESSED THE AGENCY’S CURRENT CONCERNS?
DID THE TRIAL COURT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION BY APPROVING A CHILD PERMANENCY PLAN THAT FAILS TO PROVIDE ANY GOALS FOR REUNIFICATION WITH FATHER WHEN FATHER TESTIFIED CONCERNING HIS STEADY INCOME, STEADY HOUSING, AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS HE COMPLETED IN THE PAST THAT ADDRESSED THE AGENCY’S CURRENT CONCERNS?
DID THE TRIAL COURT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION BY FINDING IT WAS NOT IN CHILD’S BEST INTEREST TO CONTINUE VISITATION BETWEEN FATHER AND CHILD WHEN FATHER TESTIFIED CONCERNING HIS STEADY INCOME, STEADY HOUSING, AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS HE COMPLETED IN THE PAST THAT ADDRESSED THE AGENCY’S CURRENT CONCERNS?
(Father’s brief at 7).
For purposes of disposition, we combine Father’s issues. Father
argues CYS failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that Child was
dependent because Father has completed all CYS programs, has maintained
gainful employment, has a home large enough to accommodate Child, and
cared for Child in the hospital after her birth without concern raised by CYS.
Father also claims Child should not have been found dependent based on
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Father’s prior involuntary termination of parental rights for another child
because the termination occurred outside of the three-year statutory period
within which a subsequent child must be adjudicated dependent.
Alternatively, Father avers that if Child is dependent, CYS failed to prove it
was clearly necessary to remove Child from Father’s custody because he had
not been offered any services since 2011, and is willing to complete any
treatment or goals necessary to reunite with Child. Father insists his actions
warrant a child permanency plan with a primary goal of reunification
because CYS failed to provide adequate services to Father, hospital staff did
not raise concerns about Father’s care of Child, and Father has a steady
income and appropriate housing for her. Father asserts that if a child
permanency plan has a goal of reunification, the grave threat standard must
be applied in the court’s denial of visitation with Child. In this case, Father
maintains CYS did not meet the standard because it failed to prove he had
ongoing mental health issues that posed such a threat to Child. Conversely,
Father maintains that if a child permanency plan with the goal of adoption is
appropriate, his continued visitation with Child is in her best interest because
Father has an emotional relationship with Child based on his willingness to
reunite with her and because CYS failed to prove otherwise.
Our standard and scope of review from an adjudication of dependency
is as follows:
The standard of review which this Court employs in cases of dependency is broad. However, the scope of review is
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limited in a fundamental manner by our inability to nullify the fact-finding of the [trial] court. We accord great weight to this function of the hearing [court] because [it] is in the position to observe and rule upon the credibility of the witnesses and the parties who appear before [it]. Relying upon [the court’s] unique posture, we will not overrule [its] findings if they are supported by competent evidence.
In re E.B., 898 A.2d 1108, 1112 (Pa.Super. 2006) (quoting In re D.A., 801
A.2d 614, 617-18 (Pa.Super. 2002) (en banc)). The Juvenile Act defines a
dependent child, in pertinent part, as follows:
§ 6302. Definitions
* * *
“Dependent child.” A child who:
(1) is without proper parental care or control, subsistence, education as required by law, or other care or control necessary for [her] physical, mental, or emotional health, or morals. A determination that there is a lack of proper parental care or control may be based upon evidence of conduct by the parent, guardian or other custodian that places the health, safety or welfare of the child at risk, including evidence of the parent’s, guardian’s or other custodian’s use of alcohol or a controlled substance that places the health, safety or welfare of the child at risk[.]
(10) is born to a parent whose parental rights with regard to another child have been involuntarily terminated under 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511 (relating to grounds for involuntary termination) within three years immediately preceding the date of birth of the child and conduct of the parent poses a risk to the health, safety or welfare of the child.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1), (10). A court may adjudicate a child as dependent
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if the child meets the statutory definition by clear and convincing evidence.
E.B., supra. Additionally, “[a] finding of dependency can be made based on
prognostic evidence and such evidence is sufficient to meet the strict burden
of proof necessary to declare a child dependent.” In re R.W.J., 826 A.2d
10, 14 (Pa.Super. 2003). “The court must make a comprehensive inquiry
into whether proper parental care is immediately available or what type of
care [father] could provide in the future.” Id.
