Fourth Court of Appeals San Antonio, Texas MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-20-00237-CV
IN THE ESTATE OF R. HOHMANN a/k/a Raymond Charles Hohmann, Deceased
From the County Court, Gillespie County, Texas Trial Court No. 10535 Honorable Polly Jackson Spencer, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Liza A. Rodriguez, Justice
Sitting: Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice Liza A. Rodriguez, Justice
Delivered and Filed: November 25, 2020
AFFIRMED
Appellant Bobby Hohmann (“Bobby”) appeals a summary judgment in favor of appellee
Sandra Hohmann Heep. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
This appeal involves a dispute over a purported holographic will. The decedent, R.
Hohmann a/k/a Raymond Charles Hohmann (“Raymond”), died on November 27, 2018. At the
time of his death, Raymond owned property worth several million dollars, including 929 acres of
land in Gillespie County, Texas. He was not married and he did not have any children.
When Raymond died, his caretaker and fourth cousin, Patrick Hohmann (“Patrick”),
searched Raymond’s home looking for a will. Patrick did not find a formally executed will, but he 04-20-00237-CV
found a document written on a legal pad in Raymond’s handwriting. In its entirety, that document
(“the written instrument”) reads as follows: 1
Put Land so it can not be sub-divide. Has to stay in one track, no cross fences or houses built on it, no hunting except for hogs or coyotes. Must run Belt Galloway cattle.
all tractors and implement stay on propty. If sold, must be restored as antque. not parted out. all log Barns must Stay on property.
Bank account not to be used as person acct.
Special account at chase go to Nina Westfall and Priscilla Davis.
Bank All estate account go to estate. Chase, Llano Nation and Regind Bank.
Bobby 929 acres Maurice, Robert + Patrick Hohmann = R. Hohmann Estate estate not to be divide into 3 pieces. stay as 1 track.
Mike Klein and Janis 10,000 Ken Bart + Susan 10,000 Weldon West 10,000 Cody Guthrie 10,000 Katie ” 10,000
Although the written instrument is not dated, the parties agree that its contents indicate it was
created sometime between 2014 and 2018. On February 7, 2019, appellant Bobby—who is
Patrick’s brother and Raymond’s fourth cousin—filed an application to admit the written
instrument to probate. In his application, Bobby asserted that the written instrument is a valid
holographic will.
1 The written instrument is transcribed here exactly as it appears in the record.
-2- 04-20-00237-CV
Appellee Heep is Raymond’s first cousin and contends she is one of his heirs at law. She
filed an opposition to Bobby’s application, arguing the written instrument is not a valid
holographic will because it “does not contain the signature of Decedent in any manner.” She then
filed a traditional and no-evidence motion for summary judgment on the same basis. In his
response to Heep’s motion for summary judgment, Bobby contended the written instrument
satisfies the signature requirement because Raymond wrote the words “R. Hohmann Estate” in his
own hand within the body of the document.
On January 29, 2020, the trial court granted Heep’s motion for summary judgment. In its
order, the court ruled that the written instrument “is not entitled to probate as a holographic will
because it was not signed.” Bobby now appeals.
ANALYSIS
Standard of Review
We review the trial court’s grant or denial of summary judgment de novo. FM Props.
Operating Co. v. City of Austin, 22 S.W.3d 868, 872 (Tex. 2000). To be entitled to a traditional
summary judgment, the movant must show there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and
that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Schuhardt Consulting
Profit Sharing Plan v. Double Knobs Mountain Ranch, Inc., 468 S.W.3d 557, 565 (Tex. App.—
San Antonio 2014, pet. denied). Once the movant establishes its right to judgment as a matter of
law, the burden shifts to the respondent to produce evidence raising a genuine issue of material
fact. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). We consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the
respondent, indulging all reasonable inferences and resolving all doubts in the respondent’s favor.
Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005).
To prevail on a no-evidence motion for summary judgment, the movant must show there
is no evidence of one or more essential elements of the respondent’s cause of action. TEX. R. CIV.
-3- 04-20-00237-CV
P. 166a(i); Fort Worth Osteopathic Hosp., Inc. v. Reese, 148 S.W.3d 94, 99 (Tex. 2004). The
respondent must then produce more than a scintilla of evidence to support the existence of the
challenged elements. Reese, 148 S.W.3d at 99. Where, as here, a motion for summary judgment
attacks the same element of the respondent’s claims on both traditional and no-evidence grounds,
we address the no-evidence arguments first. Teal Trading & Dev., LP v. Champee Springs Ranches
Prop. Owners Ass’n, 534 S.W.3d 558, 573 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2017), aff’d, 593 S.W.3d
324 (Tex. 2020).
Applicable Law
Generally, a valid last will and testament must be: (1) in writing; (2) signed by the testator;
and (3) attested by two or more credible witnesses. TEX. EST. CODE ANN. § 251.051; Lemus v.
Aguilar, 491 S.W.3d 51, 56 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2016, no pet.). However, a document that
does not meet the attestation requirement may be admitted to probate as a holographic will if it “is
handwritten entirely by the testator” and the testator “affix[ed] a signature or initial to the
document to execute the instrument.” Lemus, 491 S.W.3d at 56; see also TEX. EST. CODE ANN.
