IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 19-0438 Filed May 15, 2019
IN THE INTEREST OF D.W., Minor Child,
J.M., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Daniel L. Block,
Associate Juvenile Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child.
AFFIRMED.
Stephanie A. Sailer of Sailer Law, PLLC, Cedar Falls, for appellant mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Timothy Baldwin, Waterloo, guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., Doyle, J., and Carr, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2019). 2
CARR, Senior Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child. She
contends the State failed to prove the grounds for termination by clear and
convincing evidence and termination is not in the child’s best interests. She also
argues the juvenile court erred in denying her request to continue placement of the
child for an additional six months. We review her claims de novo. See In re A.S.,
906 N.W.2d 467, 472 (Iowa 2018).
The juvenile court removed the child from the mother’s care and adjudicated
the child to be in need of assistance (CINA) after law enforcement officers
executing a search warrant in December 2017 found methamphetamine,
marijuana, and drug paraphernalia in the bedroom the mother shared with the
child. The mother pled guilty to child endangerment, possession of
methamphetamine, and possession of marijuana, and the district court granted her
a suspended sentence. The court revoked the mother’s parole after her
unsuccessful discharge from two substance-abuse programs due to
noncompliance, continued use of methamphetamine and marijuana, and escape
from a women’s facility in November 2018.
The State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights in
December 2018. At the time of the February 2019 termination hearing, the mother
was incarcerated and serving a two-year sentence. Although the mother’s
probation officer informed the case manager that the mother would need to serve
one year of the sentence, the mother believed she would be eligible for parole in
May 2019. 3
The juvenile court terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa
Code section 232.116(1)(e), (f), and (l) (2018). We may affirm if we find grounds
to terminate under one of those sections. See In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 64 (Iowa
Ct. App. 1999). Termination is appropriate under section 232.116(1)(f) if clear and
convincing evidence establishes:
(1) The child is four years of age or older. (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance pursuant to section 232.96. (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents for at least twelve of the last eighteen months, or for the last twelve consecutive months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days. (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that at the present time the child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 232.102.
The mother does not dispute the first three elements for termination under section
232.116(1)(f) have been proved. She challenges the sufficiency of the evidence
showing the child could not be returned to her care at the time of the termination
hearing. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f)(4); In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707
(Iowa 2010) (interpreting the term “at the present time” to mean to mean “at the
time of the termination hearing”).
The record shows the mother has been abusing marijuana and
methamphetamine for twenty years, and the child tested positive for marijuana at
birth in 2012. The mother failed to complete substance-abuse treatment and does
not believe she needs it. She continues to use marijuana and methamphetamine,
and she left marijuana and methamphetamine in a location where the child could
access it. Even assuming the mother is granted parole in May 2019, the likelihood
that she will return to using marijuana and methamphetamine is high in light of her 4
history. See In re L.L., 459 N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 1990) (noting a parent’s past
performance may be indicative of the quality of care the parent is capable of
providing in the future). Because the mother’s substance abuse puts the child at
risk of adjudicatory harm, there is clear and convincing evidence to support
terminating the mother’s parental rights pursuant to section 232.116(1)(f). See In
re D.M.J., 780 N.W.2d 243, 246-47 (Iowa Ct. App. 2010) (finding the child could
not be returned to the mother’s care where the mother continued to use illegal
drugs and engage in criminal activities that resulted in her incarceration).
The mother contends termination of her parental rights is contrary to the
child’s best interests. See D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 706-07 (“If a ground for termination
is established, the court must, secondly, apply the best-interest framework set out
in section 232.116(2) to decide if the grounds for termination should result in a
termination of parental rights.”). In determining the child’s best interests, our
primary considerations are “the child’s safety,” “the best placement for furthering
the long-term nurturing and growth of the child,” and “the physical, mental, and
emotional condition and needs of the child.” In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 37 (Iowa
2010) (quoting Iowa Code § 232.116(2)). The “defining elements in a child’s best
interest” are the child’s safety and “need for a permanent home.” In re H.S., 805
N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 2011) (citation omitted).
The mother argues termination is contrary to the child’s best interests due
to the bond between them. We disagree. The mother’s ongoing substance abuse
presents harm to the child and prevents the mother from caring for the child safely.
Her involvement in illegal activity, which stems from her substance abuse, led to 5
the mother’s incarceration, interfering with the parent-child bond and interrupting
any sense of permanency the child has.
Finally, the mother argues the juvenile court erred in denying her a six-
month extension of time to allow her to work toward reunification. See Iowa Code
§ 232.104(2)(b) (allowing the court to continue placement of a child for an
additional six months). However, in order to delay permanency, the court must
“enumerate the specific factors, conditions, or expected behavioral changes which
comprise the basis for the determination that the need for removal of the child from
the child’s home will no longer exist at the end of the additional six-month period.”
Id. There is no basis for finding a six-month extension would eliminate the need
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 19-0438 Filed May 15, 2019
IN THE INTEREST OF D.W., Minor Child,
J.M., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Daniel L. Block,
Associate Juvenile Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child.
AFFIRMED.
Stephanie A. Sailer of Sailer Law, PLLC, Cedar Falls, for appellant mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Timothy Baldwin, Waterloo, guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., Doyle, J., and Carr, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2019). 2
CARR, Senior Judge.
