In the Interest of A.S., Minor Child
This text of In the Interest of A.S., Minor Child (In the Interest of A.S., Minor Child) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Iowa primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.
Opinion
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 22-1249 Filed January 25, 2023
IN THE INTEREST OF A.S., Minor Child,
B.C., Father, Appellant,
E.S., Mother, Appellant. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Scott D.
Strait, District Associate Judge.
A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights to a child born in 2021. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
Roberta J. Megel of the State Public Defender Office, Council Bluffs, for
appellant father.
J. Joseph Narmi, Council Bluffs, for appellant mother.
Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Ellen Ramsey-Kacena (until
withdrawal) and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorneys General, for appellee State.
Eric A. Checketts, Glenwood, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor child.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Ahlers, JJ. 2
VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.
A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental
rights to a child born in 2021. The mother and father (I) challenge the evidence
supporting the grounds for termination cited by the district court; (II) contend the
Iowa Department of Health and Human Services did not engage in reasonable
efforts to facilitate reunification; and (III) argue the district court should not have
terminated their parental rights based on the parent-child bond. The mother also
contends (IV) termination is not in the child’s best interests, (V) she should have
been afforded additional time to work toward reunification, and (VI) the district court
should not have terminated her parental rights because the child was placed with
a relative.
I. Grounds for Termination
The district court terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to several
statutory provisions. We may affirm if we find clear and convincing evidence to
support any of the grounds. See In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 64 (Iowa Ct. App.
1999). We elect to focus on Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2022), which
requires proof of several elements, including proof the child cannot be returned to
parental custody.
The facts triggering department involvement are essentially undisputed. At
the time of the child’s birth, the mother tested positive for methamphetamine and
the active ingredient in marijuana. The child also tested positive. The child was
discharged to the care of a relative, where she remained throughout the
proceedings. 3
The State filed a child-in-need-of-assistance petition naming the mother’s
husband and another man as possible fathers. The husband eventually divorced
the mother, and his paternity was disestablished. The other man was served by
publication, and he appeared through counsel at the adjudicatory hearing and
personally and with counsel at the remaining hearings.
The mother admitted to ongoing drug use. She refused to submit to drug
testing and spent a single day in a residential drug treatment program before
leaving against the advice of staff. Although the department allowed her to
exercise daily visits with the child under her relative’s supervision, the case
manager testified the mother would go “several days to around two weeks without
contacting” the relative or visiting the child. At the time of the termination hearing,
the mother was staying with her mother, who also used methamphetamine and
whose house had just been sold, requiring them to move. The case manager who
oversaw the case from the time of the child’s birth through termination testified the
child could not be returned to the mother’s custody.
As for the biological father whose paternity was ultimately established, he
spent several months in jail. On his release, he commendably made efforts to
have supervised visits with the child, and those visits went well. But he conceded
he needed a few more months to be in a position to have the child returned to his
custody. That concession foreclosed reunification. See W.M., 957 N.W.2d at 313
(focusing on return “at the time of the termination hearing”).
On our de novo review, we agree with the district court that the parents were
not in a position to have the child returned to their custody. 4
II. Reasonable Efforts
The department has an obligation to make reasonable efforts to facilitate
reunification. See In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000). The parents
generally assert the department failed to fulfill that obligation. On our de novo
review, we disagree. The department afforded the mother residential drug
treatment, drug testing, and daily supervised visits with the child. The mother
minimally availed herself of these services. The department also afforded the
father the same services, except while he was incarcerated. While the father took
advantage of these services—placing himself on a wait list for residential
treatment, testing negative for drugs, and participating in supervised visits—his
participation came too late. Id. at 495. By his own admission, he used drugs three
months before the termination hearing and was arrested for a no-contact violation
around that time. He was only released from jail two months before the termination
hearing. These circumstances were of his own making.
We conclude the department satisfied its reasonable-efforts obligation.
III. Parent-Child Bond
The court may grant an exception to termination based on the parent-child
bond. See Iowa Code § 232.116(3)(c). The mother testified to a strong bond with
the child. The father also testified to a bond but acknowledged he only had three
months to develop a relationship with his daughter. Given the parents’ insufficient
progress toward safe, independent parenting, we conclude the district court
appropriately denied this exception to termination. 5
IV. Best Interests
The mother argues termination was not in the child’s best interests. See id.
§ 232.116(2). We disagree. The mother could not safely parent the child. As the
department reported, “[she] has minimally participated in services but has not been
able to meet any of the goals set for her.” We agree with the district court that
termination of the mother’s parental rights was in the child’s best interests.
V. Additional Time
The mother contends she should have been afforded additional time to
reunify. See In re W.T., 967 N.W.2d 315, 323 (Iowa 2021) (“[T]he juvenile court
may deny termination and give the parent an additional six months for reunification
only if the need for removal ‘will no longer exist at the end of the additional six-
month period.’” (quoting Iowa Code § 232.104(2)(b))). The case manager
recommended against additional time, testifying it was “not really fair” to the child
that the mother was “unable to address” her “addiction and other behaviors in” the
“11 months” of the child’s life. We agree.
VI.
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