If the court finds that the child is dependent, then the court may make an appropriate disposition of the child to protect the child’s physical, mental and moral welfare, including allowing the child to remain with the parents subject to supervision, transferring temporary legal custody to a relative or a private or public agency, or transferring custody to the juvenile court of another state.
E.B., supra at 1112.
Upon a finding of dependency, the court must focus on the child’s best
interests and order a disposition best suited to the child’s safety and well-
being. In re S.B., 943 A.2d 973 (Pa.Super. 2008); In re L.C., II, 900 A.2d
378, 381 (Pa.Super. 2006) (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6341(a), 6341(c),
6351(a)); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(g)). The court may not separate the child
from her parent unless it finds that the separation is clearly necessary. In
re G.T., 845 A.2d 870 (Pa.Super. 2004). Such necessity is implicated where
the child’s welfare, safety, or health demands she be taken from her parent’s
custody. Id.; In re R.W.J., supra; 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6301(b), 6351(b).
Aggravated circumstances may be alleged during dependency
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proceedings where “[t]he parental rights of the parent have been
involuntarily terminated with respect to a child of the parent.” 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 6302.
If the county agency or the child’s attorney alleges the existence of aggravated circumstances and the court determines that the child is dependent, the court shall also determine if aggravated circumstances exist. If the court finds from clear and convincing evidence that aggravated circumstances exist, the court shall determine whether…reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need for removing the child from the home or to preserve and reunify the family shall be made or continue to be made and schedule a [permanency] hearing as required in section 6351(e)(3) (relating to disposition of dependent child).
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6341(c.1). See also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)(2). The
existence of aggravated circumstances militates against returning the
dependent child to her parents. In re A.H., 763 A.2d 873, 878 (Pa.Super.
2000).
Section 6351(f) provides in relevant part as follows:
§ 6351. Disposition of dependent child
(f) Matters to be determined at permanency hearing.—At each permanency hearing, a court shall determine all of the following:
(9) if the child has been in placement for at least 15 of the last 22 months or the court has determined that aggravated circumstances exist and that reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need to remove the child from the home or to preserve and reunify the family need not
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be made or continue to be made, determine whether the county agency has filed or sought to join a petition to terminate parental rights and to identify, recruit, process and approve a qualified family to adopt the child….
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f)(9).
Additionally, in reviewing an order suspending visitation, our standard
of review is as follows:
The polestar and paramount concern in evaluating parental visitation, in dependency as well as non-dependency situations, is the best interests and welfare of the children. Once a child is adjudicated dependent, the issues of custody and continuation of foster care are determined according to a child’s best interests. Thus, it has been said that the sole concerns of a court called upon to enforce a parent’s right of visitation are the welfare and best interests of the child.
However, because of the constitutionally protected liberty interest parents have to such visitation, parental visitation is usually not denied or limited unless visitation with the parent poses a grave threat to the child. In fact:
It has long been the law in this Commonwealth that only when the evidence clearly shows that [parents] are unfit to associate with [their] children should [they] be denied the right to see them. …
In dependency cases such as this, the standard against which visitation is measured also depends upon the goal mandated in the family service plan. Where, as here, reunification still remains the goal of the family service plan, visitation will not be denied or reduced unless it poses a grave threat. If, however, the goal is no longer reunification of the family, then visitation may be limited or denied if it is in the best interests of the child or children. The “best interests” standard, in this context, is less protective of parents’ visitation rights than the “grave threat” standard.
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In re C.J., 729 A.2d 89, 94-96 (Pa.Super. 1999) (internal citations and
footnote omitted). “[S]o as not to usurp the role of the lower court as
factfinder, we will affirm only if the evidence is such that no two reasonable
people could disagree that the grave threat standard has been met.” In re
B.G., 774 A.2d 757, 762 n.5 (Pa.Super. 2001).
After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the
applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Jay J.
