FILED APRIL 3, 2018 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of ) No. 34668-4-III ) CAMILLA R. EKSTROM ) ) Respondent, ) ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION and ) ) TODD A. EKSTROM, ) ) Appellant. )
PENNELL, A.C.J. — Todd Ekstrom appeals a trial court order modifying his
children’s residential schedule and awarding attorney fees and retroactive child support to
Camilla Ekstrom (n/k/a Camilla Heath). We affirm the trial court’s order of modification,
but reverse the award of fees and retroactive support. No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
FACTS
As part of a 2010 marital dissolution order, a parenting plan was adopted and
approved for the parties’ children. Under the plan, the children primarily reside with Ms.
Heath, but each parent has significant residential time. Of significance to this appeal, the
parenting plan provided Mr. Ekstrom one overnight visit with his children during each
week of the school year (4:30 p.m. on Wednesday until 7:00 a.m. on Thursday).
In 2013, a temporary order was entered, reducing Mr. Ekstrom’s child support
obligation due to unemployment. The order contains a provision requiring that Mr.
Ekstrom give notice to Ms. Health of any change in his employment status. It states,
“Father shall provide notice of employment [within] 48 hours.” Clerk’s Papers (CP)
at 74. No further explanation is provided.
In 2016, Ms. Heath filed a motion to determine child support and make
adjustments to the parenting plan. In her motion, Ms. Heath made two requests that are
pertinent to this appeal. First, she requested the court terminate Mr. Ekstrom’s
Wednesday overnight visits. In her supporting declaration, Ms. Heath explained the
children were often tired, their performance in school was suffering because of the long
2 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
drive from Mr. Ekstrom’s residence 1 to their school, and the overnight time interfered
with the children’s participation in extracurricular activities. Second, Ms. Heath
requested a retroactive award of increased child support benefits because Mr. Ekstrom
failed to advise her that he had obtained employment. Ms. Heath acknowledged Mr.
Ekstrom had claimed to have provided her oral notice within 48 hours. However, Ms.
Heath disputed the veracity of this claim and also argued verbal notice was inadequate to
comply with the terms of the court’s temporary order. 2
On May 3, 2016, the trial court held an initial hearing on Ms. Heath’s motion.
After hearing from the parties, the court determined it would treat the motion as a petition
for minor modification and that there was adequate cause to proceed with a full hearing
on the petition. The court then set the matter over to deal with what changes should be
made, including the issue of Wednesday overnights. The court indicated that changing
Wednesday overnight visits would only constitute a minor modification, but that if Mr.
1 Mr. Ekstrom claimed throughout these proceedings he resided in Davenport, but Ms. Heath argued he primarily lived in Spokane and had the boys there for overnights. The distance from Mr. Ekstrom’s home in Spokane to the boys’ school is 59 miles, and the distance from Mr. Ekstrom’s work address is 67 miles. 2 According to Mr. Ekstrom, he obtained new employment on June 2, 2014, and provided an oral advisement to Ms. Heath on June 4, 2014. Ms. Heath does not deny being aware of Mr. Ekstrom’s employment for a substantial period of time. However, she disputes Mr. Ekstrom’s claim that he orally advised her of his employment.
3 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
Ekstrom disagreed he could bring the matter up with the court. The case was then
scheduled for further proceedings on June 1, 2016.
Prior to the June 1 hearing, the parties submitted additional written documentation.
Nothing was submitted with respect to the Wednesday overnights. Nor did Mr. Ekstrom
file any paperwork requesting that the court consider the matter as a petition for major
modification.
At the June 1 hearing, Ms. Heath’s attorney orally addressed the issue of
eliminating Wednesday overnight visits. Mr. Ekstrom’s attorney objected, claiming that
the court had previously made “very clear” it was “not going to be addressing the
Wednesday nights” at the June 1 hearing because the court had agreed only to consider
minor modifications. CP at 547. The trial court disagreed with counsel’s understanding
of the record. Although the court maintained it was only considering a minor
modification, this context did not prohibit altering the Wednesday overnight schedule.
The court ultimately took the matter under advisement.
In a memorandum opinion, the trial court stated minor modifications to the
residential schedule were permitted under RCW 26.09.260(5)(a) and (b). The trial court
accepted Ms. Heath’s representations that Mr. Ekstrom’s primary residence was in
Spokane and that it was not feasible for the boys to travel back and forth from Mr.
