IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
In re: ) ) WINDMIL THERAPEUTICS, INC., a ) Delaware corporation, ) ) Assignor, ) ) C.A. No. 2023-1294-PAF To: ) ) WMT (AN ABC) LLC, a Delaware limited ) liability company, ) ) Assignee. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Date Submitted: March 6, 2024 Date Decided: March 13, 2024
Adam Hiller, HILLER LAW, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware; Patrick Costello, VECTIS LAW, Redwood City, California; Attorneys for Assignee WMT (an ABC) LLC.
FIORAVANTI, Vice Chancellor This action involves a voluntary assignment for the benefit of creditors by
assignor WindMIL Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Assignor”).1 The assignee, WMT (an
ABC) LLC (the “Assignee”) has filed motions to appoint appraisers pursuant to 10
Del. C. § 7382 and to fix a bond pursuant to 10 Del. C. § 7383. 2 For the reasons
discussed below, the motions are denied, and the case is dismissed.
I. BACKGROUND
On December 27, 2023, the assignee filed the assignment petition in this case.3
The Assignee is a single-purpose Delaware limited liability company formed by
Ravix Group Inc. for purposes of this matter. 4 The petition averred that the Assignor
entered into the assignment on March 13, 2023. 5 Although the petition indicated
that the assignment agreement was attached as Exhibit A, the assignment agreement
was not submitted with the petition. On January 3, 2024, the court entered an order
governing the proceeding (the “Initial Order”). 6
1 Citations to the docket in this action are in the form of “Dkt. [#].” 2 See Dkts. 6 & 7. 3 Dkt. 1. 4 Id. ¶ 11. 5 Id. ¶ 8. 6 Dkt. 2.
2 On January 10, 2024, the assignee filed a letter requesting a 45-day extension
to file a declaration detailing the matters identified in the court’s Initial Order.7 The
court entered a minute order granting that request the next day. 8 On February 23,
the Assignee filed the initial affidavit responding to the Initial Order.9 The initial
affidavit included the assignment agreement, which is dated March 13, 2023.10 The
exhibits to the initial affidavit also included two purported valuation opinions. One
is an appraisal authored by Redwood Valuation Partners (“Redwood”) and dated
November 21, 2023, with a valuation date of October 31, 2023. It is conspicuously
stamped on every page as a “DRAFT - FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY”
and is unsigned.11 The draft Redwood appraisal estimates the fair market value of
the assignor’s intellectual property to be $409,000. The other appraisal is authored
by Braun Co. (“Braun”) and dated November 22, 2023, with a valuation date of
October 31, 2023. 12 It offers a “speculative value” of the assignor’s patents and
intellectual property of $100.00.
7 Dkt. 3. 8 Dkt. 4. 9 Dkt. 5. 10 Id. Attachment C. 11 Id. Attachment F. 12 Id. Attachment G.
3 On March 6, 2024—four-and-a-half months after receiving the purported
appraisals, and more than three months after the filing of the petition—the Assignee
filed a motion seeking an order of this court appointing Redwood and Braun as
appraisers (the “Appraiser Motion”).13 The Appraiser Motion acknowledges that it
is seeking retroactive appointment of the proposed appraisers. The Appraiser
Motion offers no explanation for the Assignee’s decision to obtain appraisals from
appraisers that had not been appointed by the court.
Also on March 6, the Assignee filed a motion to fix the bond (the “Bond
Motion”). 14 The Bond Motion states that the assets assigned to the Assignee consist
of (1) amounts due for tax refunds, of which the Assignee has collected $151,000,
and (2) intellectual property. The Assignee proposes that the court fix the bond at
$152,000, which the Assignee derives by adding the amounts collected for tax
refunds and a nominal value of $1,000 for the intellectual property. The Assignee
asks the court to ignore Redwood’s purported appraisal of the intellectual property
in the amount of $409,000 because, after the initiation of this proceeding, the
licensor of the intellectual property “indicated to the Assignee that it is not interested
13 Dkt. 6. 14 Dkt. 7.
4 in working with the Assignee to permit an assignment of its license rights in
connection with a disposition by the Assignee.” 15
II. ANALYSIS
The Delaware assignment for the benefit of creditors, or “ABC,” statute
consists of seven sections. The first requires in any voluntary assignment that “the
assignee, within 30 days after the execution thereof, shall file in the office of the
Register in Chancery . . . an inventory or schedule of the estate or effects so
assigned.” 10 Del. C. § 7381. Section 7382 next requires the court to appoint “2
disinterested and competent persons to appraise the estate assigned.” In practice,
this has typically involved the assignee filing a motion to appoint two appraisers,
which the assignee has identified and has determined are competent and are not
conflicted.
