IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT IN THE INTEREST OF: L.L. & L.L., ) JUVENILES; JUVENILE OFFICER, ) ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) WD83257 (Consolidated with WD83258) ) D.L., ) Opinion filed: August 18, 2020 ) Appellant. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF BOONE COUNTY, MISSOURI THE HONORABLE LESLIE M. SCHNEIDER, JUDGE
Division One: Thomas H. Newton, Presiding Judge, Mark D. Pfeiffer, Judge and Edward R. Ardini, Jr., Judge
Appellant D.L. (“Grandmother”) appeals the trial court’s denial of her motions to intervene
in the juvenile proceedings of her twin grandchildren, L.L. and L.L. (“Children”). Because we lack
jurisdiction to hear this appeal, we dismiss.
Factual and Procedural Background
On May 16, 2017, the Juvenile Officer filed petitions in the Circuit Court of Boone County
alleging that Children were without proper care, custody, or support, and requesting that Children
be “made a ward of the Court under the custody and supervision of the Children’s Division for
Appropriate Placement.” Specifically, the petitions alleged that on the date Children were born— May 1, 2017—their mother (“Mother”) tested positive for amphetamine and benzodiazepine and
that on May 2, 2017, Children tested positive for amphetamine, methamphetamine, diazepam, and
nordiazepam. Additionally, the petitions alleged that Children’s older sibling had been named as
a victim in an earlier Children’s Division investigation, which resulted in findings of illegal drug
use in the home and in the presence of Children’s sibling. The trial court entered Orders of
Protective Custody, placing Children in the temporary custody and supervision of the Children’s
Division.
Children’s juvenile cases proceeded over the next two years. In July 2019, Grandmother
filed requests to intervene in Children’s cases, and on August 26, 2019, the trial court held a
hearing on Grandmother’s motions. At the hearing, counsel for Grandmother advised that
Grandmother was only seeking to intervene in the cases for Children, not their older siblings, and
that Grandmother was “not asking for anything right now except leave to intervene so she can
possibly be of help later” and that she “would like to be kept in the loop and be involved.” Counsel
further advised that: “Just kind of depending on how things go [Grandmother] would like to
eventually petition for guardianship, but we don’t really know where the case is or what’s going
on if she’s not allowed to intervene so she can see whether that’s a viable goal or not.”
The Juvenile Officer, the Children’s Division, and the Guardian ad Litem opposed the
motions to intervene. They expressed concerns that Grandmother’s visits with Children had been
inconsistent, Grandmother had allowed unapproved and unauthorized contact between Children
and Mother during Grandmother’s visits, and that Grandmother was only seeking intervention in
Children’s cases and not for the entire “sibling group.” Grandmother requested to respond to these
concerns, and the trial court permitted her to do so.
2 At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court took the matters under advisement. Later
that day, by docket entries, the trial court denied Grandmother’s motions to intervene. The docket
entry in each case stated, in its entirety: “Order – Denied. After due consideration. Motion to
intervene denied. LS/X (smp).” Grandmother appealed, asserting that the trial court erred in
denying her motions without first finding that intervention would be “against the best interest of
[Children].”1 Additionally, at this Court’s request, Grandmother addressed in her brief whether
she had the right to an immediate appeal of an order overruling a motion to intervene.
Analysis
“[T]he Court has an obligation, acting sua sponte if necessary, to determine its authority to
hear the appeals that come before it.” Glasgow Sch. Dist. v. Howard Cnty. Coroner, 572 S.W.3d
543, 547 (Mo. App. W.D. 2019) (internal marks omitted). “The right to appeal is purely statutory
and where a statute does not give a right to appeal, no right exists.” State ex rel. Koster v.
ConocoPhillips Co., 493 S.W.3d 397, 399 (Mo. banc 2016) (internal marks omitted).
