This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A16-0086
In re the Marriage of: Kari Wynn Wahlstrom, petitioner, Respondent,
vs.
Eric David Wahlstrom, Appellant.
Filed August 22, 2016 Affirmed Hooten, Judge
Washington County District Court File No. 82-FA-14-1951
Tracey A. Galowitz, Viet-Hanh Winchell, Lawson, Marshall, McDonald & Galowitz, P.A., Lake Elmo, Minnesota (for respondent)
Carl A. Blondin, Oakdale, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Hooten, Judge; and Bratvold,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
HOOTEN, Judge
In this marital dissolution dispute, appellant husband argues that the district court
abused its discretion in awarding spousal maintenance and need-based attorney fees to
respondent wife. We affirm. FACTS
Appellant Eric David Wahlstrom and respondent Kari Wynn Wahlstrom were
married on September 30, 1995, and are the parents of two children. In 2014, respondent
petitioned to dissolve the parties’ marriage. The parties were able to come to an agreement
regarding several issues related to the dissolution, including the division of marital and
nonmarital property. But, the parties were unable to reach an agreement with respect to
other issues, including child support for the two minor children, spousal maintenance, and
attorney fees.
In lieu of a court trial, the parties agreed to submit their evidence and arguments
regarding the disputed issues in writing to the district court. The district court received
evidence that appellant’s gross income, including an annual bonus, was $10,128 per month.
The district court also received evidence that appellant’s net income with the bonus was
$6,784 per month.
The district court subsequently dissolved the parties’ marriage and ordered appellant
to pay child support to respondent of $387 for the children, who were almost 16 and 18
years old at the issuance of the judgment and decree. While the district court found that
appellant’s gross monthly income based upon his earnings was $10,128 and respondent’s
was $2,429, it failed to make any findings regarding the net income of either appellant or
respondent. The district court determined that appellant’s reasonable monthly living
expenses were $5,135 and respondent’s reasonable monthly living expenses were $4,673.
Based on these findings, the district court determined that respondent was in need of
spousal maintenance and that appellant had the ability to pay spousal maintenance. The
2 district court ordered appellant to pay respondent permanent spousal maintenance in the
amount of $2,500 per month.
Appellant moved the district court to amend the judgment and decree. On
November 17, 2015, the district court issued an order amending the judgment and decree.
In the order, the district court amended its award of attorney fees to respondent in the
original judgment and decree to reflect that the district court was awarding the attorney
fees based on respondent’s need. The district court ordered appellant to pay respondent
$15,000 in need-based attorney fees, finding that the fees were necessary for respondent to
make a good faith assertion of her rights, that appellant had the ability to pay the attorney
fees, and that respondent did not have the ability to pay. The district court ordered appellant
to pay the attorney fees out of his portion of the proceeds from the sale of the parties’ home.
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. One week later, the district court entered
an amended judgment and decree that reflected the amendments made in the November 17
order.
DECISION
I.
Appellant does not challenge the district court’s determination that respondent has
a need for spousal maintenance, but he argues that the district court abused its discretion
in awarding spousal maintenance because his monthly expenses alone nearly equal his net
income. We review an award of spousal maintenance for an abuse of discretion. Melius
v. Melius, 765 N.W.2d 411, 414 (Minn. App. 2009). A district court abuses its discretion
3 when it improperly applies the law or when it makes findings unsupported by the evidence.
Id.
The district court must consider all relevant factors when determining the amount
and duration of a spousal maintenance award, including “the ability of the spouse from
whom maintenance is sought to meet needs while meeting those of the spouse seeking
maintenance.” Minn. Stat. § 518.552, subd. 2(g) (2014). When deciding whether to award
spousal maintenance, the district court essentially balances the obligee’s needs against the
obligor’s ability to pay. Maiers v. Maiers, 775 N.W.2d 666, 668 (Minn. App. 2009). “In
order to determine ability to pay, the court must make a determination of the payor spouse’s
net or take-home pay.” Kostelnik v. Kostelnik, 367 N.W.2d 665, 670 (Minn. App. 1985),
review denied (Minn. July 26, 1985).
The district court found that appellant’s monthly expenses are $5,135. At the oral
argument on appeal, appellant conceded that, as set forth in the record, his net monthly
income, based upon a gross monthly income of $10,128, was $6,784 after deductions for
state and federal taxes. Appellant argues that assuming this net income amount, along with
his monthly expenses of $5,135 and his monthly spousal maintenance obligation of $2,500,
he would have a cash shortfall each month of $851 per month ($6,784 less $5,135 and
$2,500). However, appellant will be able to deduct the spousal maintenance payments
from his gross income, which will decrease his tax liability, and, at the same time, increase
his income available to meet his monthly expenses. See I.R.C. § 215(a) (2012) (allowing
“as a deduction an amount equal to the alimony or separate maintenance payments paid
during [an] individual’s taxable year”). In addition, the district court found that appellant
4 will receive approximately $200,000 in nonmarital property. Even a modest interest rate
on that amount will allow appellant another source of income to meet his monthly
expenses. Furthermore, as the district court noted, once the marital homestead is sold, as
is anticipated under the parties’ judgment and decree, appellant’s expected monthly
expenses will significantly decrease.