Hoberg, we conclude Father’s issues merit no relief. The juvenile court’s
opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the questions
presented. (See Juvenile Court Opinion at 3-12) (finding: (1) Father was
treated for depression in 1980’s but has not participated in treatment since
1989; Father took some parenting and domestic violence classes in late
1990’s and completed alcohol treatment program in 2001 but testified that
he still drinks alcohol occasionally; Father recently was unemployed for
period of six years due to his ex-wife’s illness, his caring for her, and her
death; Father was involved in domestic violence incident shortly after taking
most recent domestic violence course in 2004; Father has not had stable
living situation, as he has moved on numerous occasions and currently lives
with Mother and his son/brother from Father’s incestuous relationship with
his own mother; Father’s testimony regarding his participation in treatment
was not credible; moreover, regardless of whether Father completed
treatment, he did not address CYS’ concerns regarding inappropriate
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caretakers and lack of appropriate supervision for his children, as well as
Father’s mental health and substance abuse; Father has history of allowing
inappropriate individuals to supervise his children or otherwise have access
to them, including individual who sexually abused one of Father’s children;
neither parent has made visible progress toward alleviating concerns which
necessitated removal of other children from their care; court cannot return
Child to Mother and Father without jeopardizing Child’s safety due to family
history of sexual abuse and inappropriate relationships, untreated mental
health of both parents, statutory finding of aggravated circumstances
against both parents, lack of response to remedial efforts taken by CYS, and
current lack of realistic remedial services; CYS presented clear and
convincing evidence that neither parent is able to parent Child; thus, Child is
dependent; (2) CYS caseworker testified credibly; testimony of Father was
not persuasive and was vague in specifics of past treatment; majority of
Father’s treatment was too far in past to address current concerns of CYS;
Father has not completed plan for reunification with any of his children; out
of Father’s twelve children, only two were ever in his care, and CYS was
involved with both; since Father’s last participation in mental health
treatment, he has twice been indicated as perpetrator of sexual abuse by
omission, has had his parental rights involuntarily terminated to another
child, has had incestuous relationship with his own mother resulting in birth
of four children, moved to new residence on numerous occasions, went
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through six-year period of unemployment, and continued to use alcohol
despite history of alcohol abuse; Father refused to accept responsibility for
sexual abuse of his child and admitted he remained in contact with at least
one indicator of abuse; given family history, sexual abuse of Father’s other
child, and lack of remedial actions taken by Mother or Father regarding
abuse and mental health issues, it was not in Child’s best interest to be
reunified with Mother or Father; thus, child permanency plan with primary
goal set as adoption was approved; (3) record is clear Mother and Father
have extensive mental health and parenting issues, which justified goal of
adoption based on concern for safety of Child if placed in custody of either
parent; to that end, court suspended all visitation; Father’s denial of need
for mental health services does not bode well for Child’s safety; decision to
suspend visitation was appropriate).1 Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of
the juvenile court’s opinion.
Order affirmed.
1 With respect to Father’s claim of a limited statutory look-back period of three years, we observe Father’s reliance on the specific definition of dependency is inapposite. Although his claim implicates the definition of dependency, found in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302, the specific subsection on which he relies does not apply to this case. The juvenile court was not precluded from finding dependency pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1) (defining “Dependent Child” to include determination that conduct of parent “places the health, safety or welfare of the child at risk”). Accordingly, under subsection (1), the juvenile court’s finding was not limited to a statutory look-back period and the finding of dependency was appropriate. - 11 - J-S43001-16
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 6/27/2016
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____ THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS_OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA JUVENILE COURT DIVISION
INRE: No. CP-36-DP-0000258-2015 r )> ~ z(") ~ _,, ~ l""1 -I a, OPINION SUR APPEAL rri I O ;:;o - "Tl
On December 8, 2015, the Court issued an Order of Adjudication and Disposi~n c 5c - g c /) () ( . % - ::0 adjudicating · \"\ . ff\ , '" , ~) 1 as ~epemlent~ .. -.a . :-0 child, approved a child permanency plan (CPP) with the primary goal set as adoption,~d
suspended visitation for birth mother, E.. e. (~o~) ') and birth father,
). The Court also issued an Aggravated Circumstances Order
finding that.aggravated circumstances exist as to both parents.