We determine that there is no statutory authority for Grandmother’s immediate appeal of
the denial of her motions to intervene. Although Grandmother asserts the authority for her appeal
is conferred by section 512.020(5), RSMo,2 we disagree. Section 512.020, the general statute
governing civil appeals, provides:
Any party to a suit aggrieved by any judgment of any trial court in any civil cause from which an appeal is not prohibited by the constitution, nor clearly limited in special statutory proceedings, may take his or her appeal to a court having appellate jurisdiction from any:
...
1 “A grandparent shall have a right to intervene in any proceeding initiated pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, in which the custody of a grandchild is in issue, unless the juvenile judge decides after considering a motion to intervene by the grandparent that such intervention is against the best interest of the child.” § 211.177.1, RSMo 2016. 2 All statutory references are to RSMo 2016.
3 (5) Final judgment in the case or from any special order after final judgment in the cause . . . .[3]
The Missouri Supreme Court has recently clarified that section 512.020(5) does not provide
statutory authority for the immediate appeal of an interlocutory order denying intervention. 4 See
ConocoPhillips, 493 S.W.3d at 399-400 (“There is no special statute granting a right to immediate
appeal where a motion to intervene as a matter of right is overruled in an interlocutory order, and
the general statute dealing with civil appeals [section 512.020] grants no such right.” (internal
footnote omitted)). The Missouri Supreme Court further clarified that a prior decision, State ex rel.
Reser v. Martin, 576 S.W.2d 289 (Mo. banc 1978), did not stand for the proposition “that a
proposed intervenor has a right to an immediate appeal from an interlocutory order denying
intervention[]” and “[t]o the extent cases rely on Reser to hold or suggest that a proposed intervenor
has such a right, those cases should no longer be followed.” Id. at 400.
In support of her argument that she is entitled to an immediate appeal of the denial of her
motions to intervene, Grandmother relies on cases decided prior to ConocoPhillips. We do not
find these cases persuasive, however, and instead agree with the recent analysis of this issue in In
the Interest of S.M.B., 588 S.W.3d 641 (Mo. App. S.D. 2019). In S.M.B., proposed intervenors
sought to immediately appeal the trial court’s order denying them leave to intervene in a juvenile
proceeding. 588 S.W.3d at 642. Like Grandmother here, the proposed intervenors, relying on
decisions issued prior to ConocoPhillips, invoked section 510.020 as the basis for their right to
bring an immediate appeal. Id. at 643. However, the Court explained that the trial court’s denial of
3 “Subdivisions (1) through (4) of section 512.020 identify various interlocutory orders and judgments from which an immediate appeal may be taken, but none of those provisions applies to [an] order overruling [a] motion to intervene as a matter of right.” ConocoPhillips, 493 S.W.3d at 400.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT IN THE INTEREST OF: L.L. & L.L., ) JUVENILES; JUVENILE OFFICER, ) ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) WD83257 (Consolidated with WD83258) ) D.L., ) Opinion filed: August 18, 2020 ) Appellant. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF BOONE COUNTY, MISSOURI THE HONORABLE LESLIE M. SCHNEIDER, JUDGE
Division One: Thomas H. Newton, Presiding Judge, Mark D. Pfeiffer, Judge and Edward R. Ardini, Jr., Judge
Appellant D.L. (“Grandmother”) appeals the trial court’s denial of her motions to intervene
in the juvenile proceedings of her twin grandchildren, L.L. and L.L. (“Children”). Because we lack
jurisdiction to hear this appeal, we dismiss.
Factual and Procedural Background
On May 16, 2017, the Juvenile Officer filed petitions in the Circuit Court of Boone County
alleging that Children were without proper care, custody, or support, and requesting that Children
be “made a ward of the Court under the custody and supervision of the Children’s Division for
Appropriate Placement.” Specifically, the petitions alleged that on the date Children were born— May 1, 2017—their mother (“Mother”) tested positive for amphetamine and benzodiazepine and
that on May 2, 2017, Children tested positive for amphetamine, methamphetamine, diazepam, and
nordiazepam. Additionally, the petitions alleged that Children’s older sibling had been named as
a victim in an earlier Children’s Division investigation, which resulted in findings of illegal drug
use in the home and in the presence of Children’s sibling. The trial court entered Orders of
Protective Custody, placing Children in the temporary custody and supervision of the Children’s
Division.
