IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 19-1177 Filed June 3, 2020
IN THE INTEREST OF O.R., Minor Child,
K.R., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael E. Seymour,
District Associate Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to one of her
children. AFFIRMED.
Katharine Massier of Branstad & Olson Law Office, Des Moines, for
appellant mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Nicole Garbis Nolan of Youth Law Center, Des Moines, attorney and
guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Mullins and Ahlers, JJ. 2
VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to one of her
children, born in 2008. She contends (1) the record lacks clear and convincing
evidence to support termination under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(d) (2019);
(2) the department of human services failed to make reasonable efforts to reunify
her with her child; and (3) “the juvenile court erred in denying [her] motion to
bifurcate the roles of [the child’s] attorney and [guardian ad litem].”
I. Grounds for Termination
The court of appeals recently addressed the termination of the mother’s
parental rights to another child. See In re M.S., No. 19-1550, 2020 WL 377889
(Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 23, 2020). We found the department intervened after learning
“that the man with whom the mother was having a relationship asked the nine-
year-old [half-sibling of the] child to engage in sex acts.” M.S., 2020 WL 377889,
at *1. This appeal involves the nine-year-old half-sibling.
The district court terminated the mother’s parental rights to the child under
several statutory grounds. The mother only challenges the evidence supporting
one of the provisions. Accordingly, she has waived error with respect to the
remaining grounds. In re N.S., No. 14-1375, 2014 WL 5253291, at *3 (Iowa Ct.
App. Oct. 15, 2014) (“When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more
than one statutory ground, we may affirm the order on any ground we find
supported by the record. The mother’s failure to raise the remaining statutory
grounds for termination waives any claim of error related to those grounds.”). That
said, our de novo review of the record convinces us that termination was warranted 3
under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f), which requires proof of several elements,
including proof the child cannot be returned to the mother’s custody.
II. Reasonable Efforts
The mother argues the department failed to make reasonable efforts to
reunify her with the child. See In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000) (noting
that specified termination grounds “contain a common element which implicates
the reasonable effort requirement”). She asserts (a) the department “cancelled a
significant number of . . . visits”; (b) she was not afforded a “professional opinion
from a psychiatrist or psychologist regarding her parenting ability” and was not
assigned a court appointed special advocate; and (c) she was denied her rights to
equal protection and due process as guaranteed by the United States and Iowa
Constitutions.
We addressed certain cancelled visits in our prior opinion. M.S., 2020 WL
377889, at *2. We agreed with the mother that the department did not hold several
visits but noted that the missed time was made up. Id. We concluded “the
department satisfied its reasonable-efforts mandate.” Id.
In this proceeding, the mother filed a “renewed motion for reasonable
efforts” listing a series of canceled visits with the nine-year-old child. She asserted
the child “received only 13.5 hours of visits with her mother as of March 12, 2019,”
which was “still 8.5 hours short.” At the termination hearing, the mother testified
to having “minimal” visits with the child in 2019, but she did not document the
number of missed visits or mention the shorted hours. Although her attorney
attempted to raise the issue during closing argument, the guardian ad litem
objected as beyond the scope of the record. The mother’s attorney conceded she 4
did not elicit testimony on missed visits “in this action.” Without a record, we cannot
address the issue. See State v. Christianson, 337 N.W.2d 502, 504 (Iowa 1983)
(stating it is generally an appellant’s “obligation to provide this court with a record
affirmatively disclosing the error relied upon” and an appellant “may waive error by
failing to provide us with a record that affirmatively shows the basis of the alleged
error.” (citations omitted)).
We turn to the mother’s request for a psychiatric or psychological opinion
about her parenting ability. The mother concedes the district court did not address
the issue. Accordingly, we question whether error was preserved. See Meier v.
Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002) (“It is a fundamental doctrine of
appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the
district court before we will decide them on appeal.”). Bypassing that concern, the
record contains the following opinion of the mother’s therapist on impediments to
appropriate parenting:
[The mother] has been able to voice understanding of safety concerns with her children. As a result of this, [she] has reported a termination in her relationship with her boyfriend and a change in address to reflect this termination. [The mother] is engaged in session and is open and receptive to feedback at this time. Therapist will continue to work with client on increasing affect tolerance, emotional integration and how her past experiences are impacting her current parenting practices.
Several days after the therapist submitted the letter, the department reported that
the mother “was not honest with her therapist or the children’s therapist about the
nature of her relationship with the” man and, specifically, her ongoing sexual
relationship with him. Just before the termination hearing, the mother’s therapist
updated her opinion. She noted that the mother later corrected the misinformation 5
and told her of her continued “sexual relationship with the man.” The therapist
opined that the mother needed to “gain more insight on how her co-parenting
relationship with” the man “could impact this child” and needed to set “healthy,
realistic expectations for this relationship.” In short, the record contains a mental-
health professional’s opinion about the mother’s parenting ability, obviating the
need for the department to schedule another evaluation, as the mother requested.
