IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 15-0763 Filed July 9, 2015
IN THE INTEREST OF P.M., B.M., AND E.M., Minor Children,
D.M., Father, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Susan Flaherty,
District Associate Judge.
A father appeals the termination of his parental rights. AFFIRMED.
Kyle A. Sounhein of Lynch Dallas, P.C., Cedar Rapids, for appellant
father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant
Attorney General, Jerry Vander Sanden, County Attorney, and Lance J. Heeren,
Assistant County Attorney, for appellee State.
Julie Trachta of Linn County Advocate, Inc., Cedar Rapids, attorney and
guardian ad litem for minor children.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Doyle, JJ. 2
DOYLE, J.
A father appeals the termination of his parental rights. We affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
D.M. is the father and M.R. is the mother of three children born in 2007,
2008, and 2011, respectively.1 The family first came to the attention of the Iowa
Department of Human Services (Department) in 2010 due to marijuana use by
the parents in the presence of the children. The parents participated in voluntary
services, and the case successfully ended shortly thereafter.
The family again came to the Department’s attention at the end of 2012,
after it was reported the parents were using methamphetamine in the home with
the children present. When law enforcement officers and the Department’s child-
protective-services worker went to the family’s home for a safety check, the
home was found to be in disarray; dishes, food, toys, and clothing were found on
the floor of the home, and the home had a foul order. The mother admitted she
had been using marijuana, but she denied any methamphetamine usage. The
father denied using any illegal substances. The Department requested the
parents provide samples for drug testing, and the father tested positive for
methamphetamine and marijuana. Additionally, each child’s hair tested positive
for methamphetamine. The children were subsequently removed from the
parents’ care and placed with relatives.
The children were adjudicated children in need of assistance in January
2013, and the parents were offered reunification services. The parents
participated in the services and abstained from use of illegal drugs for many
1 Termination of the mother’s parental rights is not at issue in this appeal. 3
months, leading to a trial home placement of the children in February 2014 and
custody returned to the mother in June 2014. The parents were directed to
continue complying with drug testing.
However, in July 2014, the parents both provided drug patches that were
positive for methamphetamine. The children were removed from the parents’
care and placed with the Department for placement in relative care. The parents
were again directed to cooperate with drug testing, and both parents expressed
their intentions to obtain new substance abuse evaluations and to re-engage in
substance abuse treatment. Their visits with the children were sporadic
thereafter.
The State filed a petition seeking termination of the parents’ parental rights
in September 2014, later amended in October 2014. Hearing on the petition was
held in November 2014. The parents appeared at the hearing and contested the
State’s termination-of-parental-rights petition, but neither parent testified. The
service provider and Department’s case worker, both of whom had worked with
the parents since January 2013, recommended termination of the parents’
parental rights. Both individuals testified the children were in need of
permanency, and termination of the parents’ parental rights was in the children’s
best interests, even though the children were placed with relatives and bonded
with their parents. The case worker testified the parents were given an
opportunity to re-engage in services after they tested positive for
methamphetamine in July 2014, and though the parents claimed they had
participated in counseling and received new substance abuse evaluations
thereafter, their claims were untrue. As of the date of the termination-of-parental- 4
rights hearing, neither parent had provided any samples for drug testing,
participated in counseling, or received a new substance abuse evaluation.
Following the hearing, the juvenile court entered its order terminating the parents’
parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) (2015) as to the two
older children and (h) as to the youngest child.
The father now appeals. He contends the State failed to prove the
grounds for termination; he should have been given an additional six months “to
pursue reunification”; and termination of his parental rights was not in the
children’s best interests. Our review is de novo. See In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d
100, 113 (Iowa 2014).
II. Discussion.
In determining whether parental rights should be terminated under chapter
232, the juvenile court “follows a three-step analysis.” In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d
703, 706 (Iowa 2010). Step one requires the court to “determine if a ground for
termination under section 232.116(1) has been established” by the State. Id. If
the court finds grounds for termination, the court moves to the second step of the
analysis: deciding if the grounds for termination should result in a termination of
parental rights under the best-interest framework set out in section 232.116(2).
Id. at 706-07. Even if the court finds “the statutory best-interest framework
supports termination of parental rights,” the court must proceed to the third and
final step: considering “if any statutory exceptions set out in section 232.116(3)
should serve to preclude termination of parental rights.” Id. at 707.