Although the district court found that respondent earned a monthly gross income of
$2,429, the district court, in determining her need for spousal maintenance, did not make a
specific finding regarding the respondent’s net monthly income. With appellant’s payment
of spousal maintenance of $2,500 per month, along with respondent’s monthly earned
gross income of $2,429, she will receive a total of $4,929 each month. Upon this gross
amount, she will owe federal and state income taxes upon her earnings and receipt of
spousal maintenance. See I.R.C. § 71(a) (2012) (stating that “[g]ross income includes
amounts received as alimony or separate maintenance payments”). In light of her monthly
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A16-0086
In re the Marriage of: Kari Wynn Wahlstrom, petitioner, Respondent,
vs.
Eric David Wahlstrom, Appellant.
Filed August 22, 2016 Affirmed Hooten, Judge
Washington County District Court File No. 82-FA-14-1951
Tracey A. Galowitz, Viet-Hanh Winchell, Lawson, Marshall, McDonald & Galowitz, P.A., Lake Elmo, Minnesota (for respondent)
Carl A. Blondin, Oakdale, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Hooten, Judge; and Bratvold,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
HOOTEN, Judge
In this marital dissolution dispute, appellant husband argues that the district court
abused its discretion in awarding spousal maintenance and need-based attorney fees to
respondent wife. We affirm. FACTS
Appellant Eric David Wahlstrom and respondent Kari Wynn Wahlstrom were
married on September 30, 1995, and are the parents of two children. In 2014, respondent
petitioned to dissolve the parties’ marriage. The parties were able to come to an agreement
regarding several issues related to the dissolution, including the division of marital and
nonmarital property. But, the parties were unable to reach an agreement with respect to
other issues, including child support for the two minor children, spousal maintenance, and
attorney fees.
In lieu of a court trial, the parties agreed to submit their evidence and arguments
regarding the disputed issues in writing to the district court. The district court received
evidence that appellant’s gross income, including an annual bonus, was $10,128 per month.
The district court also received evidence that appellant’s net income with the bonus was
$6,784 per month.
The district court subsequently dissolved the parties’ marriage and ordered appellant
to pay child support to respondent of $387 for the children, who were almost 16 and 18
years old at the issuance of the judgment and decree. While the district court found that
appellant’s gross monthly income based upon his earnings was $10,128 and respondent’s
was $2,429, it failed to make any findings regarding the net income of either appellant or
respondent. The district court determined that appellant’s reasonable monthly living
expenses were $5,135 and respondent’s reasonable monthly living expenses were $4,673.
Based on these findings, the district court determined that respondent was in need of
spousal maintenance and that appellant had the ability to pay spousal maintenance. The
2 district court ordered appellant to pay respondent permanent spousal maintenance in the
amount of $2,500 per month.
Appellant moved the district court to amend the judgment and decree. On
November 17, 2015, the district court issued an order amending the judgment and decree.
In the order, the district court amended its award of attorney fees to respondent in the
original judgment and decree to reflect that the district court was awarding the attorney
fees based on respondent’s need. The district court ordered appellant to pay respondent
$15,000 in need-based attorney fees, finding that the fees were necessary for respondent to
make a good faith assertion of her rights, that appellant had the ability to pay the attorney
fees, and that respondent did not have the ability to pay. The district court ordered appellant
to pay the attorney fees out of his portion of the proceeds from the sale of the parties’ home.
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. One week later, the district court entered
an amended judgment and decree that reflected the amendments made in the November 17
order.
DECISION
I.
Appellant does not challenge the district court’s determination that respondent has
a need for spousal maintenance, but he argues that the district court abused its discretion
in awarding spousal maintenance because his monthly expenses alone nearly equal his net
income. We review an award of spousal maintenance for an abuse of discretion. Melius
v. Melius, 765 N.W.2d 411, 414 (Minn. App. 2009). A district court abuses its discretion
3 when it improperly applies the law or when it makes findings unsupported by the evidence.
Id.
The district court must consider all relevant factors when determining the amount
and duration of a spousal maintenance award, including “the ability of the spouse from
whom maintenance is sought to meet needs while meeting those of the spouse seeking
maintenance.” Minn. Stat. § 518.552, subd. 2(g) (2014). When deciding whether to award
spousal maintenance, the district court essentially balances the obligee’s needs against the
obligor’s ability to pay. Maiers v. Maiers, 775 N.W.2d 666, 668 (Minn. App. 2009). “In
order to determine ability to pay, the court must make a determination of the payor spouse’s
net or take-home pay.” Kostelnik v. Kostelnik, 367 N.W.2d 665, 670 (Minn. App. 1985),
review denied (Minn. July 26, 1985).
