in the Interest of J.-M. A.Y., a Minor Child
This text of in the Interest of J.-M. A.Y., a Minor Child (in the Interest of J.-M. A.Y., a Minor Child) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.
Opinion
ACCEPTED 01-15-00469-CV FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS 8/18/2015 11:32:22 AM CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK
No. 01-15-00469-CV __________________________________________________________ FILED IN 1st COURT OF APPEALS IN THE COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS FOR THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT8/18/2015 11:32:22 AM OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE Clerk __________________________________________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF J-M. A.Y., Child __________________________________________________________
J.J.K. Appellant
v.
DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY & PROTECTIVE SERVICES, Appellee __________________________________________________________
APPEALED FROM THE 313th DISTRICT COURT OF HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, Trial Cause No. 2014-01481J __________________________________________________________
APPELLEE’S BRIEF
VINCE RYAN, COUNTY ATTORNEY State Bar #99999939 By: Sandra Hachem State Bar No. 08667060 Assistant County Attorney 1019 Congress, 17th Floor Houston, Texas 77002 Telephone: (713) 274-5293 Facsimile: (713) 713/437-4700 Email: sandra.hachem@cao.hctx.net ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE, DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY & PROTECTIVE SERVICES
ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED [If Deemed Necessary] TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... ii
Index of Authorities ................................................................................................. iii
Statement of the Case ................................................................................................. v
Reply Point ................................................................................................................. v
Statement of Facts ...................................................................................................... 1
Summary of Argument ............................................................................................. 19
Argument and Authorities ........................................................................................ 22
REPLY POINT: The evidence sufficiently supported the court’s decision to terminate JJK’s parental rights ...................................................... 22
1) Applicable Law and Standard of Review ............................................ 22 2) The undisputed evidence of JJK’s pattern of illegal drug activities, before and after her children were born, as well as after they came in State care, provided sufficient proof that she endangered her children for findings under Subsections (D) and (E) of Section 161.001(1) of the Family Code. .............................. 25 3) Though review of O ground is unnecessary JJK’s admission that she violated her court ordered service plan by engaging in illegal drug use and failing to complete tasks supported the court’s finding under subsection (O). ................................................... 29 4) The evidence supporting the court’s findings under Subsections D, E and O of Section 161.001(1) of the Family Code adequately supported the court’s finding that termination was in the children’s best interest. ................................... 30 Prayer for Relief ....................................................................................................... 34 Certificate of Service ............................................................................................... 34 Certificate of Compliance With Word Count ........................................................... 35 Appendix ......................................................................................................(attached)
ii INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES PAGE
In re A.L.W., No. 01-14-00805-CV, 2015 WL 4262754 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) ................................. 31
In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003)......................................................22, 29
In re B.B., 971 S.W.2d 160 (Tex. App.―Beaumont 1998, pet. denied) .................. 26
In re B.H., No. 01-10-00415-CV, 2011 WL 4501940 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dis.] 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.) ........................................................................ 28
In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17 (Tex. 2002) ..........................................................23, 24, 33
Callahan v. Brazoria County Child Prot.Servs. Unit., 2003 WL 2199952 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.) (mem. op.) .................................. 28
In re D.J.W., 394 S.W.3d 210 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied). ................................................................................................ 27
In re E.A.F., 424 S.W.3d 742 (Tex. App.―Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied) ............................................................................................23, 29
Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 (Tex. 1976), ....................................................... 30
IKB Indus (Nigeria) Ltd. v. Pro Line Corp., 938 S.W.2d 440 (Tex. 1997). ............. 23
In re I.R., No. 14-14-00626-CV, 2014 WL 6854747 (Tex. App.―Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) ...................................................................................... 32
In re. J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256 (Tex. 2002) ...........................................................23, 24
In re J.O.A., 183 S.W.3d 336 (Tex. 2009)................................................................ 27
Jordan v. Dossey, 325 S.W.3d 700 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. denied) .................................................................................. 33
iii In re J.T.G., 121 S.W.3d 117 (Tex. App.―Fort Worth 2003, no pet.)...................... 28
Latham v. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 177 S.W.3d 341 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.)..................................................... 27
P.W. v. Dept of Fam. & Prot. Servs., 403 S.W.3d 471 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) ................................... 32
In re S.R., No. 14-14-00393-CV, 2014 WL 5898453 (Tex. App.― Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) ....................................................................... 28
Texas Dep't of Human Servs. v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531 (Tex.1987) ........................ 25
In re D.J.W., 394 S.W.3d 210, 221 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied)
STATUTES
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 101.007
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
ACCEPTED 01-15-00469-CV FIRST COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS 8/18/2015 11:32:22 AM CHRISTOPHER PRINE CLERK
No. 01-15-00469-CV __________________________________________________________ FILED IN 1st COURT OF APPEALS IN THE COURT OF APPEALS HOUSTON, TEXAS FOR THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT8/18/2015 11:32:22 AM OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE Clerk __________________________________________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF J-M. A.Y., Child __________________________________________________________
J.J.K. Appellant
v.
DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY & PROTECTIVE SERVICES, Appellee __________________________________________________________
APPEALED FROM THE 313th DISTRICT COURT OF HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, Trial Cause No. 2014-01481J __________________________________________________________
APPELLEE’S BRIEF
VINCE RYAN, COUNTY ATTORNEY State Bar #99999939 By: Sandra Hachem State Bar No. 08667060 Assistant County Attorney 1019 Congress, 17th Floor Houston, Texas 77002 Telephone: (713) 274-5293 Facsimile: (713) 713/437-4700 Email: sandra.hachem@cao.hctx.net ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE, DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY & PROTECTIVE SERVICES
ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED [If Deemed Necessary] TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... ii
Index of Authorities ................................................................................................. iii
Statement of the Case ................................................................................................. v
Reply Point ................................................................................................................. v
Statement of Facts ...................................................................................................... 1
Summary of Argument ............................................................................................. 19
Argument and Authorities ........................................................................................ 22
REPLY POINT: The evidence sufficiently supported the court’s decision to terminate JJK’s parental rights ...................................................... 22
1) Applicable Law and Standard of Review ............................................ 22 2) The undisputed evidence of JJK’s pattern of illegal drug activities, before and after her children were born, as well as after they came in State care, provided sufficient proof that she endangered her children for findings under Subsections (D) and (E) of Section 161.001(1) of the Family Code. .............................. 25 3) Though review of O ground is unnecessary JJK’s admission that she violated her court ordered service plan by engaging in illegal drug use and failing to complete tasks supported the court’s finding under subsection (O). ................................................... 29 4) The evidence supporting the court’s findings under Subsections D, E and O of Section 161.001(1) of the Family Code adequately supported the court’s finding that termination was in the children’s best interest. ................................... 30 Prayer for Relief ....................................................................................................... 34 Certificate of Service ............................................................................................... 34 Certificate of Compliance With Word Count ........................................................... 35 Appendix ......................................................................................................(attached)
ii INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES PAGE
In re A.L.W., No. 01-14-00805-CV, 2015 WL 4262754 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) ................................. 31
In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003)......................................................22, 29
In re B.B., 971 S.W.2d 160 (Tex. App.―Beaumont 1998, pet. denied) .................. 26
In re B.H., No. 01-10-00415-CV, 2011 WL 4501940 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dis.] 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.) ........................................................................ 28
In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17 (Tex. 2002) ..........................................................23, 24, 33
Callahan v. Brazoria County Child Prot.Servs. Unit., 2003 WL 2199952 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.) (mem. op.) .................................. 28
In re D.J.W., 394 S.W.3d 210 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied). ................................................................................................ 27
In re E.A.F., 424 S.W.3d 742 (Tex. App.―Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied) ............................................................................................23, 29
Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 (Tex. 1976), ....................................................... 30
IKB Indus (Nigeria) Ltd. v. Pro Line Corp., 938 S.W.2d 440 (Tex. 1997). ............. 23
In re I.R., No. 14-14-00626-CV, 2014 WL 6854747 (Tex. App.―Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) ...................................................................................... 32
In re. J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256 (Tex. 2002) ...........................................................23, 24
In re J.O.A., 183 S.W.3d 336 (Tex. 2009)................................................................ 27
Jordan v. Dossey, 325 S.W.3d 700 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. denied) .................................................................................. 33
iii In re J.T.G., 121 S.W.3d 117 (Tex. App.―Fort Worth 2003, no pet.)...................... 28
Latham v. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 177 S.W.3d 341 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.)..................................................... 27
P.W. v. Dept of Fam. & Prot. Servs., 403 S.W.3d 471 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) ................................... 32
In re S.R., No. 14-14-00393-CV, 2014 WL 5898453 (Tex. App.― Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) ....................................................................... 28
Texas Dep't of Human Servs. v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531 (Tex.1987) ........................ 25
In re D.J.W., 394 S.W.3d 210, 221 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied)
STATUTES
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 101.007 (West 2008) .......................................................... 24
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001 (West 2008) ................ v, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.307 (West 2008) ....................................................30, 31
RULES
Tex. R. Civ. P. 306 ................................................................................................ v, 23
iv STATMEMENT OF THE CASE
This brief responds to the brief brought by JJK1 from a parental termination
judgment. CR2 77. On April 29, 2015, after a full bench trial, the trial court signed
a judgment that terminated the parental rights of JJK, TC and JY3 and appointed
the Department as the child’s sole managing conservator.4 CR 78-80. Per Tex. R.