After the appraisers have provided their appraisals, the statute requires the
court to fix a bond “in an amount . . . being not less than the total amount of inventory
and appraisement of the estate so assigned.” Id. § 7383. Section 7384 permits the
court, upon application of any interested party, to “direct the bond . . . to be
proceeded on if it deems it necessary and proper for the protection of such interested
party.”
15 Dkt. 5 at 4; see also Dkt. 7 ¶ 2.
5 The assignment statute commands that “[t]he assignee shall render an account
of the assignee’s trusteeship every year from the date of the assignee’s bond” and
each year thereafter until the assignment is closed. Id. § 7385(a). The accounting is
to be filed with the Register in Chancery (id.), and all persons in interest must receive
notice and an opportunity to file exceptions to the accounting. Id. § 7385(b). Section
7386 allows the court to remove an assignee for cause and to appoint a replacement
assignee. Finally, Section 7387 provides for the voiding of preferences and
assignments under certain circumstances.
This case, like most other ABC cases, has proceeded ex parte. Historically,
ex parte ABC matters often provided little transparency to creditors, limited and
incomplete information about the initiation of the ABC, and, frequently, failed to
comply with the statutory requirements. Indeed, as one Delaware lawyer noted,
practitioners used to call ABC practice under Delaware’s assignment statute “the
Wild West of bankruptcy.” Leslie A. Pappas, Del. Chancery Cracks Down on Non-
Bankruptcy Bankruptcies, Law360 (May 19, 2022). The court has issued rulings
designed to encourage counsel to address these shortcomings. See Matter of Global
Safety Labs, Inc., 2022 WL 1493324, at *1 (Del. Ch. May 12, 2022) (noting that
“counsel have a heightened obligation to provide information to the court” in ex
parte matters such as ABCs); see e.g., In re Kidbox.com, Inc., C.A. No. 2022-0379-
PAF, at 4 (Del. Ch. May 16, 2022) (ORDER) (denying ex parte application for the
6 functional equivalent of an automatic stay under the federal bankruptcy code which
is not provided for in Delaware’s ABC statute); In re Prenexus Health, Inc., 2023
WL 2159180, at *2 (Del. Ch. Feb. 22, 2023) (denying motions to waive the
requirement to appoint appraisers and for an unsecured bond); In re Aeolus
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., C.A. No. 2018-0212-PAF, at 5–6 (Del. Ch. Oct. 20, 2023)
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IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
In re: ) ) WINDMIL THERAPEUTICS, INC., a ) Delaware corporation, ) ) Assignor, ) ) C.A. No. 2023-1294-PAF To: ) ) WMT (AN ABC) LLC, a Delaware limited ) liability company, ) ) Assignee. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Date Submitted: March 6, 2024 Date Decided: March 13, 2024
Adam Hiller, HILLER LAW, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware; Patrick Costello, VECTIS LAW, Redwood City, California; Attorneys for Assignee WMT (an ABC) LLC.
FIORAVANTI, Vice Chancellor This action involves a voluntary assignment for the benefit of creditors by
assignor WindMIL Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Assignor”).1 The assignee, WMT (an
ABC) LLC (the “Assignee”) has filed motions to appoint appraisers pursuant to 10
Del. C. § 7382 and to fix a bond pursuant to 10 Del. C. § 7383. 2 For the reasons
discussed below, the motions are denied, and the case is dismissed.
I. BACKGROUND
On December 27, 2023, the assignee filed the assignment petition in this case.3
The Assignee is a single-purpose Delaware limited liability company formed by
Ravix Group Inc. for purposes of this matter. 4 The petition averred that the Assignor
entered into the assignment on March 13, 2023. 5 Although the petition indicated
that the assignment agreement was attached as Exhibit A, the assignment agreement
was not submitted with the petition. On January 3, 2024, the court entered an order
governing the proceeding (the “Initial Order”). 6
1 Citations to the docket in this action are in the form of “Dkt. [#].” 2 See Dkts. 6 & 7. 3 Dkt. 1. 4 Id. ¶ 11. 5 Id. ¶ 8. 6 Dkt. 2.
