IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-1089 Filed September 14, 2016
IN THE INTEREST OF K.K., Minor child,
N.K., Father, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Hamilton County, Paul B. Ahlers,
District Associate Judge.
The father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child.
AFFIRMED.
Justin J. Kroona of Kroona Law Office, Webster City, for appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Justin T. Deppe of Deppe Law Office, Jewell, guardian ad litem for minor
child.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Tabor, JJ. 2
POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.
A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child, born in
2010.1 He argues the juvenile court abused its discretion in denying a
continuance that would allow him to sit in on the termination hearing by
telephone and the juvenile court should have granted his request for a six-month
extension for reunification. We affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
The family came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human
Services (DHS) in April 2014 when police officers entered the home and found
drug paraphernalia and needles that were accessible to the child. Both the
mother and father admitted to using methamphetamine. The child was placed in
foster care. Following the parents’ substance-abuse treatments, the child was
returned to the mother and father in September 2014, and the case was closed in
January 2015.
Then in March 2015, a child protective assessment was initiated after the
father tested positive for methamphetamine. At this time, the child was placed
with his paternal grandparents. A child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA) application
was filed on March 25, 2015, and the child was adjudicated on May 20, 2015.
After residing with the child’s paternal grandparents for a period, a change in
circumstances required the child be relocated for care by a foster family.
Between May and November 2015, the father attempted to complete drug
treatment programs but was unsuccessful, and as recently as April 13, 2016, he
admitted to using methamphetamine and marijuana. The father did not
1 The mother’s parental rights were also terminated. She is not a party to this appeal. 3
consistently visit with the child while the child was in the custody of the paternal
grandparents or foster parents.
The father was arrested on November 2, 2015, for warrants issued for
probation violations. At the time of arrest, the father was in possession of
methamphetamine. The father remained in custody at a residential correctional
facility from that day until May 2016. Having admitted to drug use while on his
first overnight furlough, the father was sentenced to prison for two years on May
16, 2016.
On June 6, 2016, the court held the termination hearing. The father was
not physically present at the hearing as he was already incarcerated. His
attorney reported to the court the father’s desire to participate telephonically in
the hearing. The father’s attorney indicated that he had attempted to make
arrangements for the father to appear by telephone but had been unsuccessful
due to his untimely request to the corrections facility. The father’s attorney
explained the untimeliness by telling the court about his inability to locate the
father after the father was sentenced and transferred to an unknown prison. The
father’s attorney indicated that his client would have no evidence to present to
challenge the termination but wished to participate by telephone. Counsel
requested a continuance but did not raise any due process objection, nor did he
indicate the father wished to testify or otherwise participate substantively in the
hearing. When asked by the court if his client had testimony he wished to
present that would have any bearing on the issue of termination, the father’s
attorney replied: 4
Yeah, he was not willing to consent. I think he understood that he—you know, being in prison kind of means he doesn’t have much of a case to argue, but he wanted to be able to listen in. I’m not aware of anything he told me that would be testimony that would have contributed that would establish a defense . . . .
Nor did counsel propose an alternative means of testifying or participating.
In its resistance to the continuance, the State noted the father was served
with notice of termination on May 2, 2016, and the termination hearing date was
set on May 11, 2016. The State urged that the father and his attorney had
sufficient time to make arrangements for the father to appear by telephone.
Agreeing with the State, the court denied the motion stating a continuance
was not justified by the father’s and his attorney’s lack of preparedness in
scheduling the teleconference, the motion for continuance itself was untimely
since the father’s attorney did not make the motion until after all parties had
convened at the hearing, and finally, the father had no evidence to present and
no substantial argument to make in resistance to the termination of his parental
rights.
On June 6, 2016, the juvenile court terminated the father’s parental rights
pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) (2015).
The father appeals.
II. Standard of Review
We review the juvenile court’s decision to terminate parental rights de
novo. In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219 (Iowa 2016). In doing so, we apply the
three-step analysis:
The first step is to determine whether any ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been established. If we find that a ground for termination has been established, then we determine 5
whether the best-interest framework as laid out in section 232.116(2) supports the termination of parental rights. Finally, if we do find that the statutory best-interest framework supports the termination of parental rights, we consider whether any exceptions in section 232.116(3) apply to preclude termination of parental rights.
Id. at 219–20 (citations omitted).
We review the court’s denial of the motion for a continuance for abuse of
discretion. See In re R.B., 832 N.W.2d 375, 378 (Iowa Ct. App. 2013) (citations
omitted).
