In re T.M.

2023 Ohio 4475

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: December 11, 2023
• Docket: 8-23-06
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as In re T.M., 2023-Ohio-4475.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT LOGAN COUNTY

IN RE: CASE NO. 8-23-06

T.M.,

ADJUDGED ABUSED AND DEPENDENT CHILD. OPINION

[THEODORE M. - APPELLANT]

Appeal from Logan County Common Pleas Court Juvenile Division Trial Court No. 21 CS 04

Judgment Affirmed

Date of Decision: December 11, 2023

APPEARANCES:

Alison Boggs for Appellant

Stacia L. Rapp for Appellee Case No. 8-23-06

ZIMMERMAN, J.

{¶1} This is an appeal from the March 2, 2023 judgment entry of the Logan

County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which terminated the parental

rights of the appellant, Theodore M. (“Theodore”), father of T.M., and granted

permanent custody of T.M. to Logan County Children’s Services (the

“agency”). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

{¶2} Theodore and Ashley P. (“Ashley”) are the natural and biological

parents of T.M., born 2020. On January 21, 2021, the agency filed a complaint

alleging T.M. to be an abused child under R.C. 2151.031(D) and dependent child

pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(A) and (C). The agency sought an ex parte order of

emergency temporary custody of T.M., which the trial court granted. Then, the trial

court appointed T.M. a Guardian Ad Litem (“GAL”) and held a shelter-care hearing

wherein the trial court determined that probable cause existed to believe that T.M.

was an abused and dependent child; that it was in the children’s best interest to be

placed into the temporary custody of the agency; and that the agency had made

“[r]easonable efforts to eliminate the need for the removal of [T.M.] from the home

based upon the emergency nature of the circumstances.” (Doc. No. 34).

{¶3} Following the adjudicatory hearings held on February 10, 2021 and

March 1, 2021, the trial court found T.M. to be an abused and dependent child.1

1 The agency moved orally to strike the dependency allegation under R.C. 2151.04(A). (Doc. No. 43).

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{¶4} The trial court held a dispositional hearing on April 7, 2021, and

thereafter ordered that T.M. remain in the temporary custody of the agency. The

trial court found that the agency had made reasonable efforts to eliminate the need

for the continued removal of T.M. from the home, and that it was not in T.M’s best

interest to return home to his parents.

{¶5} On March 21, 2022, the agency filed a motion for permanent

custody. Ashley filed an answer to the agency’s motion and a motion for legal

custody on March 30, 2022. On October 7, 2022, Theodore filed his motion for

legal custody and requested an updated forensic-parenting evaluation, which the

agency opposed. The trial court granted Theodore’s motion (in part) continuing the

permanent-custody hearing and permitting him to schedule the updated evaluation.

{¶6} On October 12, 2022, the GAL filed a permanent-custody-GAL report

that was later supplemented on January 10, 2023.

{¶7} After the permanent-custody hearings conducted on January 17 and 18,

2023, the trial court granted permanent custody of T.M to the agency by a judgment

entry journalized on March 2, 2023.

{¶8} Theodore filed a timely notice of appeal and raises two assignments of

error for our review.

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First Assignment of Error

The Trial Court Erred In Accepting [Theodore’s] Stipulation That The Agency Should Be Given Permanent Custody When The Child’s Mother Was Not Making A Reciprocal Stipulation.

{¶9} In his first assignment of error, Theodore argues that the trial court erred

by accepting his agreement to consent to the granting of permanent custody (of

T.M.) to the agency. Specifically, Theodore argues that the trial court modified its

Juv.R. 29(D) colloquy (to him) thereby rendering his consent to permanent custody

of T.M. uninformed and invalid. Moreover, he argues that the trial court failed to

verbally advise him (in open court) of his right to appeal.

Standard of Review

{¶10} “The standard for appellate review in a permanent-custody case is

whether the trial court had clear and convincing evidence to make an award of

permanent custody.” In re Terrence, 6th Dist. No. L-05-1018, 2005-Ohio-3600, ¶

86, citing In re Hiatt, 86 Ohio App.3d 716, 725 (4th Dist. 1993). The “clear and

convincing evidence” standard is a higher degree of proof than the “preponderance

of the evidence” standard generally used in civil cases, but is less stringent than the

“beyond a reasonable doubt” standard used in criminal cases. State v. Schiebel, 55

Ohio St.3d 71, 74, (1990). On appeal from an order terminating parental rights, an

appellate court will not reverse the trial court’s judgment if, upon a review of the

record, it determines that the trial court had sufficient evidence to satisfy the clear-

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and-convincing-evidence standard. In re Wise, 96 Ohio App.3d 619, 626 (9th Dist.

