IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 15-1683 Filed April 27, 2016
IN THE INTEREST OF M.R.P., Minor Child,
A.P., Mother, Petitioner-Appellee,
A.P., Father, Respondent-Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Jasper County, Steven J.
Holwerda, District Associate Judge.
A father appeals from an order terminating his parental rights.
AFFIRMED.
Meegan M. Langmaid-Keller of Keller Law Office, P.C., Altoona, for
appellant.
Hilary J. Montalvo of Caldwell, Brierly, Chalupa & Nuzum, P.L.L.C.,
Newton, for appellee.
Considered by Tabor, P.J., and Bower and McDonald, JJ. 2
MCDONALD, Judge.
On May 20, 2015, Alisha, the mother, filed a petition to terminate Anthony,
the father’s, parental rights in their child, M.P., pursuant to Iowa Code section
600A.8(3)(b) and (4) (2015). The juvenile court found the mother proved the
grounds for termination by clear and convincing evidence. Anthony appeals from
the order terminating his parental rights.
Termination proceedings are reviewed de novo. See In re M.M.S., 502
N.W.2d 4, 5 (Iowa 1993). Although we are not bound by them, the district court’s
findings of fact are given weight, especially its findings regarding the credibility of
witnesses. See id. The statutory grounds authorizing the termination of parental
rights must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. See In re E.K., 568
N.W.2d 829, 831 (Iowa Ct. App. 1997). Our primary consideration is the child’s
best interest. See In re Dameron, 306 N.W.2d 743, 745 (Iowa 1981).
M.P. was born in 2008. The child was a “micro-preemie,” born at twenty-
five weeks. The child has had ongoing and severe medical conditions since the
time of her birth. She had chronic pulmonary conditions, which required her to
use oxygen for the first few years of her life. She was also unable to nurse,
chew, and swallow for a period of time after birth, requiring the use of a
gastrostomy tube, a tube inserted through a port in the abdomen that delivers
nutrition directly to the stomach. The child underwent numerous therapies and
treatments since birth and can now eat; however, she still requires occasional
use of her gastrostomy tube as her medical conditions cause a lack of interest in
or repulsion to eating. M.P. has a medical care plan that requires almost twenty-
four-hour nursing care while at home, school, or any other place. M.P. must 3
have hourly assessments for her gastrointestinal and respiratory issues and
“head-to-toe” assessments every four hours.
The parties were married in 2010, after M.P.’s birth. They separated
within a year. At the time of separation, the family was living in Colorado due to
Anthony’s military service. At the time of separation, Alisha moved back to the
marital home in Newton, Iowa, where she has resided ever since. She has had
the same telephone number during this time period. Anthony moved from
Colorado to Montana in 2012 and then to Michigan in 2014. Anthony did not
provide any number or address to Alisha until April 2015.
In 2012, the parties’ dissolution of marriage was finalized. The parties
were granted joint legal custody of the child. Alisha was granted physical care of
the child, and Anthony was granted visitation. Anthony has not exercised
visitation with the child since the time of the divorce. Anthony was ordered to pay
$345 per month in child support. He has not made any regular child support
payment since December 2012. His tax refunds were garnished in 2013, 2014,
and 2015 to provide some child support for the child. At the time of the
termination hearing, Anthony was approximately $9900 in arrears.
From 2012 through approximately April of 2015, the parties had no contact
with a single exception. The sole contact the parties had during that time was in
the spring of 2014. Alisha called Anthony’s relatives for his contact information,
and he called her in response. She offered to forgive his accumulated child
support debt if he would give up his parental rights. He replied, “Can I think
about it?” He did not call her back. She called Anthony’s number a few days 4
later, but it was disconnected. She did not hear from Anthony for almost another
year.
Anthony initiated contact with Alisha by letter dated April 15, 2015. Alisha
learned from that letter that Anthony had remarried and had a stepson and
daughter with his new spouse. After sending the letter, Anthony began calling
Alisha daily and asking to speak to M.P., who did not remember him. Alisha
suggested Anthony and M.P. reunite with the help of a reunification therapist, an
idea Anthony resisted. Anthony and M.P. eventually spoke on the telephone
twice. At the time of the termination hearing, Anthony had not yet set up an
appointment to meet with M.P. with a reunification therapist. It was after being
contacted by Anthony in April 2015 that Alisha sought to terminate his parental
rights.