§ 251.052.
Application
As he did in the trial court, Bobby contends the handwritten phrase “R. Hohmann Estate”
in the body of the written instrument constitutes more than a scintilla of evidence that Raymond
signed that document. Heep responds that the “R. Hohmann Estate” notation identified a specific
piece of property and that there is no evidence Raymond intended that notation to serve as a
signature.
Bobby notes that “Texas courts have been lenient concerning the location and form of a
‘signature’” on a holographic will. Luker v. Youngmeyer, 36 S.W.3d 628, 630 (Tex. App.—Tyler
2000, no pet.). “However, while the signature may be informal and its location is of secondary
-4- 04-20-00237-CV
importance, it is still necessary that the maker intend that his name or mark constitute a signature,
i.e., that it expresses approval of the instrument as his will.” Id.; see also Adjudani v. Walker, 177
S.W.3d 415, 418 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.). Here, we see no evidence in the
written instrument indicating that Raymond intended the phrase “R.
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Fourth Court of Appeals San Antonio, Texas MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-20-00237-CV
IN THE ESTATE OF R. HOHMANN a/k/a Raymond Charles Hohmann, Deceased
From the County Court, Gillespie County, Texas Trial Court No. 10535 Honorable Polly Jackson Spencer, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Liza A. Rodriguez, Justice
Sitting: Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice Liza A. Rodriguez, Justice
Delivered and Filed: November 25, 2020
AFFIRMED
Appellant Bobby Hohmann (“Bobby”) appeals a summary judgment in favor of appellee
Sandra Hohmann Heep. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
This appeal involves a dispute over a purported holographic will. The decedent, R.
Hohmann a/k/a Raymond Charles Hohmann (“Raymond”), died on November 27, 2018. At the
time of his death, Raymond owned property worth several million dollars, including 929 acres of
land in Gillespie County, Texas. He was not married and he did not have any children.
When Raymond died, his caretaker and fourth cousin, Patrick Hohmann (“Patrick”),
searched Raymond’s home looking for a will. Patrick did not find a formally executed will, but he 04-20-00237-CV
found a document written on a legal pad in Raymond’s handwriting. In its entirety, that document
(“the written instrument”) reads as follows: 1
Put Land so it can not be sub-divide. Has to stay in one track, no cross fences or houses built on it, no hunting except for hogs or coyotes. Must run Belt Galloway cattle.
all tractors and implement stay on propty. If sold, must be restored as antque. not parted out. all log Barns must Stay on property.
Bank account not to be used as person acct.
Special account at chase go to Nina Westfall and Priscilla Davis.
Bank All estate account go to estate. Chase, Llano Nation and Regind Bank.
Bobby 929 acres Maurice, Robert + Patrick Hohmann = R. Hohmann Estate estate not to be divide into 3 pieces. stay as 1 track.
Mike Klein and Janis 10,000 Ken Bart + Susan 10,000 Weldon West 10,000 Cody Guthrie 10,000 Katie ” 10,000
Although the written instrument is not dated, the parties agree that its contents indicate it was
created sometime between 2014 and 2018. On February 7, 2019, appellant Bobby—who is
Patrick’s brother and Raymond’s fourth cousin—filed an application to admit the written
instrument to probate. In his application, Bobby asserted that the written instrument is a valid
holographic will.
1 The written instrument is transcribed here exactly as it appears in the record.
-2- 04-20-00237-CV
Appellee Heep is Raymond’s first cousin and contends she is one of his heirs at law. She
filed an opposition to Bobby’s application, arguing the written instrument is not a valid
holographic will because it “does not contain the signature of Decedent in any manner.” She then
filed a traditional and no-evidence motion for summary judgment on the same basis. In his
response to Heep’s motion for summary judgment, Bobby contended the written instrument
satisfies the signature requirement because Raymond wrote the words “R. Hohmann Estate” in his
own hand within the body of the document.
On January 29, 2020, the trial court granted Heep’s motion for summary judgment. In its
order, the court ruled that the written instrument “is not entitled to probate as a holographic will
because it was not signed.” Bobby now appeals.
ANALYSIS
Standard of Review
We review the trial court’s grant or denial of summary judgment de novo. FM Props.
Operating Co. v. City of Austin, 22 S.W.3d 868, 872 (Tex. 2000). To be entitled to a traditional
summary judgment, the movant must show there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and
that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Schuhardt Consulting
Profit Sharing Plan v. Double Knobs Mountain Ranch, Inc., 468 S.W.3d 557, 565 (Tex. App.—
San Antonio 2014, pet. denied). Once the movant establishes its right to judgment as a matter of
law, the burden shifts to the respondent to produce evidence raising a genuine issue of material
fact. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). We consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the
respondent, indulging all reasonable inferences and resolving all doubts in the respondent’s favor.
Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005).
To prevail on a no-evidence motion for summary judgment, the movant must show there
is no evidence of one or more essential elements of the respondent’s cause of action. TEX. R. CIV.