4 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
Ekstrom’s residence on school nights. Based on this change in circumstances, the court
eliminated Wednesday overnight visits during the school year, which was estimated to
constitute approximately 36 overnights. The court wrote that the loss of overnights would
be offset by additional time in the summer months and spring break.
In addition to addressing the residential modifications, the trial court also ruled
Mr. Ekstrom had not provided Ms. Health adequate notice of his new employment.
According to the court, an oral advisement was “insufficient.” CP at 403. Based on
Mr. Ekstrom’s failure to provide adequate notice of his change in employment, the court
awarded Ms. Heath $500 in attorney fees and approximately five months of retroactive
child support.
Mr. Ekstrom appeals.
ANALYSIS
Modification of residential plan
Modification of a parenting plan is statutorily prescribed by RCW 26.09.260.
A parent seeking modification must meet specific evidentiary hurdles. For a minor
modification that does not change a child’s primary residence, the parent must show a
substantial change of circumstances and that modification is in the child’s best interests.
RCW 26.09.260(1), (5). In addition, the minor modification must meet at least one of the
5 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
following three criteria: (a) the requested residential changes would not exceed 24 full
days in a calendar year, (b) the current plan is impractical because of a change in
residence by the non-primary parent or an involuntary change in work schedule by either
parent, or (c) (subject to additional restrictions) the current schedule does not provide
reasonable time with the non-primary parent. RCW 26.09.260(5). A modification
request that does not qualify as minor is deemed a “major modification” and additional
evidentiary hurdles are required.
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FILED APRIL 3, 2018 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of ) No. 34668-4-III ) CAMILLA R. EKSTROM ) ) Respondent, ) ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION and ) ) TODD A. EKSTROM, ) ) Appellant. )
PENNELL, A.C.J. — Todd Ekstrom appeals a trial court order modifying his
children’s residential schedule and awarding attorney fees and retroactive child support to
Camilla Ekstrom (n/k/a Camilla Heath). We affirm the trial court’s order of modification,
but reverse the award of fees and retroactive support. No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
FACTS
As part of a 2010 marital dissolution order, a parenting plan was adopted and
approved for the parties’ children. Under the plan, the children primarily reside with Ms.
Heath, but each parent has significant residential time. Of significance to this appeal, the
parenting plan provided Mr. Ekstrom one overnight visit with his children during each
week of the school year (4:30 p.m. on Wednesday until 7:00 a.m. on Thursday).
In 2013, a temporary order was entered, reducing Mr. Ekstrom’s child support
obligation due to unemployment. The order contains a provision requiring that Mr.
Ekstrom give notice to Ms. Health of any change in his employment status. It states,
“Father shall provide notice of employment [within] 48 hours.” Clerk’s Papers (CP)
at 74. No further explanation is provided.
In 2016, Ms. Heath filed a motion to determine child support and make
adjustments to the parenting plan. In her motion, Ms. Heath made two requests that are
pertinent to this appeal. First, she requested the court terminate Mr. Ekstrom’s
Wednesday overnight visits. In her supporting declaration, Ms. Heath explained the
children were often tired, their performance in school was suffering because of the long
2 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
drive from Mr. Ekstrom’s residence 1 to their school, and the overnight time interfered
with the children’s participation in extracurricular activities. Second, Ms. Heath
requested a retroactive award of increased child support benefits because Mr. Ekstrom
failed to advise her that he had obtained employment. Ms. Heath acknowledged Mr.
Ekstrom had claimed to have provided her oral notice within 48 hours. However, Ms.
Heath disputed the veracity of this claim and also argued verbal notice was inadequate to
comply with the terms of the court’s temporary order. 2
On May 3, 2016, the trial court held an initial hearing on Ms. Heath’s motion.
After hearing from the parties, the court determined it would treat the motion as a petition
for minor modification and that there was adequate cause to proceed with a full hearing
on the petition. The court then set the matter over to deal with what changes should be
made, including the issue of Wednesday overnights. The court indicated that changing
Wednesday overnight visits would only constitute a minor modification, but that if Mr.
