MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Dec 04 2017, 7:01 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT R. Patrick Magrath Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Madison, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In re the Paternity of Titus A. December 4, 2017 Gambrel Court of Appeals Case No. 36A01-1706-JP-1475 Willa Royal, Appeal from the Jackson Superior Court Appellant-Respondent, The Honorable Bruce Markel III, v. Special Judge Trial Court Cause No. Luke Gambrel, 36D02-1503-JP-23
Appellee-Petitioner
Crone, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 1 of 8 Case Summary [1] Willa Royal (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s order finding her in contempt
for denying Luke Gambrel (“Father”) his scheduled parenting time with the
couple’s three-year-old son, Titus A. Gambrel (“Child”). She also challenges
the trial court’s denial of her motion to modify parenting time to limit Father’s
parenting time to supervised visits only. Finding that Mother has failed to
establish prima facie error, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] In February 2014, Child was born to Mother and Father out of wedlock. He
was diagnosed with autism and is essentially nonverbal, communicating largely
through sign language. He is involved in therapy five days per week, and his
therapist considers him to be about six months behind the cognitive average.
At some point, Mother and Father ended their romantic involvement, and their
relationship became strained. In 2015, Father sought to establish paternity, and
the trial court issued an order adjudicating Father as Child’s biological father.
In August 2016, the court issued an order awarding joint legal custody to
Father and Mother, with Mother having physical custody and Father paying
child support. The court granted Father unsupervised parenting time in
accordance with the Indiana Parenting Time Guidelines, which essentially
amounted to ten-hour visits on Saturdays and Sundays of alternating weekends,
with no overnights. Mother filed a petition for clarification of the parenting
time order, which the trial court dismissed on Father’s motion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 2 of 8 [3] On December 17, 2016, Child spent all day at Father’s house, which Father
shares with his father and brother. Shortly before Mother’s evening pickup
time, Father changed Child’s diaper and did not notice anything unusual.
Around 7:00 p.m., Mother and her boyfriend (“Boyfriend”) dropped off Child
at the home of Boyfriend’s mother (“Meme”). Mother did not change Child’s
diaper before dropping him off. Meme’s other son Noah bathed Child that
evening, and when Mother picked up Child around 1:00 a.m., Meme told her
that Noah had noticed some bruises on Child. When Mother took Child home
and changed his diaper, she saw small bruises on his leg and up one side of his
body. She took photos of the bruises. The next morning, Mother and Father
communicated by text concerning the inclement weather, which forced the
cancellation of Father’s regular parenting time. Mother did not ask Father
about the bruises, and Father later testified that he did not know about Child’s
bruises until his sister-in-law informed him of it several days later.
[4] Over the next couple days, Child’s bruises became more pronounced and
discolored, and Mother notified the Department of Child Services (“DCS”).
Mother told the assessing family case manager (“FCM”) that she believed that
Father had physically abused Child. A medical assessment indicated that
Child’s bruises were consistent with a finding of abuse. On December 22, 2016,
Mother signed a DCS community services safety plan, which provided that
Father would be limited to supervised visitation with Child, with Mother as
monitor. Petitioner’s Ex. 1.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 3 of 8 [5] Father learned about the DCS safety plan a week later, when Mother texted
him and included a screenshot of the document. In the ensuing weeks, Mother
and Father traded numerous texts, most of which concerned Father asking to
see Child, Mother telling Father that he could no longer see Child except at her
house or at a public place under her supervision, and Father refusing Mother’s
supervision and reminding her that court orders overrule DCS safety plans.
[6] On February 16, 2017, Father filed a petition for rule to show cause why
Mother should not be held in contempt for defying the trial court’s 2016
parenting time order. On March 14, 2017, Mother filed a petition to modify
Father’s parenting time to supervised visits only, per the DCS safety plan. At a
combined hearing on both motions, FCM Debra Satterfield testified that
according to her notes, no one from DCS contacted Father before they had
Mother sign the safety plan. She noted that Father had denied the abuse
allegations in an interview with police and that DCS had no witness statements
or other information showing that Father was the source of Child’s bruises. She
also reported that Mother had a DCS substantiation in 2014 for neglect of
Child.1 Child’s therapist testified as to his special need for a consistent routine,
and Mother and Father both testified on their own behalf. The trial court took
matters under advisement and issued an order finding Mother in contempt and
denying her petition for parenting time modification.
1 Mother testified that this substantiation was not for her but for her mother. Nevertheless, she admitted that she allowed her mother to pick up and drop off Child, even over Father’s objections. Tr. Vol. 2 at 35. See also Petitioner’s Ex. 4 (text message from Father objecting to driving arrangements for Child).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 4 of 8 [7] Mother now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
Discussion and Decision [8] Mother contends that the trial court abused its discretion in finding her in
contempt and in denying her petition to modify parenting time. Because her
arguments involve the same standard of review and underlying facts, we
address them together. We review the trial court’s ruling on both a contempt
petition and a parenting time modification petition using an abuse of discretion
standard. See Van Wieren v. Van Wieren, 858 N.E.2d 216, 223 (Ind. Ct. App.
