In re the Marriage of Pfeifer

907 P.2d 818, 258 Kan. 666, 1995 Kan. LEXIS 160
CourtSupreme Court of Kansas
DecidedDecember 8, 1995
DocketNo. 72,441
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 907 P.2d 818 (In re the Marriage of Pfeifer) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Kansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re the Marriage of Pfeifer, 907 P.2d 818, 258 Kan. 666, 1995 Kan. LEXIS 160 (kan 1995).

Opinion

The opinion of the court was delivered by

Abbott, J.:

The issue before us is whether court-ordered spousal maintenance automatically ceases upon the recipient spouse’s remarriage.

The Quints were divorced in June 1991. Mr. Quint was ordered to pay spousal maintenance in the amount of $125 per month for a period of 30 months, “so long as the petitioner [did] not remarry or cohabitate with a member of the opposite sex.” On December 31, 1991, the petitioner remarried and became Mrs. Pfeifer.

Quint filed a completed, but uncertified, copy of Pfeifer’s marriage license with the trial court that granted the divorce. No court action was requested or taken as a result of the remarriage or the filing of the executed marriage license. Quint did not file a motion to modify or terminate spousal maintenance. Quint did not pay any maintenance to Pfeifer after her remarriage, contending her remarriage had automatically terminated his maintenance obligation. [667]*667At this time, Pfeifer did not file a motion to compel Quint to pay spousal maintenance.

On June 21, 1994, some 2% years after her remarriage, Pfeifer obtained a garnishment to recover unpaid spousal maintenance. Quint filed a motion to set aside the garnishment, contending that his spousal maintenance obligation had automatically terminated upon his ex-wife’s remarriage. Pfeifer asserted that the maintenance obligation had not terminated because Quint did not file a motion to modify or terminate spousal maintenance upon her remarriage.

The district court found Quint’s spousal maintenance obligation automatically terminated upon Pfeifer’s remarriage on December 31,1991. Thus, the district court held that all spousal maintenance payments due after Pfeifer’s December 1991 remarriage were void.

Pfeifer appealed and, relying on Herzmark v. Herzmark, 199 Kan. 48, 427 P.2d 465 (1967), (a 4 to 3 decision) the Court of Appeals reversed in an unpublished opinion filed April 21, 1995, and remanded the case to the district court. In Herzmark, the divorce decree stated the maintenance would continue “until the further order of the court.” 199 Kan. at 49. Upon the payee’s remarriage, Herzmark stated that this occurrence established aprima facie case for termination of maintenance. However, under Herzmark, the maintenance obligation did not terminate automatically upon the payee’s remarriage. If it had, the court reasoned, then the court would not have an opportunity to inquire into the validity of the remarriage. The Court of Appeals asserted that neither the district court nor the payor could escape the Herzmark rule simply by including a statement in the journal entry which states that maintenance terminates upon the payee’s remarriage. According to the Court of Appeals, Quint should have filed a motion to terminate or modify maintenance upon Pfeifer’s remarriage. Since he did not, the Court of Appeals found that all of Quint’s maintenance payments were due and owing.

K.S.A. 60-1610(b)(2) allows a district court to include conditions for the termination of maintenance in a divorce decree. The decree at issue specifically states that Pfeifer’s remarriage is a condition for termination of maintenance. The question we must answer is [668]*668whether maintenance automatically terminates upon the occurrence of this condition. To answer this question, we must interpret K.S.A. 60-1610(b)(2) and the divorce decree. Statutory interpretation is a question of law. As such, this court exercises an unlimited, de novo standard of review. Foulk v. Colonial Terrace, 20 Kan. App. 2d 277, Syl. ¶ 1, 887 P.2d 140 (1994).

Pfeifer contends that the automatic termination of a payor’s maintenance obligation upon the payee’s remarriage is improper for two reasons. First, she contends that the remarriage may be invalid. Relying on Johnston v. Johnston, 3 Kan. App. 2d 208, 592 P.2d 132 (1979), Pfeifer points out that a marriage license alone is not enough to prove that a payee is validly remarried. The payor’s maintenance obligation is not necessarily terminated upon the payee’s apparent remarriage. Thus, the payor should be required to bring a motion and prove the payee is validly remarried. In response to this motion, the payee should have an opportunity to offer a defense, such as the invalidity of the marriage or the existence of special circumstances, before the maintenance is terminated. Pfeifer contends this opportunity for a defense would not exist if the payor’s maintenance obligation automatically terminated upon the payee’s remarriage.

In Johnston v. Johnston, 3 Kan. App. 2d at 209, the divorce decree ordered the payor to pay maintenance to the payee “continuing until such time as [the payee] remarries. In case [the payee] remarries prior to the time these alimony payments commence, she will not be entitled to receive any of the alimony award.” Subsequently, the payee remarried in Colorado. The payor did not make any maintenance payments because the payee had remarried before the first maintenance payment became due. 3 Kan. App. 2d at 210. Later, the Colorado court declared the payee’s remarriage invalid due to the payee’s mental incapacity to enter into a marriage. 3 Kan. App. 2d at 209. Consequently, the payee commenced a contempt proceeding against the payor to enforce payment of the maintenance obligation. The payee contended that her remarriage did not terminate the payor’s maintenance obligation under the divorce decree because in Kansas a marriage by a mentally incompetent person is void. As a void marriage, it never existed [669]*669arid therefore never terminated the payor’s maintenance obligation. On the other hand, the payor contended that Colorado, die state which found the payee’s remarriage to be invalid due to her mental incompetence, considered a marriage by a mentally incompetent person only to be voidable, not void. 3 Kan. App. 2d at 210. The Court of Appeals held that the Colorado marriage was void and therefore never existed. Thus, the payee’s remarriage never occurred, and the payor’s maintenance obligation was never terminated. 3 Kan. App. 2d at 211. Pfeifer points to Johnston in order to demonstrate the importance of allowing a payee the opportunity to present a defense before the maintenance is automatically terminated upon the payee’s remarriage.

Quint does not attempt to distinguish Johnston. Rather, he relies on Johnston for two of his own arguments. First, Quint points to Johnstons distinction between void and voidable remarriages. The Court of Appeals held that a void marriage did not terminate the payor’s maintenance obligation, yet if “the marriage was merely voidable, . . . the [maintenance] payments could be terminated.” 3 Kan. App. 2d at 211. Relying on this language, Quint contends that the payee’s remarriage, even if voidable, automatically terminates the payor’s maintenance obligation, unless the payee can prove her remarriage is void.

Next, Quint asserts the payee’s use of contempt proceedings in Johnston

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Bluebook (online)
907 P.2d 818, 258 Kan. 666, 1995 Kan. LEXIS 160, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-the-marriage-of-pfeifer-kan-1995.