On January 5, 2016, Father filed Notice of Appeal of the December 8, 2015, Order of
Adjudication and Disposition. That same day, Mother also filed Notice of Appeal of the
December 8, 2015, Order of Adjudication and Disposition. Parents assert the same three issues in
their respective 1925(b) statements. First, Parents argue the Court erred in finding aulA to be a dependent child. Second, Parents argue the Court erred in approving a Child Permanency Plan
without goals for reunification for parents. Third, Parents argue the Court erred in suspending all
visitation between the Child and Parents. Neither Mother nor Father are appealing the finding of
aggravated circumstances against them.
On November 20, 2015, the Lancaster County Children and Youth Social Services
Agency (hereinafter "the Agency") received reports that Mother had given birth to her third
child, KfJ\. ~· Both Mother and Father have history with children services agencies. As of
l December 8, 2015, Fa~h_er had fathered at least twelve children, only one of which was in his
care. 1 Father previously had his parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another child in
~ancaster County. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 2, 12/8/15. At the time of the hearing, Mother had
given birth to three children, none of whom were in her legal or physical custody. Mother also
previously had her parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another child in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 1, 12/8/15. Neither Mother nor Father had
completed a child permanency plan for reunification, despite having been afford plans and
provided services. Based on the family's history, the Agency took emergency custody of the
newborn and placed her in an Agency approved resource home. N.T. 12/8/15, 3. The Agency
filed a Petition for Dependency and a Motion for Finding of Aggravated Circumstances based on
Mother's and Father's prior involuntary termination of their parental rights.
The Shelter Care hearing was held on November 24, 2015. Both parents were present and
indicated through their respective attorneys that they wished to waive the shelter care hearing
without admitting any of the allegations set forth in the petition for dependency and without
prejudice. The Court granted temporary legal and physical custody of the Child to the Agency.
Given the age of the child, the Court granted parents supervised, one-hour weekly visits at the
Agency pending the Adjudication/Disposition hearing.
The Adjudication/Disposition hearing was held on December 8, 2015. The Agency
presented the testimony of the caseworker, Alexis Palmer. Father was present, represented by
1 Father's first four children were through an incestuous relationship with his mother, . Three of the four children died in infancy. The surviving child; S-~ 1, was in and out of the Agency care until his 1s1h birthday, when he aged out and returned to Father's home N.T. 12/8/15 at 11-12. The caseworker testified that Father did not have names, locations, or birth dates for children five through eight. Id. at 10. Father's ninth child, G. was in the custody of her mother. Father reported to have occasional contact with Gt, but has never actually seen her face-to-face, paid child support, or parent ~ . s. Id. at 10. Father's eleventh child, A,, was periodically in Father's care. The Agency was providing services toward reunification until Father was indicated as a perpetrator of sexual abuse by omission as to A , . Father was not given a plan for reunification and his parental rights were involuntarily terminated on May 27, 2011. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 3, 12/8/15.
2 counsel, and testified on his own.behalf. Mother was_also_present, represented by counsel, and
testified on her own behalf. The Court found the Agency presented clear and convincing
evidence establishing that the parental rights of the parent have been involuntarily terminated
with respect to another child of the parent, proven as to Mother and Father, and found that
aggravated circumstances existed as to both Mother and Father. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 1 &
3. An Aggravated Circumstances Order was issued on December 8, 2015. The Court also found
that the child was without the proper care or control necessary for her physical, mental, and
emotional health, or morals and adjudicated her dependent. The Court issued an Order of
Adjudication and Disposition on December 8, 2015, which approved a child permanency plan
with no goals from reunification with parents and the primary placement goal set as adoption.
Parents are appealing that Order.
Both Father and Mother argue the Court erred in finding the Child dependent. Father
argues the Court erred in finding °'\ \~ 1 to be dependent when Father testified he had previously
completed mental health treatment, drug and alcohol treatment, a parenting class, anger
management treatment, domestic violence treatment, he had stable housing, and he had steady
income to provide for Ch 1 ldti needs. The Court finds that the evidence presented on the record,
including Father's own testimony, does not support Father's assertion.
