IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 18-0814 Filed October 10, 2018
IN THE INTEREST OF B.C. and A.C., Minor Children,
A.O., Mother, Appellant,
C.C., Father, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Barbara H. Liesveld,
District Associate Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
Amy R. Dollash of the State Public Defender’s Office, Cedar Rapids, for
appellant mother.
John J. Bishop, Cedar Rapids, for appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and John B. McCormally, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Kimberly A. Opatz of Linn County Advocate, Cedar Rapids, guardian ad
litem for minor children.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., Doyle, J., and Carr, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2018). 2
CARR, Senior Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights to their son B.C. and their daughter A.C. The mother argues the statutory
grounds for termination are not met, the best interests of the children and her
parent-child bond preclude termination, and she should receive additional time to
pursue reunification. The father argues his parent-child bond precludes
termination.1 We agree with the district court and affirm.
B.C. and A.C. were born in September 2015 and April 2017, respectively.
On May 11, 2017, the family came to the attention of the Iowa Department of
Human Services (DHS) following a medical appointment. During the appointment,
the mother described fantasies of shaking A.C. to death and choking B.C. until he
turned blue. The father also became physically aggressive in the lobby and said
he can beat his children if he wants. The children were removed from the parents
at that time. On May 18, the children were adjudicated as children in need of
assistance (CINA).
During a semi-supervised visit on September 21, 2017, the father became
violent with the mother. As a result of the incident, the father went to jail for about
two months and eventually pled guilty to assault causing bodily injury. The mother
and father ended their relationship after the incident. At the time of the termination
hearing, each parent was allowed separate, fully-supervised visits.
The mother has been diagnosed with depression, bipolar disorder, and
post-traumatic stress disorder. She began taking her current medications in mid-
1 The father only argues his parent-child bond precludes termination. He has waived any other arguments on appeal. 3
March 2018. She testified she has previously stopped taking her medications
because of the cost and because she has felt like she has “been a test dummy for
antidepressants.” At the time of the termination hearing, she temporarily lived in
the home of the children’s aunt, and she had worked for a temp agency for about
a month with the hope of being hired permanently.
The father has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder and anxiety.
He testified he has been consistently taking his medications since January 2018,
although the guardian ad litem doubted he had been taking medications
consistently. The father acknowledged he has previously stopped taking
medications when he did not believe they helped. During the termination hearing,
he said he was temporarily living with unspecified friends and he worked odd jobs
while pursuing regular employment with a temp-to-hire business.
On January 22, 2018, the State petitioned to terminate the parental rights
of the mother and father. On April 2, the court held a termination hearing. On May
2, the court terminated both parents’ rights to both children under Iowa Code
section 232.116(1)(h) (2018). Both parents separately appeal.
We review termination proceedings de novo, giving weight to but not being
bound by the district court’s factual findings. In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219
(Iowa 2016). “There must be clear and convincing evidence of the grounds for
termination of parental rights.” Id. Our primary consideration is the best interests
of the children. In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 776 (Iowa 2012).
First, the mother argues the statutory grounds for termination were not
satisfied. The court may terminate a parent’s rights under Iowa Code section
232.116(1)(h) when the court finds all of the following have occurred: 4
(1) The child is three years of age or younger. (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance pursuant to section 232.96. (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months, or for the last six consecutive months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days. (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 232.102 at the present time.
It is undisputed both B.C. and A.C. are less than three years old, have been
adjudicated CINA, and have been removed from the parents’ custody for at least
six of the last twelve months. Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(1)–(3). The remaining
question is whether the children could be returned to the mother’s care at the time
of the termination hearing. Id. § 232.116(1)(h)(4); see In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100,
111 (Iowa 2014) (indicating the statutory language “at the present time” refers to
the termination hearing).