Iowa Code section 232.116(1) paragraphs (f) and (h) are essentially the
same but for the applicable age of the child and the amount of time the child has 5
been out of the home. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f) (“The child is four years of
age or older” and “has been removed . . . for at least twelve of the last eighteen
months”), (h) (“The child is three years of age or younger” and “has been
removed . . . for at least six months of the last twelve months”). Both paragraphs
(f) and (h) require the State to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, “the child
cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents . . . at the present time.”
See id. § 232.116(1)(f)(4), (h)(4). It is this element of each ground that the father
challenges. Upon our de novo review, we find the State met its burden.
Here, the father has a history of drug use, and this case opened with the
father and the children testing positive for methamphetamine. A year-and-a-half
later, the father was again using methamphetamine. Instead of attempting to
return to a sober lifestyle and put his children’s needs first after relapsing in 2014,
he did nothing from the time of his relapse to the time of the termination-of-
parental-rights hearing. We agree with the juvenile court that the State
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 15-0763 Filed July 9, 2015
IN THE INTEREST OF P.M., B.M., AND E.M., Minor Children,
D.M., Father, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Susan Flaherty,
District Associate Judge.
A father appeals the termination of his parental rights. AFFIRMED.
Kyle A. Sounhein of Lynch Dallas, P.C., Cedar Rapids, for appellant
father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant
Attorney General, Jerry Vander Sanden, County Attorney, and Lance J. Heeren,
Assistant County Attorney, for appellee State.
Julie Trachta of Linn County Advocate, Inc., Cedar Rapids, attorney and
guardian ad litem for minor children.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Doyle, JJ. 2
DOYLE, J.
A father appeals the termination of his parental rights. We affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
D.M. is the father and M.R. is the mother of three children born in 2007,
2008, and 2011, respectively.1 The family first came to the attention of the Iowa
Department of Human Services (Department) in 2010 due to marijuana use by
the parents in the presence of the children. The parents participated in voluntary
services, and the case successfully ended shortly thereafter.
The family again came to the Department’s attention at the end of 2012,
after it was reported the parents were using methamphetamine in the home with
the children present. When law enforcement officers and the Department’s child-
protective-services worker went to the family’s home for a safety check, the
home was found to be in disarray; dishes, food, toys, and clothing were found on
the floor of the home, and the home had a foul order. The mother admitted she
had been using marijuana, but she denied any methamphetamine usage. The
father denied using any illegal substances. The Department requested the
parents provide samples for drug testing, and the father tested positive for
methamphetamine and marijuana. Additionally, each child’s hair tested positive
for methamphetamine. The children were subsequently removed from the
parents’ care and placed with relatives.
The children were adjudicated children in need of assistance in January
2013, and the parents were offered reunification services. The parents
participated in the services and abstained from use of illegal drugs for many
1 Termination of the mother’s parental rights is not at issue in this appeal. 3
months, leading to a trial home placement of the children in February 2014 and
custody returned to the mother in June 2014. The parents were directed to
continue complying with drug testing.
However, in July 2014, the parents both provided drug patches that were
positive for methamphetamine. The children were removed from the parents’
care and placed with the Department for placement in relative care. The parents
were again directed to cooperate with drug testing, and both parents expressed
their intentions to obtain new substance abuse evaluations and to re-engage in
substance abuse treatment. Their visits with the children were sporadic
thereafter.
The State filed a petition seeking termination of the parents’ parental rights
in September 2014, later amended in October 2014. Hearing on the petition was
held in November 2014. The parents appeared at the hearing and contested the
State’s termination-of-parental-rights petition, but neither parent testified. The
service provider and Department’s case worker, both of whom had worked with
the parents since January 2013, recommended termination of the parents’
parental rights. Both individuals testified the children were in need of
permanency, and termination of the parents’ parental rights was in the children’s
best interests, even though the children were placed with relatives and bonded
with their parents. The case worker testified the parents were given an
opportunity to re-engage in services after they tested positive for
methamphetamine in July 2014, and though the parents claimed they had
participated in counseling and received new substance abuse evaluations
thereafter, their claims were untrue. As of the date of the termination-of-parental- 4
rights hearing, neither parent had provided any samples for drug testing,
participated in counseling, or received a new substance abuse evaluation.
Following the hearing, the juvenile court entered its order terminating the parents’
parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) (2015) as to the two
older children and (h) as to the youngest child.