Children’s juvenile cases proceeded over the next two years. In July 2019, Grandmother
filed requests to intervene in Children’s cases, and on August 26, 2019, the trial court held a
hearing on Grandmother’s motions. At the hearing, counsel for Grandmother advised that
Grandmother was only seeking to intervene in the cases for Children, not their older siblings, and
that Grandmother was “not asking for anything right now except leave to intervene so she can
possibly be of help later” and that she “would like to be kept in the loop and be involved.” Counsel
further advised that: “Just kind of depending on how things go [Grandmother] would like to
eventually petition for guardianship, but we don’t really know where the case is or what’s going
on if she’s not allowed to intervene so she can see whether that’s a viable goal or not.”
The Juvenile Officer, the Children’s Division, and the Guardian ad Litem opposed the
motions to intervene. They expressed concerns that Grandmother’s visits with Children had been
inconsistent, Grandmother had allowed unapproved and unauthorized contact between Children
and Mother during Grandmother’s visits, and that Grandmother was only seeking intervention in
Children’s cases and not for the entire “sibling group.” Grandmother requested to respond to these
concerns, and the trial court permitted her to do so.
2 At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court took the matters under advisement. Later
that day, by docket entries, the trial court denied Grandmother’s motions to intervene. The docket
entry in each case stated, in its entirety: “Order – Denied. After due consideration. Motion to
intervene denied. LS/X (smp).” Grandmother appealed, asserting that the trial court erred in
denying her motions without first finding that intervention would be “against the best interest of
[Children].”1 Additionally, at this Court’s request, Grandmother addressed in her brief whether
she had the right to an immediate appeal of an order overruling a motion to intervene.
Analysis
“[T]he Court has an obligation, acting sua sponte if necessary, to determine its authority to
hear the appeals that come before it.” Glasgow Sch. Dist. v. Howard Cnty. Coroner, 572 S.W.3d
543, 547 (Mo. App. W.D. 2019) (internal marks omitted). “The right to appeal is purely statutory
and where a statute does not give a right to appeal, no right exists.” State ex rel. Koster v.
ConocoPhillips Co., 493 S.W.3d 397, 399 (Mo. banc 2016) (internal marks omitted).
We determine that there is no statutory authority for Grandmother’s immediate appeal of
the denial of her motions to intervene. Although Grandmother asserts the authority for her appeal
is conferred by section 512.020(5), RSMo,2 we disagree. Section 512.020, the general statute
governing civil appeals, provides:
Any party to a suit aggrieved by any judgment of any trial court in any civil cause from which an appeal is not prohibited by the constitution, nor clearly limited in special statutory proceedings, may take his or her appeal to a court having appellate jurisdiction from any:
...
1 “A grandparent shall have a right to intervene in any proceeding initiated pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, in which the custody of a grandchild is in issue, unless the juvenile judge decides after considering a motion to intervene by the grandparent that such intervention is against the best interest of the child.” § 211.177.1, RSMo 2016. 2 All statutory references are to RSMo 2016.
3 (5) Final judgment in the case or from any special order after final judgment in the cause . . . .[3]
The Missouri Supreme Court has recently clarified that section 512.020(5) does not provide
statutory authority for the immediate appeal of an interlocutory order denying intervention. 4 See
ConocoPhillips, 493 S.W.3d at 399-400 (“There is no special statute granting a right to immediate
appeal where a motion to intervene as a matter of right is overruled in an interlocutory order, and
the general statute dealing with civil appeals [section 512.020] grants no such right.” (internal
footnote omitted)). The Missouri Supreme Court further clarified that a prior decision, State ex rel.