Father testified he participated in mental health counseling and medicinal management
from 1981-1989. Father stated he quit attending because he had his depression under control and
no longer needed mental health counseling. N.T. 12/8/15 at 24. Father has not participated in any
mental health treatment since 1989. Father testified that since his involvement with the Agency
in his role as a parent, Father has not received any type of mental health treatment. Id. at 24~25. Father testified that he previously had an alcohol issue, but that he attended treatment for 12
3 weeks in 2001 and graduated from tha_!_p!_~gram. He stated he will occasionally attend meetings,
but often cannot due to his work schedule. Id. at 27. In response to the question of how long
Father has remained sober, Father testified, "I haven't- I drink on special occasions, New Years,
Christmas, I have one or two, which anybody does. But constantly being called a drunk, that's
not me because if I was a drunk I would not keep a steady job. I would get lazy, not get up for
work and not have nothing to show for in life." Id. at 28, lines 6-11.
Father testified that he works for A&A Waste "off and on", and stated he was "off' for a
period of six years recently, due of his late wife's health and medical issues. He testified he
started working again full-time after his wife died in November 2014. Father stated that he often
works fourteen-hour days at least three days a week. Id. at 25.
Father testified that he participated in anger management and parenting in the late 1990s.
Id. at 27. Father further testified he took a domestic violence class in the late 1990s and in 2004.
Id. at 27, 29. It is uncontested that Father was involved in a domestic violence incident shortly
after attending some domestic violence classes in 2004 and has not taken any domestic violence
classes since. Id. at 29. Father testified he has, and has had, stable housing. Father admitted he
has only been living at his current address since June 2015. Id. at 26. Before that, he lived with
his aunt for two years. No evidence was present as to where Father resided before that. He
currently lives with Mother and his son/brother.: S,.) from his incestuous relationship with his
Mother. Id.
Father did not offer any evidence aside from his testimony that he participated in
treatment. The Court did not find his testimony to be credible or persuasive. Even if the Court
accepted Father's assertion that he has successfully completed treatment in those areas, Father
has still not addressed all the Agency's continued concerns. Concerns were for inappropriate
4 caretakers, lack of aP.P.ro2riate su~rvision, Father's mental health, drug use, parenting and the
child's emotional wellbeing. Father has a history of allowing inappropriate individuals access to
his children and lack of appropriate supervision of his children. The Agency continues to have
concerns over Father's ability to protect his children due to the ongoing sexual abuse of the two
children who were in his care. Father was twice indicated a perpetrator of abuse by omission for
his daughter, A ~ . Father allowed an indicated perpetrator of sexual abuse to reside in his home.
That individual was also indicated as a perpetrator of sexual abuse against. A. Id. at 12. In
response to questions about Father being indicated as a perpetrator by omission for not protecting
his child, Father testified, "How can I work and protect her? That's what my wife was supposed
to be there for." Id. at 31, lines 15-16.
Additionally, Father left. ·A. in the care of ~,) who has significant delays in mental
development and has been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Id. at 13. Father allowed his
mother, who was also the mother of four of his children, to sleep in the same bed with Fa.~s n,otlw'" 5 1 and ~ , into their teenage years. It was reported that sometimes A would be naked '-n\4.\15, l'ICl1w . sleeping in the same bed with the children. There were also concerns that f\ ta~ght A, . to masturbate, which. A, was doing at school. Id. at 12. Father testified he still remains in contact
with his mother, despite the abuse and prior PF As. Id. at 30, 32.
Mother also argues the Court erred in finding the child to be dependent because Mother
signed a Consent for Adoption for her second child after Mother realized she was not in a
position to parent that child. Now, Mother argues, circumstances have changed, she has housing
and stability, which put her in a position to parent this child. The Court also finds that the record
does not support Mother's assertions.
5 ---------=D---=ur=--=i=n,g Mother's :Qregnancy with her first child, the Montgomery County Agency had
concerns regarding Mother's lack of prenatal care, mental health and drug and alcohol issues.
Mother asserted the lack of prenatal care for that child was the result of Mother's lack of
knowledge of her pregnancy because she showed no symptoms. N.T. 12/8/15 at 38. Since
Mother's termination of parental rights to her second daughter, Mother has attended a basic child
care classes.' See Mother's Exhibit No. 1, 12/8/15. While Mother has rectified issues of prenatal
care, Mother's second child was placed because the hospital reported concerns for the child's
safety and Mother's threats to harm herself. Based on the evidence presented, these Family
Nurturing classes did not address any of Mother's previous mental health issues including
suicidal ideations during her past pregnancies. Therefore, while Mother may have rectified the
Agency's concerns that her children were not receiving proper prenatal care, it does not rebut the
Agency's evidence that Mother's current circumstances remain inappropriate for.Otd!.
