In the Interest of C. W. ex rel. Johnson v. Murphy

508 S.W.2d 520, 1974 Mo. App. LEXIS 1602
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedApril 9, 1974
DocketNo. 35206
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 508 S.W.2d 520 (In the Interest of C. W. ex rel. Johnson v. Murphy) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In the Interest of C. W. ex rel. Johnson v. Murphy, 508 S.W.2d 520, 1974 Mo. App. LEXIS 1602 (Mo. Ct. App. 1974).

Opinion

GUNN, Judge.

C. W. Jr., a twelve-year old boy, by next friend appeals a judgment of the Juvenile Division of the St. Louis Circuit Court committing him to the Missouri Division of Mental Health for institutional placement. Jurisdictional issues and questions regarding procedures in obtaining waivers of rights and statements of a juvenile are involved.

On October 28, 1972, the body of Bernice Gee was found in her St. Louis apartment. She had been fatally stabbed with a knife and her apartment had been burglarized and set afire. In their investigation of the crime, the St. Louis police found that C. W., Jr. and his ten year old brother had been in Bernice Gee’s apartment building on the day of the crime visiting their grandfather, who also lived in the apartment building. The St. Louis police questioned C. W., Jr. and his brother at the grandfather’s apartment about details of the crime and even checked C. W., Jr.’s hair to determine if there were paint particles present which would match the paint at Mrs. Gee’s apartment. The police had-reason to believe that entry to Mrs. Gee’s apartment had been gained through a small transom aperture; that only a small person or child could have entered the apartment through the transom. A police record check was made by the St. Louis police with the University City police (C. W., Jr.’s home police department), and it was determined that C. W., Jr. had previously been taken into custody for burglary, assault and arson. On October 31, 1972, St. Louis police went to C. W., Jr.’s St. Louis County home in University City and requested C. W., Jr. and his brother to accompany them to St. Louis police headquarters to be interviewed for the purpose of obtaining information about the crime. The mother and grandfather accompanied them to the St. Louis police station. The St. Louis police said they merely asked the children to go with them. C. W., Jr.’s mother and grandfather indicated that there was no choice other than their going to the St. Louis police station. At that time, C. W., Jr. was a suspect of the crime along with other persons. At the police station, police officers interrogated C. W., Jr. and his brother alone in separate interrogation rooms. When conflicts in the two brothers’ stories occurred, the police announced to C. W., Jr.’s mother that the youth could have been involved in the crime and asked whether the mother would consent to a polygraph test for her son and influence him to make a statement. C. W., Jr. then admitted to his mother that he had committed the crime. The police then gave C. W., Jr. his Miranda warning rights, had him sign a waiver of his constitutional rights and took a complete taped statement. Finally, after the statement was completed, the police took C. W., Jr. to the St. Louis Juvenile Court. He was again advised of his constitutional rights by a deputy juvenile officer “in a very careful manner”, and a waiver of those rights was signed by C. W., Jr. and another confession obtained.

Later, application was made to the St. Louis Juvenile Court for authority to fingerprint C. W., Jr., as prints found at the scene of the crime indicated they could be those of a juvenile. The request was granted and C. W., Jr.’s prints were taken without counsel present and found to match those taken from Mrs. Gee’s apartment.

There are additional facts relating to C. W., Jr’s mental capacity. C. W., Jr. is retarded — intellectually handicapped. Although twelve years old, his mental age was that of an eight year old with a 2.2 grade level reading ability. On October 31, 1972, shortly prior to his giving his statement and signing his waiver of rights, C. W., Jr. had taken his prescribed dosage of phenobarbital and dilantin to control his behavior and epileptic seizures caused by brain damage occurring at an early age through lead poisoning. Dr. Eugene Kis-sling, Chief of the St. Louis Juvenile Court

[522]*522Diagnostic Treatment Center, tested the emotional and intellectual profile of C. W., Jr. and concluded that he would not have been able to understand the constitutional rights which he waived; that C. W., Jr. would only understand the waiver if explained using relatively concrete terms and requiring C. W., Jr. to express in his own words what he understood the terms to be. C. W., Jr.’s mother testified at the time she observed her son sign the waiver, she was emotionally upset and crying over the nightmare developing.

The juvenile officer of the St. Louis Juvenile Court filed a petition requesting the St. Louis Juvenile Court to exercise jurisdiction over C. W., Jr. Pretrial motions to dismiss the petition on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction and motions to suppress the confession and fingerprint evidence were filed on behalf of C. W., Jr. The motions were denied, and the St. Louis Juvenile Court found C. W., Jr. guilty of murder in the first degree, burglary and arson and ordered him committed to the Missouri Division of Mental Health for appropriate institutional placement. Counsel for C. W., Jr. asserts that the Juvenile Division of the Circuit Court of the City of St. Louis was without jurisdiction; that the confession and the waiver of rights signed by C. W., Jr. are invalid. They further argue that the jurisdiction of the matter lies with the Juvenile Court of St. Louis County, and for that purpose C. W., Jr. and his mother entered into a consent decree with the Juvenile Court of St. Louis County to grant jurisdiction in that court.

We have serious doubt whether C. W., Jr. under the totality of circumstances could or did understand the waiver of his constitutional rights which he signed. See In Re M. C., 504 S.W.2d 641 (Mo.App. 1974) and State v. White, 494 S.W.2d 687 (Mo.App.1973). But we need not reach that issue on our determination of the case.

We hold that under the circumstances of this case the St. Louis Juvenile Court was without jurisdiction; that proper jurisdiction would lie in the St. Louis County Juvenile Court.

In a recent decision of this court, In Re M. W., 504 S.W.2d 189 (Mo.App.1973), we held that “the obligation of [the] police upon taking a juvenile into custody is to take him ‘immediately and directly’ before the juvenile court which acquires jurisdiction ‘from the time the child is taken into custody.’ ” (l.c. 192) We held in In Re M. W., supra, that the jurisdiction vested in the juvenile court of the county where the juvenile was apprehended and at the immediate moment of apprehension.

In In Re M. W., supra, the juvenile was charged with participating in a robbery in St. Louis County. St. Louis police apprehended the minor at his home in the City of St. Louis, and he was turned over to a St. Louis County municipal police department which transported him to St. Louis County. We said (l.c. 192) :

[523]*523We also pointed out In In Re M. W. that it was not the function of police officers to determine which juvenile court they wish to have process the child.

[522]*522“ * * * [U]nder the Juvenile Code, the place of the commission of an offense has no jurisdictional significance insofar as venue is concerned, as it does in criminal proceedings. (Citing cases.) There is, therefore, no need for transporting a juvenile from the jurisdiction in which he is apprehended into another jurisdiction where his alleged misconduct occurred.

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Related

In the Interest of J. D. H. v. Juvenile Court of St. Louis County
508 S.W.2d 497 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 1974)

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Bluebook (online)
508 S.W.2d 520, 1974 Mo. App. LEXIS 1602, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-the-interest-of-c-w-ex-rel-johnson-v-murphy-moctapp-1974.