In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children v. the State of Texas

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: March 28, 2024
• Docket: 10-23-00294-CV
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-23-00294-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF A.V.G.-P. AND A.O.G.-P., CHILDREN

From the County Court at Law No. 1 Johnson County, Texas Trial Court No. CC-D20220178

MEMORANDUM OPINION

The father of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P. appeals from a judgment that terminated

his parental rights. 1 See TEX. FAM. CODE § 161.001(b)(1), (2). The father complains that

the evidence was legally and factually insufficient for the trial court to have found that

he committed the predicate acts in Section 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (N), and (O) and that

termination was in the best interest of the children. Because we find no reversible error,

we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

STANDARD OF REVIEW—LEGAL AND FACTUAL SUFFICIENCY

The standards of review for legal and factual sufficiency in cases involving the

1The mother of the children did not appeal the trial court's judgment. Neither the mother nor the father attended the final trial. termination of parental rights are well established and will not be repeated here. See In

re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 264-68 (Tex. 2002) (legal sufficiency); In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25

(Tex. 2002) (factual sufficiency); see also In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 344-45 Tex. 2009). If

the evidence is sufficient as to one ground, it is not necessary to address other predicate

grounds because sufficient evidence as to only one ground in addition to the best interest

finding is necessary to affirm a termination judgment. In re N.G., 577 S.W.3d 230, 232-33

(Tex. 2019).

BACKGROUND FACTS

The department received a referral that there was domestic violence and drug use

in the home of the mother and father. A.V.G.-P. was one year old and the mother was

pregnant with A.O.G.-P. The department began an investigation but had significant

difficulty contacting the parents. The mother gave birth at home to A.O.G.-P., but they

were then transferred to a local hospital, where the department made contact with the

mother and father. A translator provided by the hospital was used to communicate with

the parents. The mother admitted to the use of marijuana and methamphetamine, with

the methamphetamine use a week before A.O.G.-P.'s birth. The father admitted to the

use of cocaine. There was no specific testimony regarding domestic violence in the home.

A.O.G.-P.'s umbilical cord blood was tested for drugs. The umbilical cord blood

was positive for methamphetamines, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, and THC.

The children were removed from the parents at this time due to the positive drug test,

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 2 the parents' admitted drug use, and the allegations of ongoing domestic violence. The

caseworker testified that A.O.G.-P. had some withdrawal issues and side effects from the

mother's drug use when he was first placed into foster care after the removal.

Both parents were requested to complete services. The service plans had to be

redone in Spanish but both parents signed their plan. 2 The father did not participate in

any of the services required by his service plan outside of completing one requested drug

test. Visitation with the children was suspended due to the parents not attending the

visits and not completing requested drug tests; however, the trial court ordered that the

visits could commence again when two clean drug test results were provided by each

parent.

The caseworker testified that the father communicated a desire to start visits again

but did not complete the required drug tests or otherwise engage in services. He did

eventually take one hair and urine test which was negative near the end of the

proceeding, but failed to take any of the other drug tests that were requested.

SECTION 161.001(B)(1)(E)

In his third and fourth issues, the father argues that the evidence was legally and

factually insufficient for the trial court to have terminated his parental rights on

Subsection (E) endangerment grounds, which allows termination of parental rights if the

trial court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent "engaged in conduct or

2 The service plans were not admitted into evidence at the final trial. In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 3 knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged in conduct which endangers the

physical or emotional well-being of the child." TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(E).

"Endanger" means "to expose a child to loss or injury, or to jeopardize a child's emotional

or mental health." In re M.C., 917 S.W.2d 268, 269 (Tex. 1996) (per curiam). An

endangerment finding often involves physical endangerment, but it is not necessary to

show that the parent's conduct was directed at the children or that the children suffered

actual injury. Tex. Dep't of Human Servs. v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531, 533 (Tex. 1987). "Rather,

the specific danger to the child[ren]'s well-being may be inferred from the parent's

misconduct alone." Id. In our endangerment analysis pursuant to Section

161.001(b)(1)(E), we may consider conduct both before and after the Department

removed the children from their parent. In re S.R., 452 S.W.3d 351, 360 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied).