The mother also argues a court appointed special advocate (CASA) should
have been provided. The district court addressed the issue as follows:
I know there was no evidence presented to this Court . . . today regarding lack of a CASA being provided. I will be clear on the record. The Court can order them, but if there’s not CASA’s available, this Court cannot compel a voluntary agency to engage in a service that they provide to the Court when they have availability.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 19-1177 Filed June 3, 2020
IN THE INTEREST OF O.R., Minor Child,
K.R., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael E. Seymour,
District Associate Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to one of her
children. AFFIRMED.
Katharine Massier of Branstad & Olson Law Office, Des Moines, for
appellant mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Nicole Garbis Nolan of Youth Law Center, Des Moines, attorney and
guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Mullins and Ahlers, JJ. 2
VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to one of her
children, born in 2008. She contends (1) the record lacks clear and convincing
evidence to support termination under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(d) (2019);
(2) the department of human services failed to make reasonable efforts to reunify
her with her child; and (3) “the juvenile court erred in denying [her] motion to
bifurcate the roles of [the child’s] attorney and [guardian ad litem].”
I. Grounds for Termination
The court of appeals recently addressed the termination of the mother’s
parental rights to another child. See In re M.S., No. 19-1550, 2020 WL 377889
(Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 23, 2020). We found the department intervened after learning
“that the man with whom the mother was having a relationship asked the nine-
year-old [half-sibling of the] child to engage in sex acts.” M.S., 2020 WL 377889,
at *1. This appeal involves the nine-year-old half-sibling.
The district court terminated the mother’s parental rights to the child under
several statutory grounds. The mother only challenges the evidence supporting
one of the provisions. Accordingly, she has waived error with respect to the
remaining grounds. In re N.S., No. 14-1375, 2014 WL 5253291, at *3 (Iowa Ct.
App. Oct. 15, 2014) (“When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more
than one statutory ground, we may affirm the order on any ground we find
supported by the record. The mother’s failure to raise the remaining statutory
grounds for termination waives any claim of error related to those grounds.”). That
said, our de novo review of the record convinces us that termination was warranted 3
under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f), which requires proof of several elements,
including proof the child cannot be returned to the mother’s custody.
II. Reasonable Efforts
The mother argues the department failed to make reasonable efforts to
reunify her with the child. See In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000) (noting
that specified termination grounds “contain a common element which implicates
the reasonable effort requirement”). She asserts (a) the department “cancelled a
significant number of . . . visits”; (b) she was not afforded a “professional opinion
from a psychiatrist or psychologist regarding her parenting ability” and was not
assigned a court appointed special advocate; and (c) she was denied her rights to
equal protection and due process as guaranteed by the United States and Iowa
Constitutions.
We addressed certain cancelled visits in our prior opinion. M.S., 2020 WL
377889, at *2. We agreed with the mother that the department did not hold several
visits but noted that the missed time was made up. Id. We concluded “the
department satisfied its reasonable-efforts mandate.” Id.
In this proceeding, the mother filed a “renewed motion for reasonable
efforts” listing a series of canceled visits with the nine-year-old child. She asserted
the child “received only 13.5 hours of visits with her mother as of March 12, 2019,”
which was “still 8.5 hours short.” At the termination hearing, the mother testified
to having “minimal” visits with the child in 2019, but she did not document the
number of missed visits or mention the shorted hours. Although her attorney
attempted to raise the issue during closing argument, the guardian ad litem
objected as beyond the scope of the record. The mother’s attorney conceded she 4
did not elicit testimony on missed visits “in this action.” Without a record, we cannot
address the issue. See State v. Christianson, 337 N.W.2d 502, 504 (Iowa 1983)
(stating it is generally an appellant’s “obligation to provide this court with a record
affirmatively disclosing the error relied upon” and an appellant “may waive error by
failing to provide us with a record that affirmatively shows the basis of the alleged
error.” (citations omitted)).
We turn to the mother’s request for a psychiatric or psychological opinion
about her parenting ability. The mother concedes the district court did not address
the issue. Accordingly, we question whether error was preserved. See Meier v.
Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002) (“It is a fundamental doctrine of
appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the
district court before we will decide them on appeal.”). Bypassing that concern, the
record contains the following opinion of the mother’s therapist on impediments to
appropriate parenting:
[The mother] has been able to voice understanding of safety concerns with her children. As a result of this, [she] has reported a termination in her relationship with her boyfriend and a change in address to reflect this termination. [The mother] is engaged in session and is open and receptive to feedback at this time. Therapist will continue to work with client on increasing affect tolerance, emotional integration and how her past experiences are impacting her current parenting practices.
Several days after the therapist submitted the letter, the department reported that
the mother “was not honest with her therapist or the children’s therapist about the
nature of her relationship with the” man and, specifically, her ongoing sexual
relationship with him. Just before the termination hearing, the mother’s therapist
updated her opinion. She noted that the mother later corrected the misinformation 5
and told her of her continued “sexual relationship with the man.” The therapist
opined that the mother needed to “gain more insight on how her co-parenting
relationship with” the man “could impact this child” and needed to set “healthy,
realistic expectations for this relationship.” In short, the record contains a mental-
health professional’s opinion about the mother’s parenting ability, obviating the
need for the department to schedule another evaluation, as the mother requested.
The mother also argues a court appointed special advocate (CASA) should
have been provided. The district court addressed the issue as follows:
I know there was no evidence presented to this Court . . . today regarding lack of a CASA being provided. I will be clear on the record. The Court can order them, but if there’s not CASA’s available, this Court cannot compel a voluntary agency to engage in a service that they provide to the Court when they have availability. There was no evidence before the Court today regarding a CASA.
In light of the absence of evidence on the issue, we again question whether error
was preserved. We bypass that concern and proceed to the merits.
A “court appointed special advocate” is defined as:
a person duly certified by the child advocacy board created in section 237.16 for participation in the court appointed special advocate program and appointed by the court to represent the interests of a child in any judicial proceeding to which the child is a party or is called as a witness or relating to any dispositional order involving the child resulting from such proceeding.
Iowa Code § 232.2(9). The definition does not charge a CASA with making
reasonable reunification efforts; that obligation rests with the department. See id.
§ 232.102(4)(b) (“If the court transfers custody of the child, unless the court waives
the requirement for making reasonable efforts or otherwise makes a determination
that reasonable efforts are not required, reasonable efforts shall be made to make
it possible for the child to safely return to the family’s home.”), (10)(a) (defining 6
“reasonable efforts” as “the efforts made to preserve and unify a family prior to the
out-of-home placement of a child in foster care or to eliminate the need for removal
of the child or make it possible for the child to safely return to the family’s home”);
C.B., 611 N.W.2d at 493–94 (describing the scope of the efforts by the
department). Accordingly, we conclude the absence of a CASA did not implicate
the department’s reasonable efforts mandate.
Finally, the mother’s constitutional challenges to the claimed denial of
services were neither raised nor decided. Error was not preserved. See In re
Voeltz, 271 N.W.2d 719, 722 (Iowa 1978).
III. Conflict
The district court appointed counsel to serve as the child’s attorney and as
her guardian ad litem. The mother contends the court should have bifurcated the
roles because, in her view, the guardian ad litem “held a strong position that [the
child] should not return to her,” which was “clearly a conflict between [the child]’s
stated wishes.”
Iowa Code section 232.89(4) addresses the roles of guardian ad litem and
counsel for a child:
[T]he court may appoint a separate guardian ad litem, if the same person cannot properly represent the legal interests of the child as legal counsel and also represent the best interest of the child as guardian ad litem, or a separate guardian ad litem is required to fulfill the requirements of subsection 2.
Iowa Code section 232.89(2)(a), in turn, states:
If the child is represented by counsel and the court determines there is a conflict of interest between the child and the child’s parent, guardian or custodian and that the retained counsel could not properly represent the child as a result of the conflict, the court shall 7
appoint other counsel to represent the child, who shall be compensated pursuant to the provisions of subsection 3.
This court addressed a conflict-of-interest situation in In re A.T., 744 N.W.2d 657,
660 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007). The court stated, “[T]he older, more intelligent, and
mature the child is, the more impact the child’s wishes should have, and a child of
sufficient maturity should be entitled to have the attorney advocate for the result
the child desires.” A.T., 744 N.W.2d at 663.
Here, the department obtained a social worker’s opinion stating the child
was “immature for her age” and “[h]er thinking [was] impulsive at times.” At the
termination hearing, the district court noted that it previously “addressed this issue”
and “made specific findings based on the therapist input that she does not believe
that this child is of an emotional age, even if she is 11 at this time, to have an
opinion regarding that matter.” We discern no abuse of discretion in the court’s
ruling. See id. at 665 (setting forth standard of review).
We affirm the termination of the mother’s parental rights to the child.
AFFIRMED.