The children were removed from the mother’s custody eleven months prior
to the termination hearing. The mother struggled with her mental health throughout
the removal period, having only resumed a consistent medication plan a couple
weeks before the hearing. Housing was also an issue throughout removal, and
she did not have permanent housing at the time of the termination hearing. She
had occasionally participated in semi-supervised visits at times, but she had
regressed to fully-supervised visits at the time of the hearing. While the mother
made efforts to address the issues leading to removal, the State presented clear
and convincing evidence B.C. and A.C. could not be returned to her care at the
time of the termination hearing. Accordingly, we agree the statutory grounds for 5
termination were proven by clear and convincing evidence under Iowa Code
section 232.116(1)(h).
Second, the mother argues termination of her parental rights is not in the
best interests of the children. When a statutory ground for termination is
established, the court must also decide if termination is in the best interests of the
child. Iowa Code § 232.116(2). As explained above, the mother is still attempting
to address her mental-health issues, she lacks permanent housing, and her
employment future is uncertain. Therefore, we find termination of her parental
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 18-0814 Filed October 10, 2018
IN THE INTEREST OF B.C. and A.C., Minor Children,
A.O., Mother, Appellant,
C.C., Father, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Barbara H. Liesveld,
District Associate Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
Amy R. Dollash of the State Public Defender’s Office, Cedar Rapids, for
appellant mother.
John J. Bishop, Cedar Rapids, for appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and John B. McCormally, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Kimberly A. Opatz of Linn County Advocate, Cedar Rapids, guardian ad
litem for minor children.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., Doyle, J., and Carr, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2018). 2
CARR, Senior Judge.
The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights to their son B.C. and their daughter A.C. The mother argues the statutory
grounds for termination are not met, the best interests of the children and her
parent-child bond preclude termination, and she should receive additional time to
pursue reunification. The father argues his parent-child bond precludes
termination.1 We agree with the district court and affirm.
B.C. and A.C. were born in September 2015 and April 2017, respectively.
On May 11, 2017, the family came to the attention of the Iowa Department of
Human Services (DHS) following a medical appointment. During the appointment,
the mother described fantasies of shaking A.C. to death and choking B.C. until he
turned blue. The father also became physically aggressive in the lobby and said
he can beat his children if he wants. The children were removed from the parents
at that time. On May 18, the children were adjudicated as children in need of
assistance (CINA).
During a semi-supervised visit on September 21, 2017, the father became
violent with the mother. As a result of the incident, the father went to jail for about
two months and eventually pled guilty to assault causing bodily injury. The mother
and father ended their relationship after the incident. At the time of the termination
hearing, each parent was allowed separate, fully-supervised visits.
The mother has been diagnosed with depression, bipolar disorder, and
post-traumatic stress disorder. She began taking her current medications in mid-
1 The father only argues his parent-child bond precludes termination. He has waived any other arguments on appeal. 3
March 2018. She testified she has previously stopped taking her medications
because of the cost and because she has felt like she has “been a test dummy for
antidepressants.” At the time of the termination hearing, she temporarily lived in
the home of the children’s aunt, and she had worked for a temp agency for about
a month with the hope of being hired permanently.
The father has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder and anxiety.
He testified he has been consistently taking his medications since January 2018,
although the guardian ad litem doubted he had been taking medications
consistently. The father acknowledged he has previously stopped taking
medications when he did not believe they helped. During the termination hearing,
he said he was temporarily living with unspecified friends and he worked odd jobs
while pursuing regular employment with a temp-to-hire business.
On January 22, 2018, the State petitioned to terminate the parental rights
of the mother and father. On April 2, the court held a termination hearing. On May
2, the court terminated both parents’ rights to both children under Iowa Code
section 232.116(1)(h) (2018). Both parents separately appeal.
We review termination proceedings de novo, giving weight to but not being
bound by the district court’s factual findings. In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219
(Iowa 2016). “There must be clear and convincing evidence of the grounds for
termination of parental rights.” Id. Our primary consideration is the best interests
of the children. In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 776 (Iowa 2012).