A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child. She
contends the State failed to prove the grounds for termination by clear and
convincing evidence and termination is not in the child’s best interests. She also
argues the juvenile court erred in denying her request to continue placement of the
child for an additional six months. We review her claims de novo. See In re A.S.,
906 N.W.2d 467, 472 (Iowa 2018).
The juvenile court removed the child from the mother’s care and adjudicated
the child to be in need of assistance (CINA) after law enforcement officers
executing a search warrant in December 2017 found methamphetamine,
marijuana, and drug paraphernalia in the bedroom the mother shared with the
child. The mother pled guilty to child endangerment, possession of
methamphetamine, and possession of marijuana, and the district court granted her
a suspended sentence. The court revoked the mother’s parole after her
unsuccessful discharge from two substance-abuse programs due to
noncompliance, continued use of methamphetamine and marijuana, and escape
from a women’s facility in November 2018.
The State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights in
December 2018. At the time of the February 2019 termination hearing, the mother
was incarcerated and serving a two-year sentence. Although the mother’s
probation officer informed the case manager that the mother would need to serve
one year of the sentence, the mother believed she would be eligible for parole in
May 2019. 3
The juvenile court terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa
Code section 232.116(1)(e), (f), and (l) (2018). We may affirm if we find grounds
to terminate under one of those sections. See In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 64 (Iowa
Ct. App. 1999). Termination is appropriate under section 232.116(1)(f) if clear and
convincing evidence establishes:
(1) The child is four years of age or older. (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance pursuant to section 232.96. (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents for at least twelve of the last eighteen months, or for the last twelve consecutive months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days. (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that at the present time the child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 232.102.
The mother does not dispute the first three elements for termination under section
232.116(1)(f) have been proved. She challenges the sufficiency of the evidence
showing the child could not be returned to her care at the time of the termination
hearing. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f)(4); In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707
(Iowa 2010) (interpreting the term “at the present time” to mean to mean “at the
time of the termination hearing”).
The record shows the mother has been abusing marijuana and
methamphetamine for twenty years, and the child tested positive for marijuana at
birth in 2012. The mother failed to complete substance-abuse treatment and does
not believe she needs it. She continues to use marijuana and methamphetamine,
and she left marijuana and methamphetamine in a location where the child could
access it. Even assuming the mother is granted parole in May 2019, the likelihood
that she will return to using marijuana and methamphetamine is high in light of her 4
history. See In re L.L., 459 N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 1990) (noting a parent’s past
performance may be indicative of the quality of care the parent is capable of
providing in the future). Because the mother’s substance abuse puts the child at
risk of adjudicatory harm, there is clear and convincing evidence to support
terminating the mother’s parental rights pursuant to section 232.116(1)(f). See In
re D.M.J., 780 N.W.2d 243, 246-47 (Iowa Ct. App. 2010) (finding the child could
not be returned to the mother’s care where the mother continued to use illegal
drugs and engage in criminal activities that resulted in her incarceration).
The mother contends termination of her parental rights is contrary to the
child’s best interests. See D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 706-07 (“If a ground for termination
is established, the court must, secondly, apply the best-interest framework set out
in section 232.116(2) to decide if the grounds for termination should result in a
termination of parental rights.”). In determining the child’s best interests, our
primary considerations are “the child’s safety,” “the best placement for furthering
the long-term nurturing and growth of the child,” and “the physical, mental, and
emotional condition and needs of the child.” In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 37 (Iowa
2010) (quoting Iowa Code § 232.116(2)). The “defining elements in a child’s best
interest” are the child’s safety and “need for a permanent home.” In re H.S., 805
N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 2011) (citation omitted).
The mother argues termination is contrary to the child’s best interests due
to the bond between them. We disagree. The mother’s ongoing substance abuse
presents harm to the child and prevents the mother from caring for the child safely.
Her involvement in illegal activity, which stems from her substance abuse, led to 5
the mother’s incarceration, interfering with the parent-child bond and interrupting
any sense of permanency the child has.
Finally, the mother argues the juvenile court erred in denying her a six-
month extension of time to allow her to work toward reunification. See Iowa Code
§ 232.104(2)(b) (allowing the court to continue placement of a child for an
additional six months). However, in order to delay permanency, the court must
“enumerate the specific factors, conditions, or expected behavioral changes which
comprise the basis for the determination that the need for removal of the child from
the child’s home will no longer exist at the end of the additional six-month period.”
Id. There is no basis for finding a six-month extension would eliminate the need
for the child’s removal. Although the mother believed she could be eligible for
parole in May 2019 and released in June 2019, four months of the six-month
extension would pass before her release. Only then could the mother begin to
address concerns about her substance abuse. The remaining two months of time
would be insufficient for the mother to demonstrate she can remain sober and
provide a safe home for the child in light of her lengthy history of substance abuse.
Although the law requires a “full measure of patience with troubled parents
who attempt to remedy a lack of parenting skills,” this patience has been built into
the statutory scheme of chapter 232. In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 2000).
Once the grounds for termination have been proved, time is of the essence. See
In re A.C., 415 N.W.2d 609, 614 (Iowa 1987) (“It is unnecessary to take from the
children’s future any more than is demanded by statute. Stated otherwise, plans
which extend the [statutory] period during which parents attempt to become
adequate in parenting skills should be viewed with a sense of urgency.”); see also 6
In re R.J., 436 N.W.2d 630, 636 (Iowa 1989) (noting that once the time period for
reunification set by the legislature has expired, “patience on behalf of the parent
can quickly translate into intolerable hardship for the children”). The court must
not deny the child permanency in the hope that the mother will one day be able to
provide a safe and stable home for the child. See In re A.M., 843, N.W.2d 100,
112 (Iowa 2014).
We affirm the termination of the mother’s parental rights.