2 On January 10, 2024, the assignee filed a letter requesting a 45-day extension
to file a declaration detailing the matters identified in the court’s Initial Order.7 The
court entered a minute order granting that request the next day. 8 On February 23,
the Assignee filed the initial affidavit responding to the Initial Order.9 The initial
affidavit included the assignment agreement, which is dated March 13, 2023.10 The
exhibits to the initial affidavit also included two purported valuation opinions. One
is an appraisal authored by Redwood Valuation Partners (“Redwood”) and dated
November 21, 2023, with a valuation date of October 31, 2023. It is conspicuously
stamped on every page as a “DRAFT - FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY”
and is unsigned.11 The draft Redwood appraisal estimates the fair market value of
the assignor’s intellectual property to be $409,000. The other appraisal is authored
by Braun Co. (“Braun”) and dated November 22, 2023, with a valuation date of
October 31, 2023. 12 It offers a “speculative value” of the assignor’s patents and
intellectual property of $100.00.
7 Dkt. 3. 8 Dkt. 4. 9 Dkt. 5. 10 Id. Attachment C. 11 Id. Attachment F. 12 Id. Attachment G.
3 On March 6, 2024—four-and-a-half months after receiving the purported
appraisals, and more than three months after the filing of the petition—the Assignee
filed a motion seeking an order of this court appointing Redwood and Braun as
appraisers (the “Appraiser Motion”).13 The Appraiser Motion acknowledges that it
is seeking retroactive appointment of the proposed appraisers. The Appraiser
Motion offers no explanation for the Assignee’s decision to obtain appraisals from
appraisers that had not been appointed by the court.
Also on March 6, the Assignee filed a motion to fix the bond (the “Bond
Motion”). 14 The Bond Motion states that the assets assigned to the Assignee consist
of (1) amounts due for tax refunds, of which the Assignee has collected $151,000,
and (2) intellectual property. The Assignee proposes that the court fix the bond at
$152,000, which the Assignee derives by adding the amounts collected for tax
refunds and a nominal value of $1,000 for the intellectual property. The Assignee
asks the court to ignore Redwood’s purported appraisal of the intellectual property
in the amount of $409,000 because, after the initiation of this proceeding, the
licensor of the intellectual property “indicated to the Assignee that it is not interested
13 Dkt. 6. 14 Dkt. 7.
4 in working with the Assignee to permit an assignment of its license rights in
connection with a disposition by the Assignee.” 15
II. ANALYSIS
The Delaware assignment for the benefit of creditors, or “ABC,” statute
consists of seven sections. The first requires in any voluntary assignment that “the
assignee, within 30 days after the execution thereof, shall file in the office of the
Register in Chancery . . . an inventory or schedule of the estate or effects so
assigned.” 10 Del. C. § 7381. Section 7382 next requires the court to appoint “2
disinterested and competent persons to appraise the estate assigned.” In practice,
this has typically involved the assignee filing a motion to appoint two appraisers,
which the assignee has identified and has determined are competent and are not
conflicted.
After the appraisers have provided their appraisals, the statute requires the
court to fix a bond “in an amount . . . being not less than the total amount of inventory
and appraisement of the estate so assigned.” Id. § 7383. Section 7384 permits the
court, upon application of any interested party, to “direct the bond . . . to be
proceeded on if it deems it necessary and proper for the protection of such interested
party.”
15 Dkt. 5 at 4; see also Dkt. 7 ¶ 2.
5 The assignment statute commands that “[t]he assignee shall render an account
of the assignee’s trusteeship every year from the date of the assignee’s bond” and
each year thereafter until the assignment is closed. Id. § 7385(a). The accounting is
to be filed with the Register in Chancery (id.), and all persons in interest must receive
notice and an opportunity to file exceptions to the accounting. Id. § 7385(b). Section
7386 allows the court to remove an assignee for cause and to appoint a replacement
assignee. Finally, Section 7387 provides for the voiding of preferences and
assignments under certain circumstances.
This case, like most other ABC cases, has proceeded ex parte. Historically,
ex parte ABC matters often provided little transparency to creditors, limited and
incomplete information about the initiation of the ABC, and, frequently, failed to
comply with the statutory requirements. Indeed, as one Delaware lawyer noted,
practitioners used to call ABC practice under Delaware’s assignment statute “the
Wild West of bankruptcy.” Leslie A. Pappas, Del. Chancery Cracks Down on Non-
Bankruptcy Bankruptcies, Law360 (May 19, 2022). The court has issued rulings
designed to encourage counsel to address these shortcomings. See Matter of Global
Safety Labs, Inc., 2022 WL 1493324, at *1 (Del. Ch. May 12, 2022) (noting that
“counsel have a heightened obligation to provide information to the court” in ex
parte matters such as ABCs); see e.g., In re Kidbox.com, Inc., C.A. No. 2022-0379-
PAF, at 4 (Del. Ch. May 16, 2022) (ORDER) (denying ex parte application for the
6 functional equivalent of an automatic stay under the federal bankruptcy code which
is not provided for in Delaware’s ABC statute); In re Prenexus Health, Inc., 2023
WL 2159180, at *2 (Del. Ch. Feb. 22, 2023) (denying motions to waive the
requirement to appoint appraisers and for an unsecured bond); In re Aeolus
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., C.A. No. 2018-0212-PAF, at 5–6 (Del. Ch. Oct. 20, 2023)
(TRANSCRIPT) (denying motion to approve final accounting and then dismissing
ABC proceeding for failure to comply with the statutory requirements of Delaware’s
ABC statute).