Civ. P. 306, the judgment recited that the parental rights of JJK were terminated
because it was in the child’s best interest and based on Texas Family Code
§161.001(1)(D), (E), and (O). CR 78-80. On May 19, 2015, JJK filed a timely
notice of appeal. CR 108. No motion for new trial was filed and no other parent
filed a notice of appeal. In this appeal, the Appellant’s brief of JJK challenges the
sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings under Section 161.001(1)(E)
and (2) of the Family Code to warrant parental termination, but does not challenge
the court’s findings under Section 161.001(1)(D) and (O) or the court’s decision to
appoint the Department as sole managing conservator.
REPLY POINT
The evidence sufficiently supported the court’s decision to terminate JJK’s parental rights.
1 In this brief, “JJK” refers to the mother, the appellant in this case. 2 In this brief, “CR” refers to the Clerk’s Record filed in this appeal. 3 In this brief, “TC“ and “JY” refer to the two fathers in this case. They did not appeal. 4 The decree also denied all relief sought by the intervenor, RJ. CR 79. RJ did not appeal.
v No. 01-15-00469-CV __________________________________________________________
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON __________________________________________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF J-M. A.Y., Child __________________________________________________________
DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY & PROTECTIVE SERVICES, Appellee __________________________________________________________
TO THE HONORABLE JUSTICES OF THE COURT OF APPEALS:
Department of Family & Protective Services, Appellee, [hereinafter
“Department”] submits this brief in response to the Appellant’s Brief of JJK.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
In the early spring of 2007, JJK gave birth to a son (TJC).5 RR-46 p. 12. TC
was listed on the birth certificate as the child’s father. RR-4 p. 12. When their son
was born, JJK was almost 20 years old and TC was about 24. RR-4 p. 12 (JJK:
5 In this brief, “TJC” refers to the first child born by JJK in 2007. 6 In this brief, “RR-4” refers to the fourth volume of the reporter’s record which has the exhibits admitted at trial.
-1- DOB 1/25/87; TC: DOB 1/25/1987). JJK was not married to TC but they had an
ongoing relationship and she was with him until she was five months pregnant.
RR-37 p. 23.
TC and JJK would use marijuana together. RR-3 p. 90. TC had been using
marijuana since he was about 21. RR-3 p. 91. Not surprisingly, as a consequence,
he had long history of drug related convictions related to marijuana even before he
met JJK. RR-4 p. 91; RR-4 p. 80-82 (2005 possession marijuana); RR-4 p. 85
(2006 possession marijuana); RR-4 p. 96 (2003 possession marijuana); RR-4 p.
100-02 (2000 possession marijuana); RR-4 p. 110-12 (possession marijuana on
school premises). He got his first conviction for drug related activities after their
son was born on September 27, 2008 when he was arrested for concealing
marijuana with intent to impair its availability. RR-4 p. 73.
About a month later, on October 25, 2008, when their son was less than a
year old, TC painfully struck JJK with pool equipment and several employees had
to stop him from committing further violence. RR-4 p. 90. The father was
subsequently charged with assault causing bodily injury-family violence. RR-4 p.
90. It was noted on his complaint that he also had related cases for “criminal
mischief, evading arr … and interference w/emg call.” RR-4 p. 90.
The next month, TC pled guilty to his earlier tampering with evidence
7 “RR-3” refers to the third volume of the reporter’s record – the transcript of testimony from trial.
-2- charge and received 90 days in the county jail under the terms of a plea bargain on
November 13, 2008. RR-4 p. 76. About eight months later, on June 8, 2009, TC
was arrested for possessing a controlled substance (alprazolam) in a drug-free zone
of a high school. RR-4 p. 58. He was also arrested for possessing marijuana. RR-
4 p. 64. He later pled guilty on both and received jail time. RR-4 p. 60 and p. 66.
In August 2009, the child’s mother (JJK) got her first illegal drug conviction
when she pled guilty to possession of marijuana and was sentenced 10 days in the
county jail. RR-4 p. 45. The Department received an allegation on the parents that
same month. RR-4 p. 117. That same year, the child’s father (TC) was sentenced
to 150 days in jail for the earlier assault he committed against JJK. RR-4 p. 93.
In the late spring of 2011, JJK gave birth to a second son (JAY).8 RR-4 p.
14. His father was JY. RR-3 p. 116. The next year, on August 14, 2012, the
Department received a referral listing JJK as a perpetrator in an incident involving
both children as victims. RR-4 p. 117.
In 2013, TC was charged with another offense involving family violence and
upon pleading guilty he received a five-year sentence and community supervision.
RR-4 p. 51-54. The terms of the community supervision restricted TC from
contacting the complainant, Monique Perry. RR-4 p. 54. Before the end of 2013,
the Department received two more referrals concerning the children. RR-4 p. 117.
8 In this brief “JAY” refers to the second child born to JJK in 2011.
-3- In 2014, when the children were about two and seven years of age, the
Department received a referral that JJK allowed her son to buy weed with an uncle
and JJK was smoking marijuana while the children were present. RR-4 p. 16. It
was reported that the mother had a mental illness and was not on her medication
and that the Department had experience with her in the past where she used other
people’s urine to pass a drug test. RR-4 p. 16.