The Court believes because of the history of sexual abuse and inappropriate relationships,
the untreated mental health of both parents, the statutory finding of aggravate circumstances
against both Mother and Father, the lack ofresponse to remedial efforts taken by the Agency,
and the current lack of realistic remedial services, the Court cannot return this child to Mother
and Father without jeopardizing her safety, protection, physical, mental and moral welfare.
It is clear, for both Mother and Father, that many of the Agency's valid and continuous
concerns have still not been properly addressed. Despite their arguments otherwise, there is no
visible progress made by either parent toward alleviating the Agency's initial concerns. This is
2 Mother presented a certificate for Family Nurturing, and educational and support program for parents, which she attended from August 18, 2015, through November 3, 2015, and completed the necessary 20 hours of instruction. She also presented a letter from Cherilyn Reynolds CRNP from SouthEast Lancaster Health Services, Inc., attesting to Mother's treatment ofcare throughout her entire pregnancy. Finally, Mother presented a letter from Terri Hershey, a client advocate from A Woman's Concern attesting that Mother participated in five parenting education classes through A Woman's Concern, not only during her last pregnancy, but also her previous pregnancy. See collectively, Mother's Exhibit No. I, 12/8/15.
6 ·--------not-a-situation-where_one_parentis_appropri.a.teJ_The..Age.llQy_P-resented clear and convincing
evidence that neither parent is able to parent Cl\\ Id-. The Court did not find the testimony of
Mother and Father compelling. They have not appropriately addressed all of the Agency's prior
concerns which necessitated removal of their other children from their care. Neither parent was
satisfactorily able to show they could be trusted to ensure the safety of this child or were able to
parent this child. The evidence is both clear and convincing that :Ck ii A is dependent and that
finding otherwise would place the health and safety of the child at risk.
Once <.1'.l ld has been adjudicated dependent, additional decisions in the context of
permanency planning must be made according to her best interest. In re J.S.W., 651 A. 2d 167
(Pa. Super. 1994). Permanency planning is a concept whereby children are not relegated to the
limbo of spending their childhood in foster homes, but instead, dedicated effort is made by the
court and the children's agency to rehabilitate and unite the family in a reasonable time, and
failing in this, to free the child for adoption. In re J.S. W ., at 1 70. The Superior Court has held
that providing no plan for reunification can be an appropriate decision, depending on the factual
circumstances. In re R.T., C.A.. K.A., 778 A.2d 670 (Pa. Super. 2001).
In reaching its dispositional decision, this Court found the Agency caseworker to be
credible witness who provided independent, consistent, relevant, and persuasive testimony. The
Court did not find the testimony of Father or Mother to be persuasive. Father was vague as to
any specifics of his past treatment and offered no further evidence. Further, Mother provided no
compelling reason why she is more committed to Chi Id than she was her second child.
Parents argue that the Court erred in its approval of the CPP with the primary goal set as
adoption. Father argues the Court erred in approving a Child Permanency Plan that fails to
provide any goals for reunification with Father when Father previously completed treatment
7 __________ Qrograms to address the Agency's concerns and testified he was willing to complete these
treatment program a second time to address the Agency's current concerns and provide him the
necessary skills to parent Chi\!.. Father also asserts that he plans on maintaining his current
housing and income.
The Court has fully address Father's claims of prior treatment in the previous section. As
stated above, Father's argument that he previously completed all the necessary treatment
programs is not supported by the record. Father testified that he participated in mental health
treatment in the 1 980s, attended a few parenting and domestic violence classes in the l 990s, and
completed a 12 week alcohol treatment program in 2001. The Court found that the majority of
Father's treatment was too far removed to support Father's assertion that his past treatment was
sufficient to address the Agency's concerns. It is uncontested that Father has never completed a
plan for reunification with any of his children. Moreover, out of Father's twelve children, only
two were ever in his care, :S. · and t.\. The Agency was involved with both children.