III. Discussion
A. Continuance
The father maintains the juvenile court abused its discretion by not
granting a continuance to permit the father to participate in the hearing by
telephone. Because the father was incarcerated at the time of the hearing, he
could not be physically present. However, he contends that he was entitled to
telephonic presence and that if the court had allowed him additional time, the
father’s attorney could have made a timely request to the corrections facility and
made appropriate arrangements. He further asserts neither the State nor the
child would have been prejudiced by the court’s granting of the continuance, as
not much time was needed to accomplish the telephone request.
The father did not raise the issue as a due process claim. Even if the
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-1089 Filed September 14, 2016
IN THE INTEREST OF K.K., Minor child,
N.K., Father, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Hamilton County, Paul B. Ahlers,
District Associate Judge.
The father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child.
AFFIRMED.
Justin J. Kroona of Kroona Law Office, Webster City, for appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Justin T. Deppe of Deppe Law Office, Jewell, guardian ad litem for minor
child.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Tabor, JJ. 2
POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.
A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child, born in
2010.1 He argues the juvenile court abused its discretion in denying a
continuance that would allow him to sit in on the termination hearing by
telephone and the juvenile court should have granted his request for a six-month
extension for reunification. We affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
The family came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human
Services (DHS) in April 2014 when police officers entered the home and found
drug paraphernalia and needles that were accessible to the child. Both the
mother and father admitted to using methamphetamine. The child was placed in
foster care. Following the parents’ substance-abuse treatments, the child was
returned to the mother and father in September 2014, and the case was closed in
January 2015.
Then in March 2015, a child protective assessment was initiated after the
father tested positive for methamphetamine. At this time, the child was placed
with his paternal grandparents. A child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA) application
was filed on March 25, 2015, and the child was adjudicated on May 20, 2015.
After residing with the child’s paternal grandparents for a period, a change in
circumstances required the child be relocated for care by a foster family.
Between May and November 2015, the father attempted to complete drug
treatment programs but was unsuccessful, and as recently as April 13, 2016, he
admitted to using methamphetamine and marijuana. The father did not
1 The mother’s parental rights were also terminated. She is not a party to this appeal. 3
consistently visit with the child while the child was in the custody of the paternal
grandparents or foster parents.
The father was arrested on November 2, 2015, for warrants issued for
probation violations. At the time of arrest, the father was in possession of
methamphetamine. The father remained in custody at a residential correctional
facility from that day until May 2016. Having admitted to drug use while on his
first overnight furlough, the father was sentenced to prison for two years on May
16, 2016.
On June 6, 2016, the court held the termination hearing. The father was
not physically present at the hearing as he was already incarcerated. His
attorney reported to the court the father’s desire to participate telephonically in
the hearing. The father’s attorney indicated that he had attempted to make
arrangements for the father to appear by telephone but had been unsuccessful
due to his untimely request to the corrections facility. The father’s attorney
explained the untimeliness by telling the court about his inability to locate the
father after the father was sentenced and transferred to an unknown prison. The
father’s attorney indicated that his client would have no evidence to present to
challenge the termination but wished to participate by telephone. Counsel
requested a continuance but did not raise any due process objection, nor did he
indicate the father wished to testify or otherwise participate substantively in the
hearing. When asked by the court if his client had testimony he wished to
present that would have any bearing on the issue of termination, the father’s
attorney replied: 4
Yeah, he was not willing to consent. I think he understood that he—you know, being in prison kind of means he doesn’t have much of a case to argue, but he wanted to be able to listen in. I’m not aware of anything he told me that would be testimony that would have contributed that would establish a defense . . . .
Nor did counsel propose an alternative means of testifying or participating.
In its resistance to the continuance, the State noted the father was served
with notice of termination on May 2, 2016, and the termination hearing date was
set on May 11, 2016. The State urged that the father and his attorney had
sufficient time to make arrangements for the father to appear by telephone.
Agreeing with the State, the court denied the motion stating a continuance
was not justified by the father’s and his attorney’s lack of preparedness in
scheduling the teleconference, the motion for continuance itself was untimely
since the father’s attorney did not make the motion until after all parties had
convened at the hearing, and finally, the father had no evidence to present and
no substantial argument to make in resistance to the termination of his parental
rights.
On June 6, 2016, the juvenile court terminated the father’s parental rights
pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) (2015).
The father appeals.
