FILED NOVEMBER 17, 2016 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In re the Marriage of: ) No. 33265-9-111 ) GARY WEIDINGER, ) ) Respondent, ) ) and ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) KAREN IRONS-WEIDINGER, ) ) Appellant. )
LAWRENCE-BERREY, A.CJ. - Karen Irons-Weidinger 1 appeals the trial court's
property distribution in her dissolution proceeding against Gary Weidinger. She contends
the trial court mischaracterized an individual retirement account (IRA) as Mr.
Weidinger's separate property, and failed to include a community debt in the property
division. She also contends the trial court erred in not awarding her more attorney fees.
Finding no error, we affirm.
1 We note that Ms. Irons-Weidinger prefers her name shortened to Ms. Irons. We therefore shorten her name throughout the remainder of this opinion. No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
FACTS
In 1998, the parties were married in Maryland. They subsequently moved to
Walla Walla, Washington. In 2013, Mr. Weidinger filed this petition for dissolution.
The parties did not separate, but remained living together for some time.
A. SEPIRA
Prior to the parties' marriage, Mr. Weidinger had a self-employment plan
individual retirement account (SEP IRA) and an IRA from his employment with National
Energy and Gas Transmission (NEGT IRA). Both accounts were awarded to him upon
the dissolution of his previous marriage, as shown by a divorce decree from Virginia.
Mr. Weidinger testified his last contribution to the SEP IRA was in 1989, when he closed
his company. In contrast, he testified community contributions were made to the NEGT
IRA. The parties agreed the NEGT IRA was community property.
All documents relating to the SEP IRA were lost or destroyed when the parties
moved from Maryland. Mr. Weidinger testified he rolled over the SEP IRA into a
Fidelity account, and he later rolled over that account into a Sun Trust account. Mr.
Weidinger admitted that tracing was not possible because of the lack of records. In
testifying that no community funds were placed into the SEP IRA, he explained that
commingling community funds with his earlier self-employment contributions would
have resulted in tax penalties.
Ms. Irons testified she had no knowledge of the SEP IRA. She testified she did
not know whether any community funds were placed into the SEP IRA during the
2 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
marriage. Ms. Irons' s accountant testified that he could not conduct a tracing analysis on
the SEP IRA because of the lack of documentation.
The trial court found Mr. Weidinger's testimony about the SEP IRA credible. The
finding was buttressed by Mr. Weidinger's admission that the NEGT IRA, although
initially separate, lost its separate character because of contributions to that IRA during
marriage. Relying on Mr. Weidinger's testimony and the documentation of the Virginia
divorce decree, the trial court awarded the SEP IRA to Mr. Weidinger as his separate
property. The trial court gave an alternative basis for awarding the SEP IRA to Mr.
Weidinger, stating, "[I]f I hadn't identified it as [his] separate property, I would
nevertheless make such an award [to him] as a fair and equitable allocation given the
circumstances that I just outlined." 4 Report of Proceedings at 41.
B. DEBT TO MS. IRONS'S SISTER
Ms. Irons testified the marital community owed her sister, Carol, $40,000. Carol
had lived with the parties for a number of years. To support her claim, Ms. Irons
submitted checks evidencing money the community received from Carol. Carol did not
testify.
During discovery, Ms. Irons claimed the debt to her sister was $32,000. Mr.
Weidinger testified he had no knowledge of the debt, but listed it in his pretrial schedules
as a $32,000 debt of the community.
The trial court found the $40,000 claim to be unsupported by the evidence.
"[W]hile there are checks that add up to that amount (Exhibit 114), none are marked as
3 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
'loans' and [Mr. Weidinger] had no knowledge of them, nor of any terms of repayment."
Clerk's Papers at 584. Accordingly, the court did not allocate the $40,000 as a debt to the
community.
C. ATTORNEY FEE A WARD
The trial court awarded Ms. Irons attorney fees, but capped the award at $7,500.
In rendering the capped award, the trial court noted that it awarded Ms. Irons a
disproportionate share of property. At a later hearing, the trial court noted that it was
confident both parties could pay their attorney fees from their assets.