On March 18, 2014, the Department filed an original petition that included
an affidavit requesting removal of the child into the Department’s care. CR 3;
Appendix,9 Attachment 1. The Department took emergency temporary custody of
the children on March 2, 2014. RR-3 p. 95. The court signed an order when the
Department’s suit was filed ordering the clerk to issue notice to the parents that
they must appear before the court on April 1, 2014. Appendix, Attachment 2. In
compliance with that order, JJK appeared in the courtroom on April 1, 2014 where
the suit was formally executed to confirm personal service upon JJK. RR-4 p. 6.
After the hearing on April 1, the Court signed an order that appointed the
Department as the children’s temporary managing conservator. RR-4 p. 116;
Appendix, Attachment 3. The court’s order also included a warning in bolded print
that notified the parents that compliance with the requirements in the Department’s
9 The items that are in the appendix do not appear in the current Clerk’s Record, but the undersigned attorney has prepared a letter to the clerk’s office requesting that these documents be supplemented in the current record.
-4- service plan would be necessary for reunification and failure to comply could
result in restriction or termination of parental rights. Appendix, Attachment 3 p. 6.
The court signed a separate order on April 1, 2014 that required JJK and the
alleged fathers to submit to drug testing. Appendix, Attachment 4. In compliance
with that order, JJK submitted to a drug test and the report that came back from
Quest Diagnostics indicated positive results for cocaine and marijuana. RR-4 p.
128 and 130. The father, JY, also submitted to a drug test on that date and his test
revealed a positive result for marijuana. RR-4 p. 168. TC submitted hair for a drug
test the next month, and it showed positive results for marijuana. RR-4 p. 156.
A service plan for JJK was prepared and filed with the court that same
month that stated the Department’s initial concerns on 4/18/2014 as follows:
[JAY] is two years old under the age of five. [TJC] is 7 years old. Both children are unable to protect themselves from danger.
[JJK] is significantly lacking knowledge of child development and the parenting skills needed to meet any child behavioral and developmental needs. [JJK] discipline practices for the children seem violent and out of control. [JJK] has mental illness of bipolar and is abusing drugs and alcohol. The parents engage in criminal active of selling drugs. The parents ware children of CPS and suffer from abuse and neglect.
The parents needy and self-centered needs are placed inappropriately above the needs of the children. [JJK] has allowed the children to be inadequately supervised, while she and other around the children engage in using drugs.
-5- The parents appear unwilling or unable to meet any child's immediate needs that might result in Immediate danger of serious harm. [JJK] has two prior abuse/neglect Investigation by CPS.
[JJK] home is crowded/chaotic that responsibility for caregiving is unclear, leading no one to assume responsibility for the children. The behaviors of the household member expose children to danger. The parents have history of criminal involvement, violent behavior, and have been a victim of family violence.
[JJK] deny, seem unaware of, and take the allegations less seriously than DFPS. [JJK] was hostile toward or refusing to cooperate with DFPS at the investigation stage of the case.
[JJK] appear unwilling or unable to protect any child from other persons who may inflict serious harm.
RR-4 p. 17; CR 40.
The service plan include numerous tasks to meet the stated goals including:
participation in anger management, domestic violence classes, psychiatric and
psycho-social evaluations, parenting classes, drug and alcohol assessment and
recommendations, random drug testing, maintain employment and housing for
more than 6 months, maintain visits with the children, refrain from illegal activities
and contact the caseworker in the event of a change in address. RR-4 p. 18-20.
The court signed an order on April 13, 2015 that approved the service plan filed
with the court. CR 73. JJK signed the plan on April 21, 2014. RR-4 p. 22.
On July 10, 2014, JJK was tested for drugs and her hair specimen test
indicated positive results for cocaine and marijuana. RR-4 p. 138. In August, it was
reported by the drug laboratory that there was insufficient specimen quantity for a
-6- complete analysis. RR-4 p. 143. In December of 2014, the hair specimen was
tested and indicated positive results for cocaine and marijuana. RR-4 p. 146.
In February of 2015, the Department filed a report on the status of the case.
RR-4 p. 115. The report noted several items that JJK successfully completed.
Namely, she had been successfully discharged from individual therapy and
completed her parenting and anger management classes. RR-4 p. 123. She had
done her drug and alcohol assessment and was attending outpatient counseling.
RR-4 p. 13. She had not provided a lease but stated she was living with her
mother. RR-4 p. 123. Also, she was employed at her sister’s hair salon. RR-4 p.
123. Nevertheless, there had been some positive drug tests, she no showed for
some and tested positive for cocaine and marijuana as recently as December 9,
2014. RR-4 p. 123. The report recommended termination of the parent’s rights to
allow the maternal grandfather10 to adopt both children. RR-4 p. 124. In March, a
hair specimen was taken from JJK and the laboratory test indicated positive results
for cocaine and marijuana. RR-4 p. 151.
On April 2, 2015, trial commenced. RR-211 p. 1. The first witness was
Bruce Jefferies, Owner of the National Screening Center. RR-2 p. 12. He was
asked to comment on JJK’s drug results. RR-2 p. 14. He stated her hair specimen
10 In the brief, the maternal grandfather will be referred to as “Mr. King.” 11 In this brief, “RR-2” refers to the second volume of the reporter’s record. The first day of testimony at trial.
-7- test in April of 2014 showed positive results for methamphetamine, cocaine and
marijuana on the outside and inside of her hair and a urine test showed a positive
result for marijuana. RR-2 p. 14. He stated her next zero tolerance hair test on
May 6, 2014 was positive for cocaine and marijuana. RR-2 p. 14. He stated there
also was a positive result for xanax. RR-2 p. 14.
At her next drug test in July, there was positive results for cocaine and
marijuana and xanax. RR-2 pp. 14-15. Her August test was positive for marijuana
on the outside of her hair and her urine test was positive for xanax. RR-2 p. 15. In
December, her hair again tested positive for cocaine and marijuana and again she
tested positive for xanax. RR-2 p. 15. Mr. Jeffries stated that her March 2015 hair
test was positive for cocaine and marijuana and her urine test was positive in the
benzodiazepines family for xanax. RR-2 p. 16.
At the end of Mr. Jeffries’ testimony, the case was recessed and resumed on
April 13, 2015. RR-3 p. 1. JJK was then called to testify. RR-3 p. 7.
JJK claimed that her children came into care on a false accusation of drug
use. RR-3 p. 8. She acknowledged, however, that she was positive for marijuana
and cocaine during this case. RR-3 p. 11. JJK said she heard the testimony from
Mr. Jeffries indicating she was using cocaine throughout, but she stated she did not
do cocaine – just marijuana. RR-3 p. 11-12. She stated she tested positive for
cocaine, because she was selling cocaine in the beginning. RR-3 p. 12.
-8- JJK stated she signed her Family Plan of Service and it was explained to her
that by completing it that would be a way of regaining custody of her children. RR-
3 p. 14. She stated she did all of her services, but was unsuccessfully discharged
from two of them: group and drug counseling. RR-3 p. 14. She stated she was
unsuccessfully discharged from drug counseling because they found cocaine in her
hair in December. RR-3 p. 15. She acknowledged part of her plan of service was
to test negative, and she did not test negative on all. RR-3 p. 15-16.
JJK stated she was currently employed as a hair stylist. RR-3 p. 16. She
stated she goes to her clients, because she was in the process of moving. RR-3 p.