II. Standard of Review
We review the juvenile court’s decision to terminate parental rights de
novo. In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219 (Iowa 2016). In doing so, we apply the
three-step analysis:
The first step is to determine whether any ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been established. If we find that a ground for termination has been established, then we determine 5
whether the best-interest framework as laid out in section 232.116(2) supports the termination of parental rights. Finally, if we do find that the statutory best-interest framework supports the termination of parental rights, we consider whether any exceptions in section 232.116(3) apply to preclude termination of parental rights.
Id. at 219–20 (citations omitted).
We review the court’s denial of the motion for a continuance for abuse of
discretion. See In re R.B., 832 N.W.2d 375, 378 (Iowa Ct. App. 2013) (citations
omitted).
III. Discussion
A. Continuance
The father maintains the juvenile court abused its discretion by not
granting a continuance to permit the father to participate in the hearing by
telephone. Because the father was incarcerated at the time of the hearing, he
could not be physically present. However, he contends that he was entitled to
telephonic presence and that if the court had allowed him additional time, the
father’s attorney could have made a timely request to the corrections facility and
made appropriate arrangements. He further asserts neither the State nor the
child would have been prejudiced by the court’s granting of the continuance, as
not much time was needed to accomplish the telephone request.
The father did not raise the issue as a due process claim. Even if the
father had framed his argument as a denial of due process, he would not be
successful. Due process does not require the physical attendance of an
incarcerated parent in parental-rights-termination cases. See In re J.S., 470
N.W.2d 48, 52 (Iowa Ct. App. 1991). “Where a parent receives notice of the 6
petition and hearing, is represented by counsel, counsel is present at the
termination hearing, and the parent has an opportunity to present testimony by
deposition, we cannot say the parent has been deprived of fundamental
fairness.” Id. However, as we have said in the past, it is preferable for a parent
to be present—either in person, telephonically, or through video conferencing—
whenever practically feasible. See In re N.H., No. 15-0691, 2015 WL 5577069,
at *3 n.2 (Iowa Ct. App. Sept. 23, 2015).
In discussing the due process requirements in our prior cases, we have
set forth minimum requirements only. “We see ample reasons why an
incarcerated parent should be permitted to” participate in termination
proceedings. In re K.M., 16-0795, 2016 WL 4379375, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. Aug.
17, 2016). “If a witness is providing untruthful or biased testimony about an
interaction with the parent, it is the parent who is in the best position to recognize
it.” Id. Allowing an incarcerated parent to participate in the proceeding as
evidence is presented provides that parent with a meaningful opportunity to
assist their counsel in defending their case. See id.
While the father’s attorney moved for a continuance so the father could
appear by telephone at a future date, he did not raise the due process issue in
the juvenile court, and we do not decide whether the denial of continuance
implicated the due process clause. See In re A.M., 856 N.W.2d 365, 371 n.5
(Iowa 2014) (declining to discuss a constitutional issue first raised on appeal from
a termination of parental rights). We find the court’s denial of a continuance
within the bounds of its discretion on this record. 7
B. Request for Six-Month Extension for Reunification
The father also maintains the court erred in determining an additional six
months to work toward reunification was not warranted. The father does not
argue the statutory grounds have not been met;2 rather, he argues he should be
allowed additional time to show he is capable of parenting his child. In support,
the father claims there was clear and convincing evidence that the need for
removal of his child from his home would no longer exist at the end of the
additional six-month period, as the father’s date of release from incarceration
would occur prior to the expiration of the additional six months and that prior to
the current incarceration, the father had provided financial stability and a safe
home for his family. However, the father’s attorney did not present any evidence
at the termination hearing or in this appeal.
On our review, we do not find clear and convincing evidence to support
the father’s assertions. A date certain for the father’s release from incarceration
is not clear, and we have no evidence before us to show the father is working on
his sobriety by participating in any programs while he is incarcerated.
Additionally, we do not know what his employment status will be or if he will have
an appropriate home upon release from incarceration. We are not convinced
that an extension of six months was warranted under the circumstances.
2 At the termination hearing, the court asked the father’s attorney if the elements under section 232.116(1)(f) had been met, to which the father’s attorney replied entirely in the affirmative. Additionally, the court asked the father’s attorney if his client would be challenging the termination under the best-interest-of-the-child standard or the permissive factors weighing against termination in section 232.116(3). The father’s attorney said yes as to the best-interest standard only, but when asked if he had any evidence for the father, he replied in the negative. 8
Additionally, the father’s prior attempts at sobriety have been
unsuccessful, and “[t]he future can be gleaned from evidence of the parents’ past
performance and motivations.” In re T.B., 604 N.W.2d 660, 662 (Iowa 2000).
We hold the juvenile court did not err in declining to grant the father additional
time.
Based on the foregoing, we affirm.