Reser v. Martin, 576 S.W.2d 289 (Mo. banc 1978), did not stand for the proposition “that a
proposed intervenor has a right to an immediate appeal from an interlocutory order denying
intervention[]” and “[t]o the extent cases rely on Reser to hold or suggest that a proposed intervenor
has such a right, those cases should no longer be followed.” Id. at 400.
In support of her argument that she is entitled to an immediate appeal of the denial of her
motions to intervene, Grandmother relies on cases decided prior to ConocoPhillips. We do not
find these cases persuasive, however, and instead agree with the recent analysis of this issue in In
the Interest of S.M.B., 588 S.W.3d 641 (Mo. App. S.D. 2019). In S.M.B., proposed intervenors
sought to immediately appeal the trial court’s order denying them leave to intervene in a juvenile
proceeding. 588 S.W.3d at 642. Like Grandmother here, the proposed intervenors, relying on
decisions issued prior to ConocoPhillips, invoked section 510.020 as the basis for their right to
bring an immediate appeal. Id. at 643. However, the Court explained that the trial court’s denial of
3 “Subdivisions (1) through (4) of section 512.020 identify various interlocutory orders and judgments from which an immediate appeal may be taken, but none of those provisions applies to [an] order overruling [a] motion to intervene as a matter of right.” ConocoPhillips, 493 S.W.3d at 400. 4 An interlocutory order is “an order that is not final and decides some point or matter between the commencement and the end of a suit but does not resolve the entire controversy.” Buemi v. Kerckhoff, 359 S.W.3d 16, 20 (Mo. banc 2011).
4 the motion to intervene was an interlocutory order, and, after ConocoPhillips, “[s]ection 510.020
can no longer be used as statutory authority for the right to an immediate appeal from the denial
of an interlocutory order and earlier opinions to the contrary are no longer good law.” Id. Because
no statutory authority existed for the proposed intervenors’ appeal of the interlocutory order, the
appeal was dismissed. Id.
We find the same result is warranted here. The trial court’s denials of Grandmother’s
motions to intervene in Children’s cases were interlocutory, and, as explained above, no statute
allows for an immediate appeal of such an interlocutory order. 5 “[A]n appeal that lacks statutory
authority, and thus the right to be brought, is beyond the jurisdiction of this court to hear.” Johnston
v. Saladino Mech. & Cincinnati Ins. Co., 504 S.W.3d 138, 140 (Mo. App. W.D. 2016); see also
Wunderlich v. Wunderlich, 505 S.W.3d 434, 436 (Mo. App. W.D. 2016) (“An appeal without
statutory sanction confers no authority upon an appellate court except to enter an order dismissing
the appeal.”).
Based on the foregoing, we find that we lack jurisdiction to hear this appeal and it must be
dismissed.
Conclusion
Grandmother’s appeal is dismissed.
__________________________________________ EDWARD R. ARDINI, JR., JUDGE All concur.
5 Grandmother argues that ConocoPhillips is not controlling because “[j]uvenile cases are distinguishable from other civil matters, such as the one before the court in [ConocoPhillips].” We recognize, as did the Southern District in S.M.B., “that juvenile cases are often treated differently because of the nature of juvenile proceedings.” See 588 S.W.3d at 643 n.3; see, e.g., In re K.S.W., 454 S.W.3d 422, 427 (Mo. App. W.D. 2015) (“The standard for a ‘final judgment’ in a juvenile case differs from [the] general standard . . . because the very nature of a juvenile proceeding anticipates an on-going consideration,” and thus, “[i]n a juvenile case, once the trial court issues a judgment that includes the disposition or treatment of the juvenile, all the issues before the court have been disposed[.]” (internal marks and emphasis omitted)). Nonetheless, “the court’s holding in ConocoPhillips [makes] clear that [Grandmother] cannot rely on section 512.020 to grant [her] authority to immediately appeal” the trial court’s interlocutory orders. See In re S.M.B., 588 S.W.3d at 643 n.3.