1994).

{¶11} In reaching its determinations regarding permanent custody, the trial

court must safeguard certain fundamental rights of parents. Terrence, supra, at ¶

87. “It is well recognized that the right to raise a child is an ‘essential’ and ‘basic’

civil right.” In re Franklin, 3d Dist. Nos. 9-06-12 and 9-06-13, 2006-Ohio-4841, ¶

9, quoting In re Hayes, 79 Ohio St.3d 46, 48 (1997) (citation omitted). The Supreme

Court of Ohio has held that a parent “must be afforded every procedural and

substantive protection the law allows.” In re Hayes, supra, quoting In re Smith, 77

Ohio App.3d 1, 16 (6th Dist. 1991). Where parental rights are permanently

terminated, “it is of utmost importance that the parties fully understand their rights

and that any waiver is made with full knowledge of those rights and the

consequences which will follow.” Elmer v. Lucas Cty. Children Serv. Bd., 36 Ohio

App.3d 241, 245 (6th Dist. 1987); Terrence, supra.

Analysis

{¶12} Here, the adjudicatory hearings of T.M. were held on February 10,

2021 and March 1, 2021 after which the trial court determined T.M. to be an abused

and dependent child pursuant to R.C. 2151.031(D) and R.C. 2151.04(C).

Conversely, the agency’s motion for permanent custody was filed under R.C.

2151.413 and R.C. 2151.414 seeking to modify the trial court’s temporary-custody

order to permanent custody. Permanent-custody proceedings are dispositional in

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nature and governed by Juv.R. 34 not Juv.R. 29. In re C.M., 10th Franklin No.

07AP-933, 2008-Ohio-2977, ¶ 35, citing In re Williams, 10th Dist. Franklin No.

03AP-1007, 2004-Ohio-678, ¶ 7. Since permanent-custody proceedings do not

concern adjudication, and instead are dispositional matters, Juv.R. 29 is not

applicable to the facts before us. In re C.M. at ¶ 36 (“Accordingly, because a hearing

to modify temporary custody to permanent custody is a dispositional hearing, Juv.R.

29 is inapposite.”). Consequently, Theodore’s argument regarding the trial court’s

professed failure to comply with Juv.R. 29 is wholly without merit under the facts

presented.

{¶13} Next, we address Theodore’s argument that the trial court judge failed

to verbally advise him of his right to appeal in open court. Importantly, Juv.R. 34(J)

requires “where any part of the proceeding was contested,” the trial court shall

advise the parties at the conclusion of the dispositional hearing of their right to

appeal. Notably, Ashley is the only parent who contested the proceeding. After the

commencement of the permanent-custody hearing, Theodore was sworn-in and

gave testimony regarding his willingness to consent to the permanent-custody

proceedings. Thereafter, he and his trial counsel left the courtroom and neither of

them participated in the remainder of the proceeding. Hence, if there was any error

here, it can be interpreted as invited error since the trial court was unable to advise

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Theodore of his right to appeal at the conclusion of the hearing due to his absence

from the hearing.2

{¶14} Additionally, as we noted in our recitation of the procedural history of

this case, Theodore filed a timely notice of appeal. Consequently, since Theodore’s

appeal was timely made he has suffered no prejudice from the trial courts alleged

failure, and this issue is moot. In the Matter of Holtgreven, 3d Dist. Hancock No.

5-95-7, 1995 WL 368841, *5 (June 23, 1995), citing In re Haas, 45 Ohio App.2d

187, 190 (5th Dist. 1975). In the Matter of E.R., 4th Dist. Athens No. 22CA16,

2023-Ohio-1468, ¶ 52.

{¶15} Accordingly, Theodore’s first assignment of error is overruled.

Second Assignment of Error

[Theodore] Received Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel.

{¶16} In his second assignment of error, Theodore argues that his trial

counsel was ineffective. Specifically, he asserts that his trial counsel was deficient

by advising him to consent to permanent custody and by not challenging the

Agency’s motion for permanent custody.