In June 2015, Anthony filed paperwork to commence a contempt
proceeding against Alisha. He also demanded a thirty-day visit with M.P. In
early August 2015, Anthony gave Alisha twenty-four hours’ notice that he
intended to pick up M.P. for a visit. He did not offer to have a nurse present for
the visit, despite the fact M.P. is accompanied by a nurse at any time she is not
with a trained family member. Anthony did not have such training. Alisha offered
to bring M.P. to the therapist’s office for a session, but Anthony did not schedule
a session. Anthony contacted the police and demanded to see M.P. Ultimately,
Anthony did not visit with M.P.
Alisha pleaded two grounds for termination of Anthony’s parental rights.
First, she alleged Anthony abandoned the child. See Iowa Code § 600A.8(3)(b).
Second, she alleged Anthony “has been ordered to contribute to the support of 5
the child . . . and has failed to do so without good cause.” Iowa Code
§ 600A.8(4). The juvenile court concluded Alisha proved both grounds
authorizing the termination of Anthony’s parental rights. When a juvenile court
terminates parental rights on more than one ground, we may affirm the order on
any of the grounds. See In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010).
We conclude there is clear and convincing evidence Anthony abandoned
M.P. within the meaning of the statute. A parent is deemed to have abandoned a
child six months of age or older unless the parent maintains substantial and
continuous or repeated contact with the child as demonstrated by contribution
toward support of the child of a reasonable amount, according to the parent’s
means, and as demonstrated by any of the following:
(1) Visiting the child at least monthly when physically and financially able to do so and when not prevented from doing so by the person having lawful custody of the child. (2) Regular communication with the child or with the person having the care or custody of the child, when physically and financially unable to visit the child or when prevented from visiting the child by the person having lawful custody of the child.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 15-1683 Filed April 27, 2016
IN THE INTEREST OF M.R.P., Minor Child,
A.P., Mother, Petitioner-Appellee,
A.P., Father, Respondent-Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Jasper County, Steven J.
Holwerda, District Associate Judge.
A father appeals from an order terminating his parental rights.
AFFIRMED.
Meegan M. Langmaid-Keller of Keller Law Office, P.C., Altoona, for
appellant.
Hilary J. Montalvo of Caldwell, Brierly, Chalupa & Nuzum, P.L.L.C.,
Newton, for appellee.
Considered by Tabor, P.J., and Bower and McDonald, JJ. 2
MCDONALD, Judge.
On May 20, 2015, Alisha, the mother, filed a petition to terminate Anthony,
the father’s, parental rights in their child, M.P., pursuant to Iowa Code section
600A.8(3)(b) and (4) (2015). The juvenile court found the mother proved the
grounds for termination by clear and convincing evidence. Anthony appeals from
the order terminating his parental rights.
Termination proceedings are reviewed de novo. See In re M.M.S., 502
N.W.2d 4, 5 (Iowa 1993). Although we are not bound by them, the district court’s
findings of fact are given weight, especially its findings regarding the credibility of
witnesses. See id. The statutory grounds authorizing the termination of parental
rights must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. See In re E.K., 568
N.W.2d 829, 831 (Iowa Ct. App. 1997). Our primary consideration is the child’s
best interest. See In re Dameron, 306 N.W.2d 743, 745 (Iowa 1981).
M.P. was born in 2008. The child was a “micro-preemie,” born at twenty-
five weeks. The child has had ongoing and severe medical conditions since the
time of her birth. She had chronic pulmonary conditions, which required her to
use oxygen for the first few years of her life. She was also unable to nurse,
chew, and swallow for a period of time after birth, requiring the use of a
gastrostomy tube, a tube inserted through a port in the abdomen that delivers
nutrition directly to the stomach. The child underwent numerous therapies and
treatments since birth and can now eat; however, she still requires occasional
use of her gastrostomy tube as her medical conditions cause a lack of interest in
or repulsion to eating. M.P. has a medical care plan that requires almost twenty-
four-hour nursing care while at home, school, or any other place. M.P. must 3
have hourly assessments for her gastrointestinal and respiratory issues and
“head-to-toe” assessments every four hours.