16. She stated she moved in with her mom when her lease was up, because she did
not know what was going to happen in her case. RR-3 p. 17.
JJK stated despite the support of her family she still used drugs, but
corrected herself and said: “I’m lyin’. I only used drugs in the beginning when
ya’ll – when the case started, that when I stopped. I have not used since March
11th” … “2014.” RR-3 p. 19-20.
She stated the only thing she did was marijuana and selling crack. RR-3 p.
21. She stated she would buy the crack and double her money. RR-3 p. 22. She
stated that she receives a check from the government for $700 every month for her
children. RR-3 p. 22.
JJK stated she was never married. RR-3 p. 22. JJK acknowledged that her
-9- first child’s father, TC, was arrested and convicted several times and she filed
charges on him. RR-3 p. 28. She stated she had a relationship with TC for a year,
but broke up with him when she was five months pregnant because he was very
abusive and also did very violent things. RR-3 p. 23 and p. 27. She described one
violent incident as follows:
Oh, he put a whole shoe on my car by the gas tank in front of my mama’s house, lit it on fire, waited ‘til it go to this much of the sole, (indicates) call my mamma and told my mama if she don’t want us to die that she may want to get that fire out the yard.
RR-3 p. 27. She stated that TC had been paying child support but was behind. RR-
3 p. 24. She indicated the money goes to a debit card and the card was still in her
name. RR-3 p. 24.
JJK stated that her father was part of her support system and had her
children. RR-3 p. 29. JJK stated that her father had a lot of rules if she wanted to
be around him and the children. RR-3 p. 34. She stated she did not want her
children in CPS but would rather them be with her daddy and added “His daddy
wouldn’t take them.” RR-3 p.30.
She stated that her daddy takes her children to school, makes them great
meals, they mow the yard together and do manly things. RR-3 p. 30. She stated
she takes fault for the first case in 2009 and 2014 but she wanted to be part of her
kid’s lives. RR-3 p. 31 & 48. JJK acknowledged it was not fair that her children
had been in CPS custody three times in their lives. RR-3 p. 48. She stated she
- 10 - won’t do any more drugs around them, but if they stay with her dad she would
have no problem with that. RR-3 p. 31.
JJK stated she started selling cocaine around her grandmother’s birthday in
January of 2014 until March when they came knocking on her door. RR-3 p. 32-33.
She stated if they never knocked on her door she would still have been selling.
RR-3 p. 33.
JJK said her disability is anxiety, bipolar and major depression and she gets
a check for 725. RR-3 p. 43. She stated she is on meds. RR-3 p. 44. She stated
she gets about 400 a month doing hair. RR-3 p. 46. She stated she also gets child
support so her month income is about $1500 roughly. RR-3 p. 47.
The next witness was TC. RR-3 p. 49. He stated he was the father of TJC.
RR-3 p. 49-50. He stated that JJK made a false accusation to police saying he put
his hands on her and the only reason he took the conviction was because he was
already going to TDC and at county jail they wake you up extra early. RR-3 p. 51.
He added he also did not want to come back to court. RR-3 p. 51. He confirmed
the plea he took for 15 months dealt with felony possession of 5 pounds of
marijuana. RR-3 p. 51. The plea also included a charge for delivery of a controlled
substance and he described the controlled substance as pills “she be testing positive
for.” RR-3 p. 51-52.
TC acknowledged that he did not complete his Family Plan of Service. RR-
- 11 - 3 p. 56. In particular, he acknowledged he had not completed anger management
or domestic violence and did not make all his drug tests. RR-3 p. 56. He also
admitted he did not participate in the recommendation made on his drug and
alcohol assessment and did not do parenting classes. RR-3 p. 57.
TC admitted during his visits while this case was pending, his visits had to
be suspended because he had a few altercations and had to be escorted off the
premises. RR-3 p. 57-58. His last visit was at Christmas. RR-3 p. 58.
TC stated he did not know the mother’s father but commented: “He good
people.” RR-3 p. 58. He commented that he raised three kids. RR-3 p. 70. Two of
them turned out but one was trouble. RR-3 p. 70. He commented that he had
allowed him to visit when “they” let him, but he was not currently doing so and so
he instead spoke with his son by phone. RR-3 p. 69. He added that he believed Mr.
King would do the best he could to care for the child if placed with him forever,
but did not think he would protect him from the mother. RR-3 p. 60. When asked
to explain why he believed Mr. King could not protect the child from the mother,
he responded that he believed she was crazy and would probably jump through a
window. RR-3 p. 76.
TC stated he did not want his son going back to the child’s mother and his
main concern was getting his child out of the “f----- -- situation that he was in with
his mother.” RR-3 p. 59. He stated that his son told him he was hit by his mother.
- 12 - RR-3 p. 80. He also told him that he saw his mother get in physical altercations
with other men when he was around. RR-3 p. 80. He stated he thought his child
was making it up when he said his mommy and boyfriends hit him until he saw
something cleaning his mouth. RR-3 p. 89. Then when he got word his son was
walking with some grown man to the weed man, that was enough and he called
CPS. RR-3 p. 89.
TC stated he currently has a significant other living with him who was a
hospital nurse. RR-3 p. 68. He stated she was making a pretty good living. RR-3
p. 68. He stated he had been with her about five years but did not want to marry
her. RRR-3 p. 74.
TC stated he dated JJK for about a year, and admitted they did marijuana
together. RR-3 p. 90. He admitted he was charged with something violent against
her but claimed it was false. RR-3 p. 64. He stated he did not have a relationship
with her currently but would like to have a relationship with her as a friend. RR-3
p. 75. He stated he did not want her not to have her kids, but she’s on drugs. RR-3
p. 76. However, if she could show she could keep her nose clean and not do drugs,
he would not want to keep her from the kids. RR-3 p. 76. Before the next witness
testified, TC, the father of TJC, signed an irrevocable affidavit to relinquish his
parental rights that was admitted into evidence. RR-3 p. 93-94; RR-4 p. 190.
The next witness was the caseworker, Christina McKinney. RR-3 p. 94-95.
- 13 - She stated that she was the current caseworker for both of the children. RR-3 p. 95.
She stated that the children were currently placed with the maternal grandfather
(Mr. King) and had been there since August of 2014. RR-3 p. 95. She stated the
children were doing well and did not have special needs, but TJC had some issues
acting out in school that were being worked on. RR-3 p. 96. She noted despite his
conduct, he made all A’s. RR-3 p. 96.
Cristina stated that she believed the maternal grandfather could provide the
children a drug-free environment safe and stable environment and would be
protective of them. RR-3 p. 103. Cristina stated she believed the children’s current
placement was meeting their physical and emotional needs, and the Department’s
desire was for Mr. King to be able to adopt the children. RR-3 p. 96-97. Cristina
acknowledged that Mr. King did not originally want the parents’ rights terminated
and wanted them to get their lives together, but Mr. King became willing to adopt
the children to continue to offer them a safe and stable home. RR-3 p. 117-18.
Cristina stated that JJK consistently tested positive for multiple drugs while
this case was pending, and specifically: marijuana and cocaine. RR-3 p. 97. She
stated that she believed the mother’s conduct endangered the children, because she
allowed her kids to be around drugs and did not display proper behavior to them.
RR-3 p. 97. She noted she was doing better, but her drugs were still an issue and
still untreated. RR-3 p. 97. She stated the mother had produced negative UAs, but
- 14 - never provided a negative hair follicle test. RR-3 p. 98.