A parent's use of illegal drugs, and its effect on his or her ability to parent, may

qualify as endangering conduct. See In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 345 (Tex. 2009). As a

general proposition, illegal drug use may support termination under subsection (E)

because it exposes the children to the possibility that the parent may be impaired or

imprisoned. Walker v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs., 312 S.W.3d 608, 617-18 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. denied).

A parent's missed visits with a child and his failure to complete a service plan can

support an endangerment finding because such conduct "generally subjects a child to a

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 4 life of instability and uncertainty." In re A.R.M., 593 S.W.3d 358, 371 (Tex. App.—Dallas

2018, pet. denied). Failing to regularly participate in visitation can reasonably be found

to be emotionally endangering to the child’s well-being. In re A.F., No, 07-19-00435-CV,

2020 WL 2786940, at *7, 2020 Tex. App. LEXIS 4152 (Tex. App.—Amarillo May 29, 2020,

pet. denied) (mem. op.). In general, a parent's conduct that subjects children to a life of

uncertainty and instability endangers the physical and emotional well-being of those

children. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d at 531.

Here, the father argues that there was insufficient evidence that he knew the

mother was using drugs during her pregnancy or that the father and mother were even

together prior to A.O.G.-P.'s birth. The investigator testified that the parents were

together when the initial referral came in and that she attempted to reach both of them

during the investigation. The investigator was able to interview both parents at the

hospital after the birth of A.O.G.-P., where they each admitted to using drugs that were

found in the umbilical cord screen taken from A.O.G.-P. It was not until several months

after the children were removed that the father informed the department that the parents

were no longer together. Thus, the trial court could have found that the parents were

together prior to the birth of A.O.G.-P. and that the father was using drugs around the

children and was aware of the mother's drug use during the pregnancy and take that into

consideration as part of its endangerment analysis. See In re J.A.V., 632 S.W.3d 121, 134

(Tex. App.—El Paso 2021, no pet.).

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 5 Further, the father did not regularly visit with the children from the time of the

removal until visitation was suspended by the trial court approximately three months

after this proceeding commenced. At that point, in order to reinstate visitation, the father

had to test negative for drugs two times. The department requested that the father take

drug tests, but he did not. After the father failed to take the drug tests, the trial court

suspended visitation entirely approximately six months into this proceeding. The father

took one requested drug test later in the proceeding which consisted of screening both

urine and hair, which was negative. The father did not otherwise participate in any

services, although he contacted the department several times about wishing to reinstate

visitation. A parent's missed visits with a child and his failure to complete a service plan

can support an endangerment finding because such conduct "generally subjects a child

to a life of instability and uncertainty." In re A.R.M., 593 S.W.3d 358, 371 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2018, pet. denied).

Viewing the evidence under the appropriate standards for the legal and factual

sufficiency of the evidence, the evidence was legally and factually sufficient to sustain the

trial court's endangerment finding pursuant to Subsection (E). Implicit in that

determination is our recognition of the deference to be accorded the factfinder's weighing

of the evidence and credibility determinations. See In re C.R., No. 07-19-00009-CV, 2019

Tex. App. LEXIS 3082, at *7 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Apr. 16, 2019, pet. denied) (requiring

such deference); In the Interest of A.V., No. 07-22-00340-CV, 2023 Tex. App. LEXIS 2652 at

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 6 *4, 2023 WL 3075943 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Apr. 25, 2023, no pet.). We overrule issues

three and four. Because we have found the evidence was sufficient to support one ground

upon which the termination was based, we do not reach issues one, two, five, six, seven,

or eight.