Mr. Weidinger appealed the disproportionate property award. Ms. Irons cross-
appealed. Mr. W eidinger later abandoned his appeal.
ANALYSIS
Ms. Irons contends the trial court mischaracterized Mr. Weidinger's SEP IRA as
his separate property. She argues property in the possession of a married person is
presumed community property, and the strength of the presumption is stronger the longer
the marriage. She acknowledges circumstantial evidence exists to support the trial
court's finding that Mr. Weidinger was awarded the SEP IRA from his previous
dissolution. She argues Mr. Weidinger did not provide even one document to trace the
current SEP IRA awarded to him in this dissolution to the SEP IRA awarded to him in his
Virginia dissolution. She argues Mr. Weidinger's inability to provide any documentary
evidence is fatal to his claim that the current SEP IRA is his separate property.
4 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
1. Standard of review
A trial court's characterization of property as separate or community presents a
mixed question of law and fact. In re Marriage of Kile & Kendall, 186 Wn. App. 864,
876, 34 7 P.3d 894 (2015). "' The time of acquisition, the method of acquisition, and the
intent of the donor, for example, are questions for the trier of fact.'" Id. (quoting In re
Marriage of Martin, 32 Wn. App. 92, 94,645 P.2d 1148 (1982)). The question of
whether a rebuttable presumption of character is overcome is a question of fact. See id. at
881; In re Marriage of Mix, 14 Cal. 3d 604,612,536 P.2d 479, 122 Cal. Rptr. 79 (1975).
We review the factual findings supporting the trial court's characterization for substantial
evidence. Kile, 186 Wn. App. at 876. Substantial evidence is evidence sufficient to
persuade a fair-minded, rational person of the finding's truth. Miles v. Miles, 128 Wn.
App. 64, 69, 114 P.3d 671 (2005). The ultimate characterization of the property as
community or separate is a question of law that we review de novo. Kile, 186 Wn. App.
at 876.
2. Rules for characterizing property in the possession of a married person
"A presumption that an asset possessed by a married person is community
property may arise even though the particular time of acquisition has not been
established." Harry M. Cross, The Community Property Law (Revised 1985), 61 WASH.
L.
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FILED NOVEMBER 17, 2016 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In re the Marriage of: ) No. 33265-9-111 ) GARY WEIDINGER, ) ) Respondent, ) ) and ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) KAREN IRONS-WEIDINGER, ) ) Appellant. )
LAWRENCE-BERREY, A.CJ. - Karen Irons-Weidinger 1 appeals the trial court's
property distribution in her dissolution proceeding against Gary Weidinger. She contends
the trial court mischaracterized an individual retirement account (IRA) as Mr.
Weidinger's separate property, and failed to include a community debt in the property
division. She also contends the trial court erred in not awarding her more attorney fees.
Finding no error, we affirm.
1 We note that Ms. Irons-Weidinger prefers her name shortened to Ms. Irons. We therefore shorten her name throughout the remainder of this opinion. No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
FACTS
In 1998, the parties were married in Maryland. They subsequently moved to
Walla Walla, Washington. In 2013, Mr. Weidinger filed this petition for dissolution.
The parties did not separate, but remained living together for some time.
A. SEPIRA
Prior to the parties' marriage, Mr. Weidinger had a self-employment plan
individual retirement account (SEP IRA) and an IRA from his employment with National
Energy and Gas Transmission (NEGT IRA). Both accounts were awarded to him upon
the dissolution of his previous marriage, as shown by a divorce decree from Virginia.
Mr. Weidinger testified his last contribution to the SEP IRA was in 1989, when he closed
his company. In contrast, he testified community contributions were made to the NEGT
IRA. The parties agreed the NEGT IRA was community property.
All documents relating to the SEP IRA were lost or destroyed when the parties
moved from Maryland. Mr. Weidinger testified he rolled over the SEP IRA into a
Fidelity account, and he later rolled over that account into a Sun Trust account. Mr.