Since Father's last participation in mental health treatment, he has been twice indicated as
a perpetrator of sexual abuse by omission, has had his parental rights involuntarily terminated to
another child, has experience the death of his wife, has moved on numerous occasions, has
continued to use alcohol despite his history with alcohol abuse, had an incestuous relationship
with his mother resulting in four children, and was unemployed for a period of at least six years.
Father continually allowed inappropriate individuals into his home and gave them unsupervised
access to his daughter.
Mother argues the Court erred in not approving a plan for reunification for Mother
because a finding aggravated circumstances does not preclude Mother from being given a plan.
Mother further argues that in the matter of her second child, which was also before this Court,
8 : the_Courtfounclaggray:at.e_d_circ_umstances existed for Mother, but ordered a :R=lan~fi--=- or"-------------
reunification despite that finding. Mother erroneously believes that since the Court was willing to
afford Mother the opportunity for reunification, it is thereafter compelled to provide Mother with
a plan. The trail court has discretion in determining that reunification is not appropriate and is
not in the child's best interest. See In Re R.J. T., 9 A.3d at 1190.
During Mother's prior involvement with the Agency and with this Court, aggravated
circumstances were found to exist as to Mother based on Mother's previous involuntary
termination of parental rights in Montgomery County. Even so, this Court approved a plan for
reunification with objectives for Mother on March 2, 2014. Her goals included a mental health
goal, a crime-free goal, a parenting goal, an income goal, a housing goal, and a commitment
goal. Id. at 7. At the time of her second child's birth, Mother was homeless. Two months later,
when the Court approved the plan for reunification, Mother was residing with Father. The
Agency informed Mother that based on Father's previous involvement with the Agency, it would
not be appropriate housing for her child. The caseworker testified that Mother indicated she had
no intention of separating from Father at that time. Id. On March 31, 2014, Mother contacted the
Agency and signed consents for adoption for her second child, voluntarily terminating her
parental rights. Id. at 8. She has never parented any of her children and has never completed a
plan for reunification. In fact, Mother has not made progress in any of the goal areas on her
previous CPP.
Neither Mother3 nor Father have addressed the mental health portions of their previous
plans. Both parents were provided with help and services. Mother chose not to work on either of
3 Mother admitted she had mental health goals on both plans but just never worked on the mental health portion of either of her plans. She testified that she was supposed to have an intake for mental health treatment the same day as the hearing, but that she couldn't get to it. Mother's attorney indicated Mother scheduled her
9 _______ h_e_r Rlans. Mother remains unem2loy_ed'._She has failed to remain crime free. She was arrested for
retail theft and will be on probation until February 8, 2018. Id. at 4. Mother argues she has stable
housing. She currently lives and maintains a relationship with Father, even after the Agency
informed Mother in 2014 that Father's presence in the home made the home inappropriate for
her second child to be returned to her.
Father sporadically participated in elements of his plans, but most of that occurred two to
three decades ago. Father continues to insist that it was not his responsibility to protect his
daughter from the sexual abuse she suffered in his home, because he had a job at the time. He
admitted to maintaining contact with at least one indicated perpetrator of abuse against his child
and has a history of allowing inappropriate individuals unsupervised access to his children. He
does not believe he needs mental health services because he received treatment for depression
nearly 27 years ago. Father offered no evidence that he completed any domestic violence
program, anger management classes, parenting classes, or sexual abuse perpetrator by omission
counseling. The Court did not find Father's testimony that he participated in these treatment
programs "sometime in the late 1990s" to be particularly relevant or persuasive.
The Court cannot rely upon either Mother or Father to keep the child safe since both, at
different times, have seriously threatened the well-being of their other children. This Court has
grave concern regarding Father's failure to accept his responsibly in, A 's sexual abuse. None
of Father's therapy has been recent nor did any of it deal with the abuse of his child. Mother was
previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, depressive disorder NOS,
and mild mental retardation. Id. at 4. She testified that she does not have any of these conditions
and has never had a mental health evaluation in her adult life, despite it being a component on-
intake appointment at T. W. Ponessa in Lancaster for noon on December 8, 2015. The Court proceedings for the morning were scheduled from 8:30AM to 12:00PM. The hearing was concluded at 12: I 9PM.