Cristina stated she went over the Family Plan of Service with JJK and was
available for any additional questions throughout this case. RR-3 p. 98-99.
Nevertheless, she had not completed her Family Plan of Service. RR-3 p. 99. She
did not complete her drug recommendations to be enrolled in in-patient due to her
continuing use and testing positive for cocaine. RR-3 p. 99. Also, she failed to
submit to a test to ensure she was taking her medications for bipolar and
depression. RR-3 p. 99.
When asked why the Department determined the children should not be
returned to the mother, she noted the mother was unsuccessfully discharged from
drug treatment which was the very reason the children came in care and she
continued to use drugs throughout. RR-3 p. 107. Cristina acknowledged the
mother produced drug testing through TADS system and those were negative. RR-
3 p. 107. There also was a point at a December hearing that there had been talk of
possibly returning the children to the mom because she had stopped testing
positive for cocaine and was only using marijuana and the levels went down. RR-3
p. 110. However, after the December hearing a drug test came back that showed
she tested positive for cocaine again. RR-3 p. 110; and pp. 112-13. She stated the
mother then tested for cocaine not only in December, but again in March of 2015.
RR-3 p. 114. Her failure to stay clean was criminal conduct that failed her service
- 15 - plan. RR-3 p. 111.
Cristina further added that the oldest child personally told her that he was
afraid of his mother and stated that she punched and hit him on his arm and leg.
RR-3 p. 116. He also disclosed at many points at the beginning of the case that he
was not only around marijuana but it was being smoked in the same room with
him. RR-3 p. 116. Cristina also noted that the children had been in and out of CPS
custody at least three different times in their lives and deserved to live in a safe and
stable environment that’s drug free. RR-3 p. 116.
Cristina stated that they attempted to reach out to Mr. Young, but the last
time she spoke to him was at a status hearing. RR-3 p. 100. She stated he signed
his plan of service and indicated he needed to get his child back. RR-3 p. 101.
Nevertheless, he did not follow the recommendations from his psychosocial
assessment and drug assessment and tested positive for marijuana while this case
was pending. RR-3 p. 101. She stated that he made the statement in the courtroom
at the status hearing that he was done with CPS. RR-3 p. 102. Consequently,
based on his lack of involvement, she did not believe he wanted to parent JAY.
RR-3 p. 102.
The next witness was Beresford Clarke, a volunteer on this case since May
of 2014. RR-3 p. 119. She stated that child advocates was recommending that Mr.
King have PMC, was not in support of termination and wanted the case to continue
- 16 - longer so “he” could qualify for care assistance. RR-3 p. 120. A child advocate’s
coordinator, Quana Smith, then interrupted and said the reason they did not support
termination was because the caregiver did not want to adopt, and they were trying
to give him a chance to meet the requirements for PCA benefits. RR-3 p. 121.
Nonetheless, Beresford stated if the court terminated the parents’ rights, they
would want Mr. King to adopt. RR-3 p. 122. Beresford later stated she believed
the mom’s parental rights should be terminated. RR-3 p. 125.
Beresford stated child advocates believed PMC versus adoption was better
for the children, however, because Mr. King stated, even that day, that he would
prefer PMC. RR-3 p. 123. In further clarification, Beresford stated that the
eventual goal they wanted was for Mr. King to obtain some assistance and
eventually adopt. RR-3 p. 124. She stated, however, if by adoption he got financial
assistance they would opt for adoption. RR-3 p. 126.
The next witness was Jerry King, the maternal grandfather who was the
placement for the two children. RR-3 p. 128-29. He stated that the children were in
his home since August of 2014, that they were doing good and did not have
behavioral issues. RR-3 p. 129.
He stated he was willing to act as long-term placement for the children, and
if the court terminated the parental rights that day he was willing to adopt. RR-3 p.
130. He stated he would like to see his daughter get off drugs and get her kids
- 17 - back and he had several conversations with her about that. RR-3 p. 131. However,
he acknowledged she accused him of trying to take her children away from her all
the time even though he told her he never did that. RR-3 p. 132-33. He stated he
would do whatever he had to in order to protect the children. RR-3 p. 132. He also
said that the children were set financially and he did not really need an adoption
subsidy. RR-3 p. 132. Mr. King stated he was a technician and worked in air
conditioning for MD Anderson for 41 years. RR-3 p. 136.
Mr. King stated that he would allow the parents to have contact with the
children supervised, because he believed they needed it. RR-3 p. 134. Moreover,
he hoped, regardless of what the court decides that the parents would get their lives
together. RR-3 p. 134.
JJK was recalled to testify in her case in chief. RR-3 p. 138. She stated
about a month prior after she had been testing positive for cocaine in her hair every
time, she was asked to go to a rehab and it was denied but then two weeks before
she was asked to go to rehab. RR-3 p. 144. JJK stated: “Im not trippin’ about
going to a rehab. If that’s what it takes to get my kids back, then I do it.” RR-3 p.
144. When asked if she thought she had a drug problem, she responded: “No I
don’t.” RR-3 p. 147. She acknowledged if she wanted to get off drugs, she could
have gone to rehab and got off drugs over a year earlier. RR-3 p. 150.
JJK stated if the court is going to give the children to her daddy, she should
- 18 - at least be able to assist him with homework and cook dinner. RR-3 p. 145. She
stated her children were used to being with her all the time and missed her. RR-3
p. 145. She also stated that she was willing to provide however much is needed in
child support. RR-3 p. 145.
When asked what her children needed most of all right that moment, she
responded: “I just bought shoes and clothes.” RR-3 p. 146. When asked again, she
stated: “I wouldn’t know. My daddy would have to answer that.” RR-3 p. 146.
The caseworker, Cristina, was recalled as a witness. RR-3 p. 155. She
stated she was present in court during a possible altercation between JJK and TC
that same day. RR-3 p. 156. She saw JJK raise her fist and saw her dad escorting
her out of the courtroom. RR-3 p. 156-57. Based on her observation, she did not
believe JJK learned anything from her anger management. RR-3 p. 157.
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
Appellant’s Brief brings legal and factual sufficiency challenges to the
evidence in support of the court’s findings to terminate JJK’s parental rights under
Section 161.001 of the Family Code. The findings to terminate parental rights
under Section 161.001 of the Family Code require that: (1) parental termination is
in the child’s best interest and (2) that the parent committed at least one predicate
act listed under Section 161.001(1) of the Family Code. Consistent with that
authority, the court found (1) parental termination in the child’s best interest, and
- 19 - (2) that JJK committed three predicate acts listed under Section 161.001(1):
namely D, E, and O. Appellant’s Brief challenges the evidence supporting the
court’s finding that termination was in the child’s best interest but only challenges
one of the predicate acts under Section 161.001(1): namely, Subsection E.
Because Appellant’s brief does not address all of the predicate bases for
parental termination that were included in the judgment, the unchallenged findings
are binding on this court and supportive of the judgment. Consequently, there is no
need for this court to review the Appellant’s challenge to the court’s finding under
Subsection E in order to affirm the parental termination judgment. The
unchallenged findings under D and O are binding and supportive of the trial court’s
decision of a predicate act under Section 161.001(1).