Weidinger admitted that tracing was not possible because of the lack of records. In
testifying that no community funds were placed into the SEP IRA, he explained that
commingling community funds with his earlier self-employment contributions would
have resulted in tax penalties.
Ms. Irons testified she had no knowledge of the SEP IRA. She testified she did
not know whether any community funds were placed into the SEP IRA during the
2 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
marriage. Ms. Irons' s accountant testified that he could not conduct a tracing analysis on
the SEP IRA because of the lack of documentation.
The trial court found Mr. Weidinger's testimony about the SEP IRA credible. The
finding was buttressed by Mr. Weidinger's admission that the NEGT IRA, although
initially separate, lost its separate character because of contributions to that IRA during
marriage. Relying on Mr. Weidinger's testimony and the documentation of the Virginia
divorce decree, the trial court awarded the SEP IRA to Mr. Weidinger as his separate
property. The trial court gave an alternative basis for awarding the SEP IRA to Mr.
Weidinger, stating, "[I]f I hadn't identified it as [his] separate property, I would
nevertheless make such an award [to him] as a fair and equitable allocation given the
circumstances that I just outlined." 4 Report of Proceedings at 41.
B. DEBT TO MS. IRONS'S SISTER
Ms. Irons testified the marital community owed her sister, Carol, $40,000. Carol
had lived with the parties for a number of years. To support her claim, Ms. Irons
submitted checks evidencing money the community received from Carol. Carol did not
testify.
During discovery, Ms. Irons claimed the debt to her sister was $32,000. Mr.
Weidinger testified he had no knowledge of the debt, but listed it in his pretrial schedules
as a $32,000 debt of the community.
The trial court found the $40,000 claim to be unsupported by the evidence.
"[W]hile there are checks that add up to that amount (Exhibit 114), none are marked as
3 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
'loans' and [Mr. Weidinger] had no knowledge of them, nor of any terms of repayment."
Clerk's Papers at 584. Accordingly, the court did not allocate the $40,000 as a debt to the
community.
C. ATTORNEY FEE A WARD
The trial court awarded Ms. Irons attorney fees, but capped the award at $7,500.
In rendering the capped award, the trial court noted that it awarded Ms. Irons a
disproportionate share of property. At a later hearing, the trial court noted that it was
confident both parties could pay their attorney fees from their assets.
Mr. Weidinger appealed the disproportionate property award. Ms. Irons cross-
appealed. Mr. W eidinger later abandoned his appeal.
ANALYSIS
Ms. Irons contends the trial court mischaracterized Mr. Weidinger's SEP IRA as
his separate property. She argues property in the possession of a married person is
presumed community property, and the strength of the presumption is stronger the longer
the marriage. She acknowledges circumstantial evidence exists to support the trial
court's finding that Mr. Weidinger was awarded the SEP IRA from his previous
dissolution. She argues Mr. Weidinger did not provide even one document to trace the
current SEP IRA awarded to him in this dissolution to the SEP IRA awarded to him in his
Virginia dissolution. She argues Mr. Weidinger's inability to provide any documentary
evidence is fatal to his claim that the current SEP IRA is his separate property.
4 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
1. Standard of review
A trial court's characterization of property as separate or community presents a
mixed question of law and fact. In re Marriage of Kile & Kendall, 186 Wn. App. 864,
876, 34 7 P.3d 894 (2015). "' The time of acquisition, the method of acquisition, and the
intent of the donor, for example, are questions for the trier of fact.'" Id. (quoting In re
Marriage of Martin, 32 Wn. App. 92, 94,645 P.2d 1148 (1982)). The question of
whether a rebuttable presumption of character is overcome is a question of fact. See id. at
881; In re Marriage of Mix, 14 Cal. 3d 604,612,536 P.2d 479, 122 Cal. Rptr. 79 (1975).
We review the factual findings supporting the trial court's characterization for substantial
evidence. Kile, 186 Wn. App. at 876. Substantial evidence is evidence sufficient to
persuade a fair-minded, rational person of the finding's truth. Miles v. Miles, 128 Wn.