10 ------her-CP-P-forJiedirstJw.iLc.hildren. Id. at 3 7. Mother was re~orted to have thoughts of suicide and
threatened to harm herself. Mother also refused to heed the Agency's warnings that Father's
presence in the home made her housing inappropriate for her child's return. Id. at 7.
Given the history of this family, the sexual abuse perpetrated against Father's other child,
and the fact that there have been no serious remedial actions taken by the family relative to
infliction of abuse or mental health treatment, the Court found that it was not in this Child's best
interest to be reunified with parents and approved the CPP with the primary goal set as adoption.
It is clearly not in Ou\ d's best interest to once again provide parents with access to the same
services they previously failed to accept and complete.
Having found d\ii. \l to be a dependent child, the Court must issue a disposition in the
best interest of the child. Ch.,\£\.'!> best interest requires that she live permanently in a loving
home where there exists no risk of abuse or harm from her birth parents. Ms. Palmer, the Agency
caseworker, testified that MA· is doing well in current resource home, which includes her half-
sister, . .:t: • . . ~'° J Mother's second child, was adopted by the resource family on May 14,
2015. Id. at 15; See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 2, 12/8/15. The child is in a suitable resource home
where she is doing well, is happy, and is safe from the abuse and threat of abuse Mother and
Father posed. Her home is a potential permanent resource for Ch,\ i.The Court finds this
placement appropriate. It is a safe, family-setting where all her needs are being met.
Given the Father's long history with the Agency, Mother's decision to continue residing
· with Father, and neither parents' progress on addressing the Agency's continuing concerns,
Father and Mother cannot be trusted to provide a safe haven for this child within a reasonable
amount of time. Based on the record and for the reasons set out above, the Court finds that the
ll current disposition of no plan for reunification with parents and a primary goal for adoption is
best suited to the safety, protection, and physical, mental and moral welfare of lWLJ.,
Father's final 192S(b) issue argues the Court erred in suspending all visitation with
Father when the Agency failed to prove that Father posed a grave threat to OuU or that
. visitation between Father and the Child is not in the best interest of the Child. Father again
argues he previously completed treatment programs that addressed that Agency's current
concerns with Father and the Agency failed to provide any evidence of concerns pertaining to
Father' care of Child while in the hospital after Child was born. Mother argues the Court erred
when it did not provide any visitation for Mother, but did not make a formal finding that Mother
posed a grave risk to the child.
Having determined that C~l6.·-~ primary goal should be adoption, the Court suspended
visitation for both Mother and Father in furtherance and preparation of the child for adoption.
While the Court did not make any formal finding that Mother and Father posed a grave risk to
the child, the record is quite clear that they have extensive mental health and parenting issues
that justify the Court's concern for the future safety of
. of either parent, and supports the Court's decision to establish the goal as adoption, and to that
end suspend all visitation. Neither Mother nor Father believe they need mental health services.
This is a problem and points out the gravity of the situation. Whether parents' denial is
purposeful or unconscious, it does not bode well for the safety of CN.IJ.. in their care. The
decision to suspend visits was appropriate and was the only decision this Court could make given
the totality of the record and in furtherance of the Child's primary goal of adoption.
12 Based upon the totality of the record, and for the reasons sets forth in this Opinion, the
Court's Order of Adjudication and Disposition dated December 8, 2015, should be affirmed.
The Clerk of Courts is directed to transmit the record to the Superior Court.
BY THE COURT:
1 ·certify this document to be filed in maed:.aon~tsr, ~6Jnty Office of the Clerk of the Courts. ~\\\\\IIIIIU,11~ ~
,,._\.~.1~1t:~, f1: -/Jri ~~ 8 . ~ 6 ' ;,r.. "\~"'~ - ,: .. ... ~~ ~ ~,.,.,~:·"''"!-~"' -, •
Jacquelyn E. Pfurs1ch . '""'""""''' ~ Clerk of Courts
Copies to: Catharine I. Roland, Esquire-Attorney for Appellant Mother Jeremy Montgomery, Esquire-Attorney for Appellant Father John E. Churchville, Esquire-Attorney for Agency Pamela J. Breneman, Esquire - Guardian ad Litem Children and Youth (2)