First, the mother argues the statutory grounds for termination were not
satisfied. The court may terminate a parent’s rights under Iowa Code section
232.116(1)(h) when the court finds all of the following have occurred: 4
(1) The child is three years of age or younger. (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance pursuant to section 232.96. (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months, or for the last six consecutive months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days. (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 232.102 at the present time.
It is undisputed both B.C. and A.C. are less than three years old, have been
adjudicated CINA, and have been removed from the parents’ custody for at least
six of the last twelve months. Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(1)–(3). The remaining
question is whether the children could be returned to the mother’s care at the time
of the termination hearing. Id. § 232.116(1)(h)(4); see In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100,
111 (Iowa 2014) (indicating the statutory language “at the present time” refers to
the termination hearing).
The children were removed from the mother’s custody eleven months prior
to the termination hearing. The mother struggled with her mental health throughout
the removal period, having only resumed a consistent medication plan a couple
weeks before the hearing. Housing was also an issue throughout removal, and
she did not have permanent housing at the time of the termination hearing. She
had occasionally participated in semi-supervised visits at times, but she had
regressed to fully-supervised visits at the time of the hearing. While the mother
made efforts to address the issues leading to removal, the State presented clear
and convincing evidence B.C. and A.C. could not be returned to her care at the
time of the termination hearing. Accordingly, we agree the statutory grounds for 5
termination were proven by clear and convincing evidence under Iowa Code
section 232.116(1)(h).
Second, the mother argues termination of her parental rights is not in the
best interests of the children. When a statutory ground for termination is
established, the court must also decide if termination is in the best interests of the
child. Iowa Code § 232.116(2). As explained above, the mother is still attempting
to address her mental-health issues, she lacks permanent housing, and her
employment future is uncertain. Therefore, we find termination of her parental
rights is in the children’s best interests.2
Third, both the mother and the father argue their bond with the children
precludes termination. Even if the statutory best-interests framework supports
termination of parental rights, the “court need not terminate the relationship
between the parent and the child” if it finds “the termination would be detrimental
to the child at the time due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship.” Id.
§ 232.116(3)(c). Both children are bonded with the parents and interact well during
visits. However, the children had been removed from the parents for about eleven
months at the time of the termination hearing. This time represents about one-
third of B.C.’s life and almost all of A.C.’s life. The service providers testified the
young children interact well with many people. As explained above, the mother
2 The mother also claims DHS did not provide enough services to help return the children to her care. While DHS is obligated to make reasonable efforts to return the child, it is the parent’s responsibility to demand other, different, or additional services in order to preserve error. In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 65 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999). DHS offered numerous services to the mother, and the record does not show she challenged the reasonableness of the services or requested any other specific services prior to the termination hearing. Therefore, to the extent she argues DHS did not provide reasonable services for reunification, she has not preserved error. 6
continues to have issues with her mental health, housing, and employment. The
father has similar issues: he admitted to occasionally choosing not to take his
medication, he was vague about his housing at the hearing, and he lacked regular
employment. Additionally, the father pled guilty to assaulting the mother during a
visit a little more than six months prior to the termination hearing. Therefore, we
find the bond between the children and both the mother and the father does not
preclude termination.
Fourth, the mother requests additional time to pursue reunification. Under
Iowa Code section 232.104(2)(b), a court may authorize a six-month extension of
time if it determines “the need for removal of the child from the child’s home will no
longer exist at the end of the additional six-month period.” Removal here was due
to the mother’s issues with mental health, housing, and employment. The removal
occurred about eleven months prior to the termination hearing. While the mother
has made efforts to address her issues, actual improvement on these issues during
the removal period has been insufficient. Accordingly, the record does not support
a finding that the need for removal will no longer exist in six months, and the district
court was correct in denying the same. See In re D.S., 806 N.W.2d 458, 474
(Iowa Ct. App. 2011) (“We will not gamble with a child’s future by asking him to
continuously wait for a stable biological parent, particularly at such a tender age.”).
AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.