App. 64, 69, 114 P.3d 671 (2005). The ultimate characterization of the property as
community or separate is a question of law that we review de novo. Kile, 186 Wn. App.
at 876.
2. Rules for characterizing property in the possession of a married person
"A presumption that an asset possessed by a married person is community
property may arise even though the particular time of acquisition has not been
established." Harry M. Cross, The Community Property Law (Revised 1985), 61 WASH.
L. REV. 13, 29 (1986) (citing State ex rel. Marshall v. Superior Court, 119 Wash. 631,
206 P. 362 (1922)).
5 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
Property in the possession of a married person is presumed to be community property until the contrary is shown; this presumption is not a very strong presumption and is one that may be easily overcome. Although the presumption will always yield to a preponderance of the evidence, the duration of the marriage may affect whether the trial court should apply it at all. As a general rule, the longer the duration of the marriage the more likely the court will assume that assets in the possession of the spouses are community.
In re Marriage of Schwarz, 192 Wn. App. 180, 189-90, 368 P.3d 173 (2016) (emphasis
I omitted) (citations omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted). "Once the separate
character of property is established, a presumption arises that it remained separate
property in the absence of sufficient evidence to show an intent to transmute the property
from separate to community property." In re Estate of Borghi, 167 Wn.2d 480, 484, 219
P.3d 932 (2009). The separate nature of the property will retain that character as long as
it can be traced or identified. In re Marriage ofPearson-Maines, 70 Wn. App. 860, 865,
855 P.2d 1210 (1993).
Here, the parties were married for over 16 years. The length of the marriage
warranted the trial court presuming that the SEP IRA was community property. Mr.
Weidinger identified the current SEP IRA as being comprised of the same SEP IRA
funds awarded to him in his previous divorce. He also testified he would have incurred a
tax penalty had he put any money in that SEP IRA that was not earned by his earlier self-
employment. The trial court found Mr. Weidinger's testimony credible. Credible
testimony can rebut a presumption. Here, the trial court did not err in characterizing the
6 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
SEP IRA as property acquired before marriage and thus Mr. Weidinger's separate
property.
Ms. Irons argues that self-serving testimony is insufficient to establish the current
SEP IRA is identical to the SEP IRA awarded to Mr. Weidinger in the Virginia
dissolution. She cites Bero! v. Bero!, 37 Wn.2d 380, 382, 223 P.2d 1055 (1950) and
Marriage of Schwarz, for her argument that Mr. Weidinger was required to provide
documentary tracing to support his testimony. We disagree.
Separate property can be acquired ( 1) before marriage, (2) during marriage by gift
or inheritance, (3) during marriage with the traceable proceeds of separate property, or, in
the case of earnings or accumulations, during permanent separation. Schwarz, 192 Wn.
App. at 188-89. As we explained in Schwarz, Berol's requirement for documentary
tracing applies only to the third situation described above, where one asserts property is
separate because it was acquired during marriage with the traceable proceeds of separate
property. Id. at 194. The rule in Bero! did not apply in Schwarz, nor does it apply here,
where the trial court found that the property was acquired before marriage.
B. COMMUNITY DEBT TO Ms. IRONS'S SISTER
Ms. Irons next assigns error to the trial court's finding that the marital community
did not owe $40,000 to her sister, Carol. Ms. Irons contends that evidence in the record
supports the existence of the loan, so the trial court's finding must be reversed.
7 No. 33265-9-111 In re Marriage of Weidinger
We do not reverse a trial court's findings of fact on appeal if they are supported by
substantial evidence. Miles, 128 Wn. App. at 69. Substantial evidence is evidence
sufficient to persuade a fair-minded, rational person of the finding's truth. Id.
Conflicting evidence on the record is not enough to warrant reversal. Henery v.
Robinson, 67 Wn. App. 277,289, 834 P.2d 1091 (1992).