The district court found that appellant’s monthly expenses are $5,135. At the oral
argument on appeal, appellant conceded that, as set forth in the record, his net monthly
income, based upon a gross monthly income of $10,128, was $6,784 after deductions for
state and federal taxes. Appellant argues that assuming this net income amount, along with
his monthly expenses of $5,135 and his monthly spousal maintenance obligation of $2,500,
he would have a cash shortfall each month of $851 per month ($6,784 less $5,135 and
$2,500). However, appellant will be able to deduct the spousal maintenance payments
from his gross income, which will decrease his tax liability, and, at the same time, increase
his income available to meet his monthly expenses. See I.R.C. § 215(a) (2012) (allowing
“as a deduction an amount equal to the alimony or separate maintenance payments paid
during [an] individual’s taxable year”). In addition, the district court found that appellant
4 will receive approximately $200,000 in nonmarital property. Even a modest interest rate
on that amount will allow appellant another source of income to meet his monthly
expenses. Furthermore, as the district court noted, once the marital homestead is sold, as
is anticipated under the parties’ judgment and decree, appellant’s expected monthly
expenses will significantly decrease.
Although the district court found that respondent earned a monthly gross income of
$2,429, the district court, in determining her need for spousal maintenance, did not make a
specific finding regarding the respondent’s net monthly income. With appellant’s payment
of spousal maintenance of $2,500 per month, along with respondent’s monthly earned
gross income of $2,429, she will receive a total of $4,929 each month. Upon this gross
amount, she will owe federal and state income taxes upon her earnings and receipt of
spousal maintenance. See I.R.C. § 71(a) (2012) (stating that “[g]ross income includes
amounts received as alimony or separate maintenance payments”). In light of her monthly
expenses of $4,673, she would only have $256 remaining to pay her federal and state tax
obligations.
On this record, which demonstrates that respondent has a need for spousal
maintenance and appellant has the ability to pay the spousal maintenance awarded, we
cannot conclude that the district court abused its discretion in awarding spousal
maintenance in the amount of $2,500 per month. We agree with appellant that it would
have been preferable if the district court would have specifically determined the net income
for both appellant and respondent in awarding spousal maintenance and explained how it
calculated the amount awarded. But, in light of evidence in the record regarding appellant’s
5 undisputed net income, his monthly expenses, and respondent’s need for spousal
maintenance, and her monthly expenses, we are able to review the reasonableness of the
award of spousal maintenance without these specific findings. Therefore, we do not find
it necessary, as requested by appellant, to remand this matter to the district court to make
specific findings regarding the parties’ net monthly incomes.
II.
Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion in awarding need-based
attorney fees to respondent. A district court shall award need-based attorney fees if it finds
that: the fees are necessary for the good faith assertion of the requesting party’s rights; the
party from whom attorney fees are sought has the means to pay them; and the requesting
party does not have the means to pay them. Minn. Stat. § 518.14, subd. 1 (2014). In the
context of reviewing an award of need-based attorney fees, the Minnesota Supreme Court
has stated that appellate courts review an award of attorney fees for an abuse of discretion.
Gully v. Gully, 599 N.W.2d 814, 825 (Minn. 1999). But see Geske v. Marcolina, 624
N.W.2d 813, 816 n.1 (Minn. App. 2001) (noting a tension in precedent regarding whether
a need-based award of attorney fees is mandatory or discretionary).
Appellant argues that respondent has not satisfied any of the three statutory elements
required to sustain an award of need-based attorney fees. He argues that the attorney fees
were not necessary for a good faith assertion of respondent’s rights because the case
proceeded “uneventfully.” But, contrary to appellant’s argument, even though the parties
came to an agreement on several issues, they disputed key issues of spousal maintenance
6 and child support. The attorney fees were therefore necessary for respondent to assert her
rights with respect to the disputed issues so that the district court could resolve them.
Appellant argues that he does not have the means to pay the attorney fees. But,
there is no merit to this claim in light of the district court’s order that the attorney fees that
are to be paid to respondent will be paid from appellant’s share of the proceeds from the
sale of the homestead when it is sold, not from his monthly income.
Appellant argues that respondent will have the means to pay the attorney fees with
her share of the proceeds from the sale of the marital homestead and her retirement assets.
The district court found that there was a “substantial disparity in the parties’ incomes,”
noting that respondent earns an annual gross income of $29,147 while appellant has an
annual income of over $120,000. Also, the district court found that there was substantial
disparity in “the division of marital/non-marital assets” under the judgment and decree.
Because of respondent’s low income, especially as compared to appellant’s, and the
disparity in the division of marital and nonmarital assets, the district court’s finding that
she is unable to pay her attorney fees is not clearly erroneous.
Based upon this record, all three statutory elements are satisfied. Respondent has
shown that when the parties were unable to settle their dispute, the fees were necessary for
the good faith assertion of her claims for child support and spousal maintenance, that
appellant will have the means to pay the fees out of his share of the proceeds from the sale
of the homestead, and that she did not have the means to pay the fees. The district
7 court did not abuse its discretion by awarding respondent $15,000 in need-based attorney
fees.
Affirmed.