The parties were married in 2010, after M.P.’s birth. They separated
within a year. At the time of separation, the family was living in Colorado due to
Anthony’s military service. At the time of separation, Alisha moved back to the
marital home in Newton, Iowa, where she has resided ever since. She has had
the same telephone number during this time period. Anthony moved from
Colorado to Montana in 2012 and then to Michigan in 2014. Anthony did not
provide any number or address to Alisha until April 2015.
In 2012, the parties’ dissolution of marriage was finalized. The parties
were granted joint legal custody of the child. Alisha was granted physical care of
the child, and Anthony was granted visitation. Anthony has not exercised
visitation with the child since the time of the divorce. Anthony was ordered to pay
$345 per month in child support. He has not made any regular child support
payment since December 2012. His tax refunds were garnished in 2013, 2014,
and 2015 to provide some child support for the child. At the time of the
termination hearing, Anthony was approximately $9900 in arrears.
From 2012 through approximately April of 2015, the parties had no contact
with a single exception. The sole contact the parties had during that time was in
the spring of 2014. Alisha called Anthony’s relatives for his contact information,
and he called her in response. She offered to forgive his accumulated child
support debt if he would give up his parental rights. He replied, “Can I think
about it?” He did not call her back. She called Anthony’s number a few days 4
later, but it was disconnected. She did not hear from Anthony for almost another
year.
Anthony initiated contact with Alisha by letter dated April 15, 2015. Alisha
learned from that letter that Anthony had remarried and had a stepson and
daughter with his new spouse. After sending the letter, Anthony began calling
Alisha daily and asking to speak to M.P., who did not remember him. Alisha
suggested Anthony and M.P. reunite with the help of a reunification therapist, an
idea Anthony resisted. Anthony and M.P. eventually spoke on the telephone
twice. At the time of the termination hearing, Anthony had not yet set up an
appointment to meet with M.P. with a reunification therapist. It was after being
contacted by Anthony in April 2015 that Alisha sought to terminate his parental
rights.
In June 2015, Anthony filed paperwork to commence a contempt
proceeding against Alisha. He also demanded a thirty-day visit with M.P. In
early August 2015, Anthony gave Alisha twenty-four hours’ notice that he
intended to pick up M.P. for a visit. He did not offer to have a nurse present for
the visit, despite the fact M.P. is accompanied by a nurse at any time she is not
with a trained family member. Anthony did not have such training. Alisha offered
to bring M.P. to the therapist’s office for a session, but Anthony did not schedule
a session. Anthony contacted the police and demanded to see M.P. Ultimately,
Anthony did not visit with M.P.
Alisha pleaded two grounds for termination of Anthony’s parental rights.
First, she alleged Anthony abandoned the child. See Iowa Code § 600A.8(3)(b).
Second, she alleged Anthony “has been ordered to contribute to the support of 5
the child . . . and has failed to do so without good cause.” Iowa Code
§ 600A.8(4). The juvenile court concluded Alisha proved both grounds
authorizing the termination of Anthony’s parental rights. When a juvenile court
terminates parental rights on more than one ground, we may affirm the order on
any of the grounds. See In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010).
We conclude there is clear and convincing evidence Anthony abandoned
M.P. within the meaning of the statute. A parent is deemed to have abandoned a
child six months of age or older unless the parent maintains substantial and
continuous or repeated contact with the child as demonstrated by contribution
toward support of the child of a reasonable amount, according to the parent’s
means, and as demonstrated by any of the following:
(1) Visiting the child at least monthly when physically and financially able to do so and when not prevented from doing so by the person having lawful custody of the child. (2) Regular communication with the child or with the person having the care or custody of the child, when physically and financially unable to visit the child or when prevented from visiting the child by the person having lawful custody of the child. (3) Openly living with the child for a period of six months within the one-year period immediately preceding the termination of parental rights hearing and during that period openly holding himself or herself out to be the parent of the child.
Iowa Code § 600A.8(3)(b). The subjective intent of the parent does not preclude
a determination the parent has abandoned the child. Iowa Code § 600A.8(3)(c).