The trial court noted that Carol never testified about the supposed loan, the checks
did not indicate they were loans, there was no evidence of how the amounts would be
repaid, and Mr. Weidinger had no knowledge of the supposed loan. These concerns are
sufficient for a fair-minded, rational person to question whether the checks represented
loans or something else, such as payments for rent, food, or utilities. Although some
evidence conflicted with the trial court's finding, such a conflict is insufficient to warrant
reversal.
C. ATTORNEY FEE A WARD AT TRIAL
Ms. Irons contends the trial court abused its discretion when awarding her only
$7,500, or roughly a quarter of the attorney fees she incurred.
RCW 26.09.140 gives trial courts discretion to award reasonable attorney fees and
costs in a dissolution proceeding, balancing the requesting spouse's needs with the other
spouse's ability to pay. See Kruger v. Kruger, 37 Wn. App. 329, 333, 679 P.2d 961
(1984). We will reverse such an award only if the trial court abused its discretion. In re
Marriage of Buchanan, 150 Wn. App. 730,737,207 P.3d 478 (2009).
8 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage ofWeidinger
The trial court found that Mr. Weidinger had the ability to pay, and Ms. Irons had
sufficient need. The trial court also found that Ms. Irons incurred reasonable attorney
fees and costs in the amount of $16,747.67. 2 Ms. Irons does not assign error to this
finding.
Posttrial, the parties argued various motions, partly because of Mr. Weidinger's
loss of his job. At the time, Mr. Weidinger was 66 years old. Because of Mr.
Weidinger's loss of monthly income, the trial court ordered a $150,000 disproportionate
property award in favor of Ms. Irons in lieu of its previous orally ordered spousal
maintenance for four years. 3 After the disproportionate award, the trial court commented
it believed the parties had the ability to pay their own attorney fees. Considering Mr.
Weidinger's recent loss of employment and being near retirement age, we find the trial
court did not abuse its discretion when it awarded Ms. Irons roughly one-half of her
reasonable attorney fees.
D. ATTORNEY FEES AND COSTS ON APPEAL
Each party requests an award of reasonable attorney fees and costs on appeal
pursuant to RCW 26.09.140. Both parties complied with RAP 18.l(c), which requires a
2 We infer that these fees and costs do not include Ms. Irons's expert's fees of $12,046 of which the trial court ordered Mr. Weidinger to pay one-half. 3 Mr. Weidinger was ordered to pay $150,000 plus an equalization amount, totaling approximately $245,000, together with interest at five percent per annum beginning April 1, 2015. The order further required Mr. Weidinger to pay interest only payments no less than quarterly, and set a December 31, 2017 deadline for the home to be sold, after which date the home would be sold immediately under court supervision.
9 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
declaration of financial need to be served and filed no later than 10 days before their
appeal is set for consideration.
RCW 26.09.140 gives this court discretion to award attorney fees and costs, in
addition to statutory costs. This court considers both parties' current financial needs and
abilities to pay, as well as the merits of the appeal. In re Marriage of Kim, 179 Wn. App.
232,256,317 P.3d 555, review denied, 180 Wn.2d 1012, 325 P.3d 914 (2014).
The parties' financial declarations show they both have monthly expenses that
greatly exceed their monthly incomes. Ms. Irons has a monthly deficit of roughly
$4,000; while Mr. Weidinger has a monthly deficit of roughly $11,000. The property
award shows both parties have substantial assets, although most assets are in retirement
accounts or are otherwise nonliquid. Mr. Weidinger has over $30,000 in liquid assets,
but those assets are likely necessary to pay his monthly deficit until the house is sold and
proceeds disbursed.
We conclude neither party has the ability to pay the other party's reasonable
attorney fees and costs. We therefore decline each party's request for reasonable attorney
fees and costs under RCW 26.09.140. As the prevailing party, and subject to RAP 14.4,
Mr. Weidinger is entitled to statutory costs.
10 No. 33265-9-III In re Marriage of Weidinger
Affirmed.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Lawrence-Berrey, A.CJ. j WE CONCUR:
dl- •,9 # ~~ oway,J. ~ ft .'. Pennell, J.