BEST INTEREST

In his ninth and tenth issues, the father complains that the evidence was legally

and factually insufficient for the trial court to have found that termination was in the best

interest of the children. In determining the best interest of a child, a number of factors

have been consistently considered which were set out in the Texas Supreme Court's

opinion, Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976). This list is not exhaustive,

but simply lists factors that have been or could be pertinent in the best interest

determination. Id. There is no requirement that all of these factors must be proved as a

condition precedent to parental termination, and the absence of evidence about some

factors does not preclude a factfinder from reasonably forming a strong conviction that

termination is in the children's best interest. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2002).

Evidence relating to the predicate grounds under Section 161.001(b)(1) also may be

relevant to determining the best interest of the children. See C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27-28.

The admitted illegal drug use of the mother and father was a substantial factor in

the removal of the children. It was therefore a reasonable deduction for the trial court to

determine that the father's failure to address the illegal drug use or to even participate in

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 7 drug testing when requested and when required to regain visitation with the children

established that the father lacked the motivation necessary to seek out programs available

to assist him in promoting the wellbeing of the children. See In re A.B., No. 07-19-00180-

CV, 2019 Tex. App. LEXIS 9110, 2019 WL 5199299, at *6 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Oct. 15,

2019, no pet.) (mem. op.) (parent's failure to complete services directly related to reason

for child's removal, including substance-abuse assessment, supported finding that

termination was in child's best interest because it gave rise to inference that parent did

not have ability to motivate himself to seek out resources available to promote child's

wellbeing). Taking drug tests when requested would have allowed the father to show

that he was not using illegal drugs when his parental relationship with the children was

at stake, but he did not do so.

Further, a parent's failure to regularly visit his children after removal may support

a finding that termination of the parent's rights is in the children's best interest. See In re

T.R.H., No. 01-16-00450-CV, 2016 Tex. App. LEXIS 12475, 2016 WL 6873061, at *8 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 22, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.). This is because the

failure to regularly visit one's children, especially young children, signals that the parent-

child relationship is not an appropriate one and that the parent is unwilling or unable to

meet the children's emotional and physical needs. See In re A.J.D.-J., 667 S.W.3d 813, 824

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2023, no pet.) ("Parental absence or lack of involvement

is especially telling with respect to the best interest of very young children, like babies

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 8 and toddlers, due to their inherent vulnerability and particular need for parental

attention and nurturing."). A.V.G.-P. was approximately one year old and A.O.G.-P. was

a newborn at the time of the removal. The father failed to even attempt to maintain or

establish a bond with the children through visitation at the start of the proceedings until

visits were suspended pending negative drug tests. Thereafter, the father failed to

attempt to regain visitation by taking the drug tests when requested.

Finally, the father did not attend the jury trial. When a parent fails to attend

termination proceedings without a valid explanation, "the factfinder may reasonably

infer that the parent is indifferent to the outcome." In re A.J.D.-J., 667 S.W.3d at 826. A

parent's failure to attend the final hearing may support a finding that termination is in

the children's best interest. See In re A.J.D.-J., No. 01-22-00724-CV, 667 S.W.3d 813, 2023

Tex. App. LEXIS 1964, 2023 WL 2655736, at *8 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 28,

2023, no pet.). A parent who drops out of participation in legal proceedings where their

parental rights are at stake can be presumed to lack the interest, ability, and desire to be

involved in their children's lives, which supports the trial court's best interest finding.

Viewing the evidence under the appropriate standards for legal and factual

sufficiency of the evidence, we find that the evidence was legally and factually sufficient

for the trial court to have found that termination was in the best interest of the children.

We overrule issues nine and ten.

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 9 CONCLUSION

Having found no reversible error, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

TOM GRAY Chief Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray, Justice Johnson, and Justice Smith Affirmed Opinion delivered and filed March 28, 2024 [CV06]

In the Interest of A.V.G.-P. and A.O.G.-P., Children Page 10