2006) (contempt finding); Meisberger v. Bishop, 15 N.E.3d 653, 656 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2014) (parenting time decision).
[9] As a preliminary matter, we observe that Father has not filed an appellee’s
brief. Where an appellee fails to file a brief, we do not undertake to develop
arguments on his behalf; rather, we may reverse upon a prima facie showing of
reversible error. Morton v. Ivacic, 898 N.E.2d 1196, 1199 (Ind. 2008).
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Dec 04 2017, 7:01 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT R. Patrick Magrath Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP Madison, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In re the Paternity of Titus A. December 4, 2017 Gambrel Court of Appeals Case No. 36A01-1706-JP-1475 Willa Royal, Appeal from the Jackson Superior Court Appellant-Respondent, The Honorable Bruce Markel III, v. Special Judge Trial Court Cause No. Luke Gambrel, 36D02-1503-JP-23
Appellee-Petitioner
Crone, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 1 of 8 Case Summary [1] Willa Royal (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s order finding her in contempt
for denying Luke Gambrel (“Father”) his scheduled parenting time with the
couple’s three-year-old son, Titus A. Gambrel (“Child”). She also challenges
the trial court’s denial of her motion to modify parenting time to limit Father’s
parenting time to supervised visits only. Finding that Mother has failed to
establish prima facie error, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] In February 2014, Child was born to Mother and Father out of wedlock. He
was diagnosed with autism and is essentially nonverbal, communicating largely
through sign language. He is involved in therapy five days per week, and his
therapist considers him to be about six months behind the cognitive average.
At some point, Mother and Father ended their romantic involvement, and their
relationship became strained. In 2015, Father sought to establish paternity, and
the trial court issued an order adjudicating Father as Child’s biological father.
In August 2016, the court issued an order awarding joint legal custody to
Father and Mother, with Mother having physical custody and Father paying
child support. The court granted Father unsupervised parenting time in
accordance with the Indiana Parenting Time Guidelines, which essentially
amounted to ten-hour visits on Saturdays and Sundays of alternating weekends,
with no overnights. Mother filed a petition for clarification of the parenting
time order, which the trial court dismissed on Father’s motion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 2 of 8 [3] On December 17, 2016, Child spent all day at Father’s house, which Father
shares with his father and brother. Shortly before Mother’s evening pickup
time, Father changed Child’s diaper and did not notice anything unusual.
Around 7:00 p.m., Mother and her boyfriend (“Boyfriend”) dropped off Child
at the home of Boyfriend’s mother (“Meme”). Mother did not change Child’s
diaper before dropping him off. Meme’s other son Noah bathed Child that
evening, and when Mother picked up Child around 1:00 a.m., Meme told her
that Noah had noticed some bruises on Child. When Mother took Child home
and changed his diaper, she saw small bruises on his leg and up one side of his
body. She took photos of the bruises. The next morning, Mother and Father
communicated by text concerning the inclement weather, which forced the
cancellation of Father’s regular parenting time. Mother did not ask Father
about the bruises, and Father later testified that he did not know about Child’s
bruises until his sister-in-law informed him of it several days later.
[4] Over the next couple days, Child’s bruises became more pronounced and
discolored, and Mother notified the Department of Child Services (“DCS”).
Mother told the assessing family case manager (“FCM”) that she believed that
Father had physically abused Child. A medical assessment indicated that
Child’s bruises were consistent with a finding of abuse. On December 22, 2016,
Mother signed a DCS community services safety plan, which provided that
Father would be limited to supervised visitation with Child, with Mother as
monitor. Petitioner’s Ex. 1.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 3 of 8 [5] Father learned about the DCS safety plan a week later, when Mother texted
him and included a screenshot of the document. In the ensuing weeks, Mother
and Father traded numerous texts, most of which concerned Father asking to
see Child, Mother telling Father that he could no longer see Child except at her
house or at a public place under her supervision, and Father refusing Mother’s
supervision and reminding her that court orders overrule DCS safety plans.
[6] On February 16, 2017, Father filed a petition for rule to show cause why
Mother should not be held in contempt for defying the trial court’s 2016
parenting time order. On March 14, 2017, Mother filed a petition to modify
Father’s parenting time to supervised visits only, per the DCS safety plan. At a
combined hearing on both motions, FCM Debra Satterfield testified that
according to her notes, no one from DCS contacted Father before they had
Mother sign the safety plan. She noted that Father had denied the abuse
allegations in an interview with police and that DCS had no witness statements
or other information showing that Father was the source of Child’s bruises. She
also reported that Mother had a DCS substantiation in 2014 for neglect of
Child.1 Child’s therapist testified as to his special need for a consistent routine,
and Mother and Father both testified on their own behalf. The trial court took
matters under advisement and issued an order finding Mother in contempt and
denying her petition for parenting time modification.