-3- 04-20-00237-CV
P. 166a(i); Fort Worth Osteopathic Hosp., Inc. v. Reese, 148 S.W.3d 94, 99 (Tex. 2004). The
respondent must then produce more than a scintilla of evidence to support the existence of the
challenged elements. Reese, 148 S.W.3d at 99. Where, as here, a motion for summary judgment
attacks the same element of the respondent’s claims on both traditional and no-evidence grounds,
we address the no-evidence arguments first. Teal Trading & Dev., LP v. Champee Springs Ranches
Prop. Owners Ass’n, 534 S.W.3d 558, 573 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2017), aff’d, 593 S.W.3d
324 (Tex. 2020).
Applicable Law
Generally, a valid last will and testament must be: (1) in writing; (2) signed by the testator;
and (3) attested by two or more credible witnesses. TEX. EST. CODE ANN. § 251.051; Lemus v.
Aguilar, 491 S.W.3d 51, 56 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2016, no pet.). However, a document that
does not meet the attestation requirement may be admitted to probate as a holographic will if it “is
handwritten entirely by the testator” and the testator “affix[ed] a signature or initial to the
document to execute the instrument.” Lemus, 491 S.W.3d at 56; see also TEX. EST. CODE ANN.
§ 251.052.
Application
As he did in the trial court, Bobby contends the handwritten phrase “R. Hohmann Estate”
in the body of the written instrument constitutes more than a scintilla of evidence that Raymond
signed that document. Heep responds that the “R. Hohmann Estate” notation identified a specific
piece of property and that there is no evidence Raymond intended that notation to serve as a
signature.
Bobby notes that “Texas courts have been lenient concerning the location and form of a
‘signature’” on a holographic will. Luker v. Youngmeyer, 36 S.W.3d 628, 630 (Tex. App.—Tyler
2000, no pet.). “However, while the signature may be informal and its location is of secondary
-4- 04-20-00237-CV
importance, it is still necessary that the maker intend that his name or mark constitute a signature,
i.e., that it expresses approval of the instrument as his will.” Id.; see also Adjudani v. Walker, 177
S.W.3d 415, 418 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.). Here, we see no evidence in the
written instrument indicating that Raymond intended the phrase “R. Hohmann Estate” to serve as
his signature. See Luker, 36 S.W.3d at 630–31. That phrase is used only once, in connection with
a purported bequest to three named individuals. When the written instrument is viewed as a whole,
the phrase “R. Hohmann Estate” bears no apparent connection to any of its other provisions. See
id. at 631 (holding the handwritten phrase “Margaret E. Whiteley Charitable Trust” did not
constitute a signature because “it [did] not pertain to the testamentary provisions contained in”
other pages of the purported holographic will). Because nothing in the written instrument indicates
the phrase “R. Hohmann Estate” expresses Raymond’s approval of that document as a whole, these
facts are distinguishable from the authority upon which Bobby relies. See Mortg. Bond Corp. v.
Haney, 105 S.W.2d 488, 491 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 1937, writ ref’d) (testator who “could neither
read nor write the English language” validly signed her will by marking it with an X in front of
witnesses); Lawson v. Dawson’s Estate, 53 S.W. 64, 65 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1899, writ ref’d)
(handwritten instrument that began “I, J.P.J. Dawson, being of sound mind . . . make this my last
will and testament” satisfied signature requirement because “it sufficiently appears that the intent
to execute was present at the time”).
Bobby cites Gilkey v. Chambers, 207 S.W.2d 70 (Tex. 1947), and Lane v. Sherrill, 614
S.W.2d 619 (Tex. App.—Austin 1981, no writ), for the proposition that we must liberally construe
holographic wills to effectuate the testator’s intent. While we do not question this general principle,
we note that neither Gilkey nor Lane involved a dispute about whether the documents in question
were valid holographic wills. Gilkey, 207 S.W.2d at 357; Lane, 614 S.W.2d at 620. Gilkey revolved
around the proper construction of the words the testator used, while Lane considered whether two
-5- 04-20-00237-CV
holographic wills could be construed together as a single will. Gilkey, 207 S.W.2d at 361–62;
Lane, 614 S.W.2d at 622–23. Bobby cites no authority holding that we must liberally construe the
written instrument’s compliance with the signature requirement applicable to holographic wills.
See TEX. EST. CODE §§ 251.051, 251.052.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude the written instrument itself does not support Bobby’s
assertion that Raymond intended the phrase “R. Hohmann Estate” to constitute a signature. See In
re Estate of Schiwetz, 102 S.W.3d 355, 364 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2003, pet.
denied). Because Bobby did not offer any other summary judgment evidence to show that
Raymond signed the written instrument, the trial court did not err by granting Heep’s no-evidence
motion for summary judgment. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i); TEX. EST. CODE §§ 251.051, 251.052;
Luker, 36 S.W.3d at 630–31. As a result, we need not consider whether Heep was entitled to a
traditional summary judgment. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1; BP Am. Prod. Co. v. Zaffirini, 419 S.W.3d
485, 512 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2013, pet. denied).
CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Liza A. Rodriguez, Justice
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