With an eye toward bringing more transparency to the ABC process, in 2023,
the court began requiring more detailed information from assignees and establishing
firm deadlines to the extent they are not otherwise contained in the ABC statute.
See, e.g., In re Theonys, Inc., 2023 WL 3600773 (Del. Ch. May 22, 2023) (order
governing assignment for the benefit of creditors); In re Summit Naturals, Inc., C.A.
No. 2024-0199-PAF (Del. Ch. Mar. 6, 2024) (ORDER) (updated form of order).
The Initial Order, which the court issued in this matter on January 3, 2024, seven
days after the filing of the original assignment petition, is a similar order. 16 These
orders supplement, not supplant, the statutory requirements for ABCs.
16 Dkt. 2.
7 “[W]hen a voluntary assignment is made, certain things must be done as . . .
specified [in the statute].” Elliott v. Montell, 30 A. 854, 855 (Del. 1885).
Regrettably, this is another instance of an assignee’s failure to comply with the ABC
statute and untimely disclosure of information. First, the Assignee failed to comply
with Section 7381, which requires the filing of the affidavit of inventory within 30
days of the execution of the assignment. The assignment is dated March 13, 2023,
meaning that the Assignee was required to file the affidavit of inventory on April
12, 2023. The Assignee did not file the affidavit of inventory until December 27,
2023, when it filed the petition. No explanation was given for this clear violation of
the ABC statute.
Second, the Assignee purported to retain appraisers and procure appraisals
absent prior order of the court in violation of the ABC statute. 17 Making matters
worse, one of the appraisals was unsigned and labeled as merely a draft. The
Assignee offered no explanation for this statutory violation. 18 Nor does the Assignee
17 10 Del. C. § 7382 (“[T]he Court of Chancery shall appoint 2 disinterested and competent persons to appraise the estate assigned, who shall, after being duly sworn or affirmed by some person having authority to administer oaths, to perform their duties with fidelity, forthwith proceed to make an appraisement of the estates and effects assigned . . . .” (emphasis added)). 18 The Assignee’s request that the court ignore Redwood’s “valuation” hints that the estate’s resources may have been wasted. Before engaging appraisers, the Assignee could have inquired as to whether the licensor of the company’s intellectual property would
8 explain why it sought approval of a bond prior to appointment of the appraisers who
are tasked with performing appraisals upon which the terms of the bond are to be
established. 19
The Delaware ABC statute is not complicated. It has few mandates, but they
must be followed. See In re Weaver Hldg. Co., 2011 WL 5910707, at *1 (Del. Ch.
Nov. 28, 2011) (refusing request to waive the bond requirement under Section
7383(a) because the court had “no basis to waive the bond requirement explicitly
provided by the Legislature”). The Assignee has failed to comply with the statutory
mandates. Accordingly, the court must dismiss this action for failure to comply with
the statutory requirements of the ABC statute. See, e.g., Aeolus, C.A. No. 2018-
0212-PAF, at 5–6 (dismissing ABC proceeding for failure to comply with the
statutory requirements of Delaware’s ABC statute); see also In re Vernon Hills Serv.
Co., 2024 WL 889963, at *7 (Del. Ch. Feb. 29, 2024) (dismissing ABC proceeding
involving a non-Delaware assignor for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under the
Delaware ABC statute).
consent to a transfer of the license as part of the ABC process. It is unclear from the Appraiser Motion whether the appraisers were paid from the assignment estate for their appraisals. 19 10 Del. C. § 7383 (“The assignee shall, as soon as the inventory and appraisement required by § 7382 of this title have been filed, give bond with sufficient surety, to be approved by the Court of Chancery in an amount fixed by the Court, being not less than the total amount of inventory and appraisement of the estate so assigned.” (emphasis added)).
9 III. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the motions for appointment of appraisers and to
fix bond are denied, and the action is dismissed.20
20 Given the Assignee’s failure to comply with the statutory requirement that the affidavit of inventory be filed within 30 days of the assignment and the unidirectional nature of the passage of time, it is apparent that this violation cannot be remedied by refiling a new petition under the existing assignment agreement.