Anthony has not made a contribution toward support of the child in a
reasonable amount, according to his means. We have recognized a parent’s
financial inability to contribute to the support of the children as justification for a
failure to do so. See, e.g., In re C.C.S., No. 14-1010, 2015 WL 576381, at *3
(Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 11, 2015) (upholding a finding of no abandonment where 6
mother was unemployed). In such cases, however, the parent is making a good
faith effort to support the children. See, e.g., In re J.J., No. 08-2026, 2009 WL
1492860, at *6 (Iowa Ct. App. May 29, 2009) (finding father’s support at forty-five
percent of his ordered obligation was reasonable given his low income). There is
no good faith effort in this case. The parties divorced in 2012, and Anthony
voluntarily paid child support until the end of that year. He remarried during the
same year. His wife has a child from a prior relationship, and Anthony and his
wife have since had another child. Anthony supports his wife and two children
who reside with him. The record reflects he receives non-reportable VA disability
benefits in the amount of $1652 per month. His wife receives a non-reportable
VA caretaker stipend in the amount of $1100 per month. In addition, they own
and operate a computer repair business. Although Anthony testified he earns no
income through the business, he operates the business more than 40 hours per
week, leases storefront, and uses a company car. Despite having these
resources, Anthony has made no or almost no voluntary child support payments
in three years. In addition to not providing meaningful child support, Anthony has
not provided the child with health insurance, assisted with medical expenses or
medical care, or sent the child any gifts since 2012. “[A]bnegation of court-
ordered financial responsibility to a child [is] the equivalent of abandonment.” In
re Kelley, 262 N.W.2d 781, 785 (Iowa 1978).
There is clear and convincing evidence Anthony has not visited the child
monthly despite being able to do so. It is undisputed Anthony has not seen the
child since at least 2012. The mother has resided in the marital home in Newton
since the time of the parties’ separation and has maintained the same phone 7
number. Anthony has family in Newton or the Newton area. From 2012 until
April 2015, Anthony made no attempt to arrange visitation with M.P. At the
termination hearing, Anthony testified he called, sent emails, and sent letters in
an attempt to arrange visitation but Alisha did not respond. He had no
documentation to bolster his testimony. The district court found Anthony’s
testimony not credible. We credit the district court’s credibility determination. We
place no weight on Alisha’s refusal to allow Anthony visitation on short notice in
August of 2015. Anthony had not seen the child in years, and the child did not
know who he was. M.P. has life-threatening medical conditions requiring hourly
monitoring by trained personnel (Alisha is a nurse). Anthony had not made any
arrangements to prepare M.P. or himself for the visitation.
There is clear and convincing evidence Anthony has not had any regular
communication with M.P. Alisha testified Anthony has not attempted to contact
her even though she resides in the marital home and has the same phone
number. Alisha’s current live-in boyfriend testified he had not seen any packages
at their house from Anthony or received any calls there from Anthony between
December 2013 and April 2015. M.P.’s daily nurse, who worked in the home in
2011 and 2012, testified she knew of no contact from Anthony except for one gift
at Christmas 2011 or 2012. The district court believed Alisha and her witnesses
on this point, and we give weight to that credibility finding. Anthony’s failure to
visit the child at least monthly and his failure to have regular communication with
the child were both self-imposed barriers, which do not excuse his conduct. See,
e.g., M.M.S., 502 N.W.2d at 7. 8
Once the statutory requirements for termination have been met, the
petitioner must also show that the termination of parental rights is in the best
interest of the child. In re R.K.B., 572 N.W.2d 600, 602 (Iowa 1998). Alisha
“wins this point in a rout.” Id. Anthony contends the child should meet her
siblings and develop relationships with them. Anthony contends he is, besides
Alisha, the “only other source of guaranteed support” for the child. Anthony
states he can learn how to care for M.P.’s medical needs. However, Anthony
has been the one—not Alisha, and certainly not M.P.—with the power to
introduce the siblings; he has made no such efforts. His contention he is a
source of guaranteed support is belied by the record. And while it is possible he
could learn how to care for this child, his insistence on exercising a visit of thirty
days’ time with M.P. without any prior training on her care suggests he does not
comprehend the seriousness of her situation. Alisha’s live-in boyfriend testified
the care regimen took him months to a year to learn. M.P.’s former nurse
testified when she fills in for the current nurse, she must spend time re-learning
the care plan. M.P.’s care schedule is not something a layperson can pick up on
the fly. See In re C.J.T., No. 09-1243, 2010 WL 1052343, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App.
Mar. 24, 2010) (finding child’s need for close monitoring and specialized care for
his medical condition meant substantial parenting changes would not be in child’s
best interest). Given that this is literally a life or death situation for M.P., our
consideration of her best interest compels us to affirm the district court’s decision
to terminate Anthony’s parental rights.