Nonetheless, there was more than sufficient proof in support of the court’s
finding under Subsection E based on the dangerous environment she provided to
her children by virtue of her drug use and neglectful activities. The evidence
showed that not only JJK but all of the alleged fathers engaged in illegal drug use
and that the children were exposed to drug use in the home. The illegal drug
activities of both JJK and the father of her first child, before and after the first
child’s birth, is undisputed. Also, after JJK’s second child was born, that behavior
continued and both of her children came into care because of her illegal drug use in
front of the children. The drug test of the father of her second child confirmed this
- 20 - father also engaged in illegal drug use. All of these facts more than adequately
established that these children were born into home where they were exposed to
parents who engaged in conduct that had the effect of jeopardizing their safety and
well being. In addition, despite CPS involvement, and attempts to work with all of
these parents, their parental neglect continued and JJK, in particular, continued to
engage in illegal drug use while the children were in care which obviously
jeopardized reunification, was damaging to her children emotionally and precluded
stability and permanency with a biological parent.
Appellant’s Brief claims there was inadequate evidence to find parental
termination was in the child’s best interest because the mother substantially
completed most of the tasks of her service plan, had a good relationship with her
children who missed her, and she could do things to support her father who was
willing to adopt her children. However, that evidence disregards the undisputed
fact these children were never safe in her care because of her illegal drug activities
that she continued after the case was filed, and was unsuccessfully discharged from
drug treatment services. Such evidence displayed a continued pattern of
inappropriate and neglectful behaviors and a clear indication of her unwillingness
to acquire safe behaviors within a reasonable amount of time.
What likely became most persuasive to the trial court, however, about
whether the mother had actually turned around her behavior to make a relationship
- 21 - possible came when the mother admitted on the stand that she would have
continued selling drugs had CPS not come knocking on her door. Also, even while
this case was being tried, it was observed that the mother was involved in an
altercation right outside the courtroom that indicated she learned nothing from her
anger management class. On this evidence, the court had more than sufficient
basis to conclude that there was no assurance the mother’s pattern of inappropriate
behaviors had changed or that the children would have any chance of obtaining a
prompt, permanent and safe home with her. In the meantime, while she failed to
turnaround her behavior, the Department had been able to place these children with
a grandparent who had sacrificed to take care of these children needs for several
months, had provided good care for the children and expressed willingness to
adopt them. On this evidence, the court made the correct decision to find parental
termination was in the children’s best interest so a plan of adoption and
permanency could be achieved. The trial court’s judgment should be affirmed.
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES
REPLY POINT: The evidence sufficiently supported the court’s decision to terminate JJK’s parental rights.
1) Applicable Law and Standard of Review
Section 161.001 of the Family Code was the statutory basis by which the
Department sought termination of JJK’s parental rights. Tex. Fam. Code Ann.
§161.001 (West 2008). Section 161.001 of the Family Code authorizes termination
- 22 - of parental rights on a finding by clear and convincing evidence that (1) the parent
committed at least one of several predicate acts or omissions listed under section
161.001(1) of the Family Code and (2) that termination is in the child’s best
interest. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §161.001 (Vernon 2008); See In re A.V., 113
S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003) (“[o]nly one predicate finding under [Texas Family
Code] section 161.001(1) is necessary to support a judgment of termination when
there is also a finding that termination is in the child's best interest.”).
As required by Tex. R. Civ. P. 306, the decree signed in this case confirmed
that Section 161.001 of the Family Code was the basis for the court’s parental
termination decision. CR 78-79. Namely, it recited that the court found parental
termination was in the child’s best interest and that JJK committed the predicate
acts listed in Subsection 161.001(1) (D), (E) and O. Id. Appellant’s Brief only
challenges the predicate act of Subsection E. Since the other predicate acts are not
challenged, this court need not review Subsection E to affirm the judgment for
parental termination, because the findings under D and O are binding on this court.
See In re E.A.F., 424 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 2014,
pet. denied); See also IKB Indus (Nigeria) Ltd. v. Pro Line Corp., 938 S.W.2d 440,
445 (Tex. 1997).
Review of the appellant’s challenge under the applicable standard of review
requires consideration of the clear and convincing burden of proof at trial. See In re
- 23 - C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002) (“burden of proof at trial necessarily affects
appellate review of the evidence.”); In the Interest of J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 265-
66 (Tex. 2002). In that connection, both legal and factual sufficiency challenges
consider the standard of proof for clear and convincing evidence by considering
whether the evidence is such that a fact-finder could reasonably form a firm belief
or conviction about the truth of the State's allegations. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at
p. 25 (Tex. 2002); In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at pp. 265-66; Tex. Fam. Code Ann.
101.007 (West 2002).
In In re J.F.C. the Supreme Court explained, in light of the identical
inquiries made to the clear and convincing standard, the distinction between legal
and factual sufficiency when the burden of proof is clear and convincing evidence
may be a fine one in some cases, but clarified that there is a distinction in how the
evidence is reviewed. 96 S.W.3d at p. 266. The court explained that in a legal
sufficiency review, a court should look at all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have
formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true, giving appropriate
deference to the trier of fact. Id. In a factual sufficiency review, a court of appeals
must give due consideration to evidence that the factfinder could reasonably have
found to be clear and convincing and with respect to disputed evidence, a court
should consider whether the disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder
- 24 - could not have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its finding. Id. If, in light
of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not
have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not
reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually
insufficient. 96 S.W.3d at pp. 266-67.
2) The undisputed evidence of JJK’s pattern of illegal drug activities, before and after her children were born, as well as after they came in State care, provided sufficient proof that she endangered her children for findings under Subsections (D) and (E) of Section 161.001(1) of the Family Code.
Both the first and second predicate findings the court found in support of the
decision to terminate JJK’s parental rights involved findings about endangerment
to the children under Subsections D and E of Section 161.001(1) of the Family
Code. Those sections involving findings that the parent:
(D) knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the child to remain in conditions or surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional well-being of the child; (E) engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged in conduct which endangers the physical or emotional well-being of the child;
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §161.001(1)(D), (E) (West 2008).
The term “endanger,” used in these sections means exposing a child to loss
or injury or jeopardizing a child's emotional or physical health. Texas Dep't of
Human Servs. v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531, 533 (Tex. 1987). As clarified by the
Supreme Court, the proof for endangerment does not have to be established as an
- 25 - independent proposition, but can be inferred from parental misconduct alone.
Boyd, 727 S.W.2d at p. 533. Also, it is not necessary that the parental misconduct
be directed at the child, occur in the child’s presence or that the child actually
suffer injury from it; and it may include evidence of conduct before the child's
birth as well as before and after the child has been removed by the Department. See
In re B.B., 971 S.W.2d 160, 166-69 (Tex. App.―Beaumont 1998, pet. denied).
In the present case, there was undisputed proof establishing that JJK
maintained a pattern of behaviors before and after her children’s births that had the
effect of endangering her children to support findings under both Subsections D
and E based on the following evidence:
1. JJK and TC used marijuana when they were together, and JJK confirmed they were together until she was five months pregnant with her first son (TC). RR-3 p. 90 and p. 23.
2. When her first son (TJC) was two years old, in August 2009, JJK pled guilty to possessing marijuana and was sentenced 10 days in jail. RR-4 p. 45. RR-4 p. 12 (TJC born Spring 2007).
3. TJC disclosed he was afraid of his mother, saw drugs in the home, marijuana was smoked in the room with him and that his mom would punch and hit him. RR-3 p. 116.