{¶17} The statutory right to counsel is guaranteed in all stages of juvenile-

court proceedings under Chapter 2151 of the Revised Code. R.C. 2151.352. See

2 Nevertheless, we note that the trial court did include a written advisement of his right to appeal in the judgment entry following the dispositional hearing.

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also Juv.R. 4(A). “Additionally, the right to counsel ‘“also arises from the

guarantees of due process and equal protection contained within the”’ Ohio

Constitution and Constitution of the United States.” In re A.D., 3d Dist. Seneca No.

13-22-12, 2023-Ohio-2442, ¶ 22, quoting In re J.C., 10th Dist. Franklin, 2023-Ohio-

778, ¶ 28 citing In re Brooks, 10th Dist. Franklin Nos. 04AP-164, 04AP-165, 04AP-

201, and 04AP-202, 2004-Ohio-3887, ¶ 24, citing State ex rel. Heller v. Miller, 61

Ohio St.2d 6 (1980), paragraph two of the syllabus. The right to counsel includes

the right to the effective assistance of counsel. In re I.R., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga, 2021-

Ohio-3103, ¶ 83; In re D.L.S., 3d Dist. Hancock Nos. 5-15-04 and 5-15-05, 2015-

Ohio-2809, ¶ 34, citing In re Moore, 3d Dist. Hardin, 153 Ohio App.3d 641, 2003-

Ohio-4250, ¶ 28 and In re Brooks at ¶ 24. “[W]e apply the same test as the test for

ineffective assistance of counsel in criminal cases announced in Strickland v.

Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984), and adopted by the

Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Smith, 17 Ohio St.3d 98, 100 (1985). In re D.L.S.

at ¶ 34, citing Moore at ¶ 29.

{¶18} Establishing ineffective assistance of counsel requires the party to

demonstrate: (1) a deficient performance by counsel–that counsel’s performance fell

below an objective standard of reasonable representation, and (2) that counsel’s

errors prejudiced the party–a reasonable probability that but for counsel’s errors, the

outcome would have been different. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 669, 694, 104 S.Ct. at

2068, 2054-2056; State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136 (1989), paragraphs two and

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three of the syllabus; In re I.R. at ¶ 84. “[R]easonable probability” is “probability

sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Strickland at 694, 104 S.Ct. at

2068.

{¶19} Here, Theodore argues that his attorney was deficient based upon: 1)

certain statements his attorney made to Theodore relative to his consent to the

agency’s permanent-custody motion; 2) that his counsel failed to argue factors

favorable to him including his completion of the case plan; 3) that counsel failed to

consider that Theodore’s below-average intelligence prevented him from

understanding the finality of his decision; and lastly, 4) that counsel’s discussion

with the trial court regarding preparation of the judgment entry outside of

Theodore’s presence is somehow indicative that he (Theodore) was not in favor of

consenting to the agency’s permanent-custody motion.

{¶20} Significantly, and because it is dispositive of all four portions of

Theodore’s argument, even if we assume without deciding that his trial counsel’s

performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation,

Theodore, nonetheless, cannot carry his burden with respect to the prejudice prong.

That is–he cannot establish that the trial court would have granted his legal-custody

motion had his trial counsel advised him to contest the agency’s motion.

Specifically, since the alleged perpetrator of T.M.’s physical abuse was never

identified by the parents (who had exclusive physical care and custody of T.M. at

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the time that he received his injuries3), and would be contrary to the forensic-

parenting evaluation that recommended that neither parent could provide a safe and

secure environment for T.M. See In re A.D., 2023-Ohio-2442, at ¶ 45.

Consequently, Theodore has failed to carry his burden as to the prejudice prong of

his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim.

{¶21} Accordingly, Theodore’s second assignment of error is overruled.

{¶22} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the

particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

MILLER, P.J. and WILLAMOWSKI, J., concur.

/hls

3 Following a normal skeletal survey performed on T.M. at three days old, T.M. presented at his pediatrician’s office just shy of his two-month well-check, with bruising on his left arm and Ashley (his mother) described a seizure-like episode the preceding Sunday for which T.M. had not received any medical treatment. A subsequent skeletal survey revealed signs of two healing fractures in T.M.’s right leg and one in his left ankle.

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