The father now appeals. He contends the State failed to prove the
grounds for termination; he should have been given an additional six months “to
pursue reunification”; and termination of his parental rights was not in the
children’s best interests. Our review is de novo. See In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d
100, 113 (Iowa 2014).
II. Discussion.
In determining whether parental rights should be terminated under chapter
232, the juvenile court “follows a three-step analysis.” In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d
703, 706 (Iowa 2010). Step one requires the court to “determine if a ground for
termination under section 232.116(1) has been established” by the State. Id. If
the court finds grounds for termination, the court moves to the second step of the
analysis: deciding if the grounds for termination should result in a termination of
parental rights under the best-interest framework set out in section 232.116(2).
Id. at 706-07. Even if the court finds “the statutory best-interest framework
supports termination of parental rights,” the court must proceed to the third and
final step: considering “if any statutory exceptions set out in section 232.116(3)
should serve to preclude termination of parental rights.” Id. at 707.
Iowa Code section 232.116(1) paragraphs (f) and (h) are essentially the
same but for the applicable age of the child and the amount of time the child has 5
been out of the home. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f) (“The child is four years of
age or older” and “has been removed . . . for at least twelve of the last eighteen
months”), (h) (“The child is three years of age or younger” and “has been
removed . . . for at least six months of the last twelve months”). Both paragraphs
(f) and (h) require the State to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, “the child
cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents . . . at the present time.”
See id. § 232.116(1)(f)(4), (h)(4). It is this element of each ground that the father
challenges. Upon our de novo review, we find the State met its burden.
Here, the father has a history of drug use, and this case opened with the
father and the children testing positive for methamphetamine. A year-and-a-half
later, the father was again using methamphetamine. Instead of attempting to
return to a sober lifestyle and put his children’s needs first after relapsing in 2014,
he did nothing from the time of his relapse to the time of the termination-of-
parental-rights hearing. We agree with the juvenile court that the State
established the children could not be returned to the father’s care at the time of
the termination-of-parental-rights hearing. Accordingly, we agree with the
juvenile court that the State established the statutory grounds for termination of
his parental rights.
Additionally, although the father maintains termination of his parental
rights is not in the children’s best interests, we conclude the record clearly
demonstrates otherwise. In making this determination, we “give primary
consideration to the child[ren]’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the
long term nurturing and growth of the child[ren], and to the physical, mental, and
emotional condition and needs of the child[ren].” Id. § 232.116(2). Here, it is 6
true that the children are placed with relatives and have a bond with their father;
nonetheless, both the service provider and case worker still believed the children
were in need of permanency, which could only be achieved by termination of
parental rights. The father’s latest relapse without accountability thereafter
evidenced the father could only maintain short bouts of sobriety. Taking into
account the relevant factors, we agree with the juvenile court that termination of
the father’s parental rights is in the children’s best interests.
Finally, for the same reasons, we find the an extension of time for the
father to work toward reunification is not warranted. It is well-settled law that we
cannot deprive a child of permanency after the State has proved a ground for
termination under section 232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be
a parent and be able to provide a stable home for the child. In re P.L., 778
N.W.2d 33, 41 (Iowa 2010); see also In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 778 (Iowa
2012) (noting the parent’s past conduct is instructive in determining the parent’s
future behavior). Children are not equipped with pause buttons. “The crucial
days of childhood cannot be suspended while parents experiment with ways to
face up to their own problems.” In re A.C., 415 N.W.2d 609, 613 (Iowa 1987). At
some point, as is the case here, the rights and needs of the children rise above
the rights and needs of the parent. See In re C.S., 776 N.W.2d 297, 299 (Iowa
Ct. App. 2009). While the law requires a “full measure of patience with troubled
parents who attempt to remedy a lack of parenting skills,” this patience has been
built into the statutory scheme of chapter 232. In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 494
(Iowa 2000). Our supreme court has stated that “the legislature, in cases
meeting the conditions of [the Iowa Code], has made a categorical determination 7
that the needs of a child are promoted by termination of parental rights.” In re
M.W., 458 N.W.2d 847, 850 (Iowa 1990). The public policy of the state having
been legislatively set, we are obligated to heed the statutory time periods for
reunification.
The children were adjudicated in need of assistance in January 2013, and
the statutory time frames for reunification have passed. These children are in
need of permanency, and they should not have to wait any longer in limbo while
the father attempts sobriety. We conclude a grant of additional time for the father
to work toward reunification is not justified under these circumstances. For these
reasons, we affirm the order terminating the father’s parental rights.
AFFIRMED.