4. JJK admitted she began selling crack cocaine in January of 2014, after her second child (JAY) was born, and would have continued selling had they never knocked on her door. RR-3 p. 32-33.
5. When the Department removed the children from that situation in 2014, JAY was only 2 and TJC was 7 and it was noted that the mother’s discipline practices were violent and out of control. RR-4 p. 17.
- 26 - 6. The Department learned the mother had bipolar disorder and was abusing drugs. RR-4 p. 17; RR-3 p. 43-44 (JJK acknowledged diagnosed with bipolar and on meds).
7. The Department learned JJK allowed the children to be inadequately supervised while she and others used drugs around them. RR-4 p. 17; RR-3 p. 116.
8. JJK has two prior abuse/neglect investigations by CPS before the 2014 removal, and by the time of this removal, the children had been in CPS custody three times in their lives. RR-3 p. 48; RR-4 p. 17. Also, during the Department’s experience, JJK used another person’s urine to pass a drug test. RR-4 p. 16.
9. JJK continued illegal drug use after this case was filed and did not successfully complete her plan of service ordered for reunification. RR- 4 p. 138-51; RR-2 p. 15-16; RR-3 p. 11-12; RR-3 p. 14-16; RR-3 p. 99 and pp. 110-14.
In particular, the above facts established JJK knowingly engaged in illegal
drug activities, violent and negligent parenting practices that exposed the children
to an unsafe home, and endangered them by exposing them to the possibility their
mother would be impaired or incarcerated due to drug use and selling crack
cocaine while these children were under her care. Such practices proved she
knowingly placed her children in dangerous surroundings and jeopardized their
well being for findings under both Subsections D and E. See In re J.O.A., 283
S.W.3d 336, 345 (Tex. 2009) (“We … agree that a parent’s use of narcotics and its
effect on his or her ability to parent may qualify as an endangering course of
conduct.”); See also In re D.J.W., 394 S.W.3d 210, 221 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st
Dist.] 2012, pet. denied) (proof of a custodial parent’s pattern of illegal drug use
- 27 - constitutes endangering parental conduct because it exposes a parent to
incarceration or impairment); Latham v. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 177
S.W.3d 341 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.) (though mother
claimed she did not use drugs in front of the children; affirmed finding under
Ground E based on her history of drug use and her continuation of drug use even
after her parental rights were in jeopardy after the children were removed). In re
J.T.G., 121 S.W.3d 117, 125 (Tex. App.―Fort Worth 2003, no pet.) (abusive
conduct as well as illegal drug use and criminal activity supports a finding of
conduct that endangers a child’s environment by permitting unsafe circumstances
for findings under both D and E).
In addition, her decision to do engage in illegal drug behaviors while
suffering a bipolar condition as well as her continuation of illegal drug use and
noncompliance with the court’s order for reunification while this case was pending
further established the proof of her dangerous course of conduct for the court’s
finding under Subsection E. In re S.R., No. 14-14-00393-CV, 2014 WL 5898453
(Tex. App.―Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (continued drug use after removal
is conduct that jeopardized parental rights and may be considered as proof of a
dangerous course of conduct); Lathan v. Dept of Fam. & Prot. Servs., 177 S.W.3d
341, 348 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.[ 2005, no pet.) (parent’s continuation of
drug use after birth of children and when parental rights in jeopardy considered in
- 28 - endangerment finding); Callahan v. Brazoria County Child Prot.Servs. Unit., 2003
WL 2199952 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.) (“jury was able to
consider testimony of .. imprisonment, criminal history, drug use, violent acts …,
suicide attempts and mental condition” in support of Subsection E); See also
generally In re B.H., No. 01-10-00415-CV, 2011 WL 4501940 (Tex.
App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.) (because children need stability and
permanence, conduct that subjects a child to a life of uncertainty and instability
endangers a child’s physical and emotional well-being). As these facts were mostly
undisputed, this evidence conclusively established the trier of fact’s findings.
3) Though review of O ground is unnecessary JJK’s admission that she violated her court ordered service plan by engaging in illegal drug use and failing to complete tasks supported the court’s finding under subsection (O).
Because only one predicate finding under Section 161.001(1) of the Family
Code was necessary to support the court’s parental termination decision with
respect to JJK and the findings of Subsections D and E were proven conclusively,
the court’s other predicate finding, Subsection O, need not be reviewed. See In re
A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003). Moreover, because this finding was not
challenged in this appeal, it is binding for this court’s review of the facts in this
appeal. See In re E.A.F., 424 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. App.―Houston [14th Dist.]
2014, pet. denied). However, because it is relevant for review of the best interest
finding, it should be mentioned.
- 29 - Under Subsection O, a trial court must find by clear and convincing
evidence that the parent failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that
specifically established the actions necessary for the parent to obtain the return of
the child who has been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship
of the Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months
as a result of the child's removal from the parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse
or neglect of the child. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. 161.001(1)(O) (West 2008). The
evidence at trial proved this subsection conclusively, because the evidence
established JJK continued illegal drug activities and not complete drug treatment in
violation of the tasks in her court ordered plan of service, her children were
removed as a result of her neglectful irresponsible and illegal behaviors, as already
discussed above, and her children remained in the Department’s care for at least
nine months. RR-3 p. 14-16 and 95; RR-4 p. 17.
4) The evidence supporting the court’s findings under Subsections D, E and O of Section 161.001(1) of the Family Code adequately supported the court’s finding that termination was in the children’s best interest. The phrase “best interest of the child” is not statutorily defined. However, in
Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976), the Texas Supreme Court
recognized a non-exhaustive list of factors to consider in this evaluation including:
a child’s physical and emotional needs, emotional and physical danger to the child,
parental abilities, programs to assist in promoting the child’s best interest, plans by
- 30 - those seeking custody, stability of the home, improper parental acts and any excuse
for the improper acts or omissions by the parents. Also, besides these factors,
Section 263.307 of the Family Code directs that the prompt and permanent
placement of a child in a safe environment is in a child’s best interest and list
numerous factors in evaluating a parent’s willingness to provide that safe
environment. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §263.307 (West 2008). Of those
numerous factors, the ones listed at Subsections (b)(1), (8), (10), (11) and (12)
seem most relevant to the facts in this case. Namely, those factors consider (1) the
children’s age (2) substance abuse issues, (3) willingness to undergo counseling
and cooperate under agency supervision (4) willingness to effect positive changes
and (5) demonstration of adequate parenting skills, including the ability to provide
for a child’s basic needs in a safe environment. Id. at §263.307(b). While there
are obviously many factors to consider, the single question in the parental
termination context boils down to the best interest of the child. The facts in this
case supported the trial court’s conclusion that termination of the parental rights of
JJK was in the children’s best interest.
As already discussed, one of the primary safety issues that brought the
children into care had to do with JJK’s illegal drug activities prior to the removal
of the children, as well as continued drug use after the court ordered her to refrain
from illegal actions as a condition of reunification. Those facts, as already
- 31 - discussed above, established that DLB maintained behaviors neglectful to her
children’s well-being for the findings under D and E. Such facts also supported the
court’s finding that parental termination was in the child’s best interest. See In re
A.L.W., No. 01-14-00805-CV, 2015 WL 4262754 *12 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st
Dist.] 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (parental drug use reflects poor judgment and can
demonstrate parent’s inability to care for child and instability in home); P.W. v.