1 Mother testified that this substantiation was not for her but for her mother. Nevertheless, she admitted that she allowed her mother to pick up and drop off Child, even over Father’s objections. Tr. Vol. 2 at 35. See also Petitioner’s Ex. 4 (text message from Father objecting to driving arrangements for Child).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 4 of 8 [7] Mother now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
Discussion and Decision [8] Mother contends that the trial court abused its discretion in finding her in
contempt and in denying her petition to modify parenting time. Because her
arguments involve the same standard of review and underlying facts, we
address them together. We review the trial court’s ruling on both a contempt
petition and a parenting time modification petition using an abuse of discretion
standard. See Van Wieren v. Van Wieren, 858 N.E.2d 216, 223 (Ind. Ct. App.
2006) (contempt finding); Meisberger v. Bishop, 15 N.E.3d 653, 656 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2014) (parenting time decision).
[9] As a preliminary matter, we observe that Father has not filed an appellee’s
brief. Where an appellee fails to file a brief, we do not undertake to develop
arguments on his behalf; rather, we may reverse upon a prima facie showing of
reversible error. Morton v. Ivacic, 898 N.E.2d 1196, 1199 (Ind. 2008). Prima
facie error is error “at first sight, on first appearance, or on the face [of] it.” Id.
[10] Father filed a petition for rule to show cause why Mother should not be held in
indirect contempt of court for failing to adhere to the 2016 parenting time order.
Indirect contempt of court “is the willful disobedience of any lawfully entered
court order of which the offender has notice.” In re Paternity of M.F., 956
N.E.2d 1157, 1163 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (quoting City of Gary v. Major, 822
N.E.2d 165, 169 (Ind. 2005)). Thereafter, Mother filed a petition seeking to
modify Father’s parenting time to supervised only. “A court may not restrict
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 5 of 8 parenting time unless that parenting time ‘would’ endanger the child’s physical
health or emotional development.” Hatmaker v. Hatmaker, 998 N.E.2d 758, 762
(Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (quoting D.B. v. M.B.V., 913 N.E.2d 1271, 1274 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2009), and Ind. Code § 31-17-4-1(a)). A party seeking to restrict a parent’s
visitation rights has the burden of proving by a preponderance of evidence that
a restriction is justified. Id. “[A]n order for supervision constitutes such a
restriction.” Id.
[11] Here, Mother predicated her petition to modify parenting time on Father’s
alleged abuse of Child.2 Father steadfastly denied that he abused Child or did
anything to cause Child’s bruises. FCM Satterfield testified that DCS had not
interviewed Father but that Father had given an interview to local law
enforcement in which he denied the abuse allegations. She also testified that
DCS had not taken any witness statements that pointed to Father as the cause
of Child’s bruises. Tr. Vol. 2 at 15. She admitted that DCS did not interview
Meme or Noah, who had given Child his bath a few hours before Mother
observed the bruises. Id. at 16. Mother admitted both to DCS and during the
hearing that she had never observed Father being aggressive with Child and that
she did not know whether Father had been the one who inflicted the bruises.
Id. at 50. She said she knew that the bruising had happened “at [Father’s]
residence.” Id. at 51. When asked how she could be so certain that Meme or
2 Mother’s brief includes a litany of Father’s alleged shortcomings as a parent, i.e., having a child support arrearage, not caring about Child’s therapy, and not having a toddler bed for Child at his house. However, these matters do not amount to a showing of endangerment sufficient to support a restriction in parenting time.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 6 of 8 Noah had not caused Child’s injuries during the five hours that they watched
him, Mother said, “Your [sic] right I didn’t see it. It is true speculation, but I
know these people like the back of my hand.” Id. at 50. Simply put, DCS
based its safety plan on Mother’s assumption that Father had abused Child.
[12] In examining whether Mother willfully defied a court order, we observe that
she was aware of the 2016 parenting time order and had adhered to it for
several months without issue. Yet, when she observed Child’s bruises, she went
straight to DCS and accused Father of abuse without even informing him of the
existence of the bruises, let alone asking if he knew how Child had gotten them.
At the same time, she discounted any possible involvement of others who had
watched Child after he returned from Father’s house. DCS issued the safety
plan without verifying the accuracy of Mother’s assertions about Father, a plan
that not only purported to prevent Father from having unsupervised visits with
Child but also named Mother as the supervisor/monitor. Mother wielded the
safety plan against Father, even though he reminded her that she was still
subject to the trial court’s 2016 parenting time order. She claims that she chose
to adhere to the safety plan because she feared reprisal from DCS. However,
the timing of her petition to modify parenting time (filed shortly after Father’s
petition for order to show cause) supports a reasonable inference that she was
aware of the court order’s precedence over the safety plan and was simply
attempting to avoid the consequences of having defied the court order. The
record supports the trial court’s finding that Mother willfully disobeyed the
parenting time order, which unquestionably takes precedence over the safety
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 7 of 8 plan. Mother has failed to demonstrate prima facie error in the trial court’s
finding of contempt and denial of her petition to modify parenting time.
Accordingly, we affirm.
[13] Affirmed
Robb, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1706-JP-1475 | December 4, 2017 Page 8 of 8