Dept of Fam. & Prot. Servs., 403 S.W.3d 471, 479 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st
Dist.] 2013, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (drug use can prove instability); In re I.R., 2014
WL 6854747 *8 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (“A parent’s drug
use supports a finding that termination is in the best interest of the child.”) (mem.
op.).
Moreover, the facts in support of the finding under Subsection O that
established JJK violated her plan of service by continuing illegal drug behaviors
and tasks related to that concern was another fact that supported the court’s
finding. See In re E.C.R., 402 S.W.3d 239, 249 (Tex. 2013) (“Many of the reasons
supporting termination under subsection O also support the trial court’s best
interest finding); In re A.L.W., 2015 WL 4262754 *12 (if a parent fails to complete
services for reunification, a factfinder may infer the parent lacks motivation to seek
out necessary resources for that purpose now or in the future). Further, this fact
was likely particularly significant in the court’s analysis considering these young
- 32 - children had already been in CPS care three times in their lives, and JJK
acknowledged that was not fair to them. RR-3 p. 48.
In the mean time, while JJK’s continued in irresponsible parental behavior,
her children acquired a good home for several months with a grandparent who
provided for all their needs and was committed to providing the children safety and
permanency and was willing to adopt. RR-3 pp. 96, 103, 130, 132. Because the
need for permanence is a paramount consideration in determining a child’s present
and future needs, the court had more than sufficient basis to find termination of
JJK’s parental rights was in the child’s best interest. See Jordan v. Dossey, 325
S.W.3d 700, 731 (Tex. App.―Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. denied). The
evidence in support of the court’s finding was sufficient.
Appellant’s Brief suggests that the evidence is not factually sufficient,
because the maternal grandfather father did not want to adopt the children. That is
not exactly accurate. The evidence illustrates that the grandfather was more than
willing to adopt but would have preferred that the parents have gotten their act
together. RR-3 p. 130. He stated he would like to see his daughter get off drugs
and get her kids back and he had several conversations with her. RR-3 p. 131. In
addition, regardless of whether the grandparent was willing to adopt or not, that
factor would not be dispositive in the situation of this case where the decision of
adoption was not yet before the court. In deciding best interest in a parental
- 33 - termination case, evidence about permanent placement and adoption considerations
at the time a parental termination may be relevant, but is cannot dispositive when
the Department does not have a definitive plan for adoption. See In re C.H., 89
S.W.3d 17, 28 (Tex. 2002). Accordingly, this fact does not outweigh the trial
court’s determination on the facts in this case. Consequently, there is no basis to
conclude the trial court’s finding lacked sufficient evidence. It should be affirmed.
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellee Department of
Family & Protective Services requests that this court affirm the trial court’s
judgment and for such other and further relief to which it may be entitled in law or
in equity.
Respectfully submitted, VINCE RYAN COUNTY ATTORNEY
By: /s/ Sandra Hachem Sandra Hachem Assistant County Attorney State Bar #08667060 1019 Congress, 17th Floor Houston, Texas 77002 Phone: 713/274-5293; Fax: 713/437-4700 Email: Sandra.Hachem@cao.hctx.net Attorney for Appellee, Department of Family & Protective Services
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on this the 18th day of August, 2015 a true and correct copy of the foregoing Appellee’s brief was sent to all parties to this appeal by sending a copy of this brief by (1) electronic transmission to:
- 34 - Appellant, DLB c/o her attorney of record Donald Crane By email at: donmcrane@gmail.com
and
the Attorney ad Litem for the Children Susan Ryan Solis by fax at her Fax number: 832/661-7946
/s/ Sandra Hachem Sandra Hachem
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE OF NUMBER OF WORDS
This is to certify, pursuant to Tex. R. App. P. 9.4(i)(3), that the foregoing computer generated brief consists of no more than 15,000 words, excluding the caption, identify of parties and counsel, table of contents, index of authorities, statement of the case, statement of issues presented, statement of procedural history, signature, proof of service, certification, certificate of compliance and appendix. Relying on the word count of the computer program used to prepare this document, the number of words, subject to count under the rules, is 8,785 words.
- 35 - No. 01-15-00469-CV __________________________________________________________
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON __________________________________________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF J-M. A.Y., Child __________________________________________________________
DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY & PROTECTIVE SERVICES, Appellee __________________________________________________________
APPENDIX __________________________________________________________
Affidavit of Removal- Image #60049932 ……………………….Attachment 1
Order Setting Hearing – Image #60049933 …………………………Attachment 2
Temporary Order Following Adversary Hearing – Image #60802353 ……………………………………………Attachment 3
Order for Drug / DNA Screening - #60340835….…………………..Attachment 4
- 36 - Tab 1 Affidavit of Removal- Image #60049932 I, Chris Daniel, District Clerk of Harris County, Texas certify that this is a true and correct copy of the original record filed and or recorded in my office, electronically or hard copy, as it appears on this date. Witness my official hand and seal of office this August 14, 2015
Certified Document Number: 60049932 Total Pages: 6
Chris Daniel, DISTRICT CLERK HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS
In accordance with Texas Government Code 406.013 electronically transmitted authenticated documents are valid. If there is a question regarding the validity of this document and or seal please e-mail support@hcdistrictclerk.com Tab 2 Order Setting Hearing – Image #60049933 )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI For Official Governmental Use Only - Do Not Disseminate to the Public: 60588927 - Page 2 of 2 I, Chris Daniel, District Clerk of Harris County, Texas certify that this is a true and correct copy of the original record filed and or recorded in my office, electronically or hard copy, as it appears on this date. Witness my official hand and seal of office this August 12, 2015
Certified Document Number: 60588927 Total Pages: 2
In accordance with Texas Government Code 406.013 electronically transmitted authenticated documents are valid. If there is a question regarding the validity of this document and or seal please e-mail support@hcdistrictclerk.com Tab 3 Temporary Order Following Adversary Hearing – Image #60802353 )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI For Official Governmental Use Only - Do Not Disseminate to the Public: 60802353 - Page 5 of 8 )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI I, Chris Daniel, District Clerk of Harris County, Texas certify that this is a true and correct copy of the original record filed and or recorded in my office, electronically or hard copy, as it appears on this date. Witness my official hand and seal of office this August 12, 2015
Certified Document Number: 60802353 Total Pages: 8
In accordance with Texas Government Code 406.013 electronically transmitted authenticated documents are valid. If there is a question regarding the validity of this document and or seal please e-mail support@hcdistrictclerk.com Tab 4 Order for Drug / DNA Screening - #60340835 )RU2IILFLDO*RYHUQPHQWDO8VH2QO\'R1RW'LVVHPLQDWHWRWKH3XEOLF3DJHRI I, Chris Daniel, District Clerk of Harris County, Texas certify that this is a true and correct copy of the original record filed and or recorded in my office, electronically or hard copy, as it appears on this date. Witness my official hand and seal of office this August 12, 2015
Certified Document Number: 60340835 Total Pages: 1
In accordance with Texas Government Code 406.013 electronically transmitted authenticated documents are valid. If there is a question regarding the validity of this document and or seal please e-mail support@hcdistrictclerk.com
Related
Cite This Page — Counsel Stack
in the Interest of J.-M. A.Y., a Minor Child, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-the-interest-of-j-m-ay-a-minor-child-texapp-2015.