1 Mr. Ekstrom claimed throughout these proceedings he resided in Davenport, but Ms. Heath argued he primarily lived in Spokane and had the boys there for overnights. The distance from Mr. Ekstrom’s home in Spokane to the boys’ school is 59 miles, and the distance from Mr. Ekstrom’s work address is 67 miles. 2 According to Mr. Ekstrom, he obtained new employment on June 2, 2014, and provided an oral advisement to Ms. Heath on June 4, 2014. Ms. Heath does not deny being aware of Mr. Ekstrom’s employment for a substantial period of time. However, she disputes Mr. Ekstrom’s claim that he orally advised her of his employment.
3 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
Ekstrom disagreed he could bring the matter up with the court. The case was then
scheduled for further proceedings on June 1, 2016.
Prior to the June 1 hearing, the parties submitted additional written documentation.
Nothing was submitted with respect to the Wednesday overnights. Nor did Mr. Ekstrom
file any paperwork requesting that the court consider the matter as a petition for major
modification.
At the June 1 hearing, Ms. Heath’s attorney orally addressed the issue of
eliminating Wednesday overnight visits. Mr. Ekstrom’s attorney objected, claiming that
the court had previously made “very clear” it was “not going to be addressing the
Wednesday nights” at the June 1 hearing because the court had agreed only to consider
minor modifications. CP at 547. The trial court disagreed with counsel’s understanding
of the record. Although the court maintained it was only considering a minor
modification, this context did not prohibit altering the Wednesday overnight schedule.
The court ultimately took the matter under advisement.
In a memorandum opinion, the trial court stated minor modifications to the
residential schedule were permitted under RCW 26.09.260(5)(a) and (b). The trial court
accepted Ms. Heath’s representations that Mr. Ekstrom’s primary residence was in
Spokane and that it was not feasible for the boys to travel back and forth from Mr.
4 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
Ekstrom’s residence on school nights. Based on this change in circumstances, the court
eliminated Wednesday overnight visits during the school year, which was estimated to
constitute approximately 36 overnights. The court wrote that the loss of overnights would
be offset by additional time in the summer months and spring break.
In addition to addressing the residential modifications, the trial court also ruled
Mr. Ekstrom had not provided Ms. Health adequate notice of his new employment.
According to the court, an oral advisement was “insufficient.” CP at 403. Based on
Mr. Ekstrom’s failure to provide adequate notice of his change in employment, the court
awarded Ms. Heath $500 in attorney fees and approximately five months of retroactive
child support.
Mr. Ekstrom appeals.
ANALYSIS
Modification of residential plan
Modification of a parenting plan is statutorily prescribed by RCW 26.09.260.
A parent seeking modification must meet specific evidentiary hurdles. For a minor
modification that does not change a child’s primary residence, the parent must show a
substantial change of circumstances and that modification is in the child’s best interests.
RCW 26.09.260(1), (5). In addition, the minor modification must meet at least one of the
5 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
following three criteria: (a) the requested residential changes would not exceed 24 full
days in a calendar year, (b) the current plan is impractical because of a change in
residence by the non-primary parent or an involuntary change in work schedule by either
parent, or (c) (subject to additional restrictions) the current schedule does not provide
reasonable time with the non-primary parent. RCW 26.09.260(5). A modification
request that does not qualify as minor is deemed a “major modification” and additional
evidentiary hurdles are required. RCW 26.09.260(2).
Viewed under the abuse of discretion standard, In re Marriage of Hansen, 81 Wn.
App. 494, 498, 914 P.2d 799 (1996), we find no error in the trial court’s minor
modification order. The facts submitted by Ms. Heath indicated Mr. Ekstrom’s change in
residence from Davenport to Spokane was an unanticipated circumstance that had a
negative impact on the children’s well-being. This information, alone, warranted a minor
modification under RCW 26.09.260(5)(b). It was therefore unnecessary to limit the
overall change in residential schedule to 24 full days per year. RCW 26.09.260(5)(a).
Although the court was not required to limit the overall change in residential
schedule, it did so out of fairness to Mr. Ekstrom. Because the court eliminated
Wednesday overnights during the school year, Mr. Ekstrom’s annual time with his
6 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
children was reduced by 21.75 days. 3 This period (which is already less than the 24-day
minor modification threshold) was offset by additional time granted to Mr. Ekstrom
during spring break and the summer. 4 Accordingly, even though the trial court did not
need to confine its order to the 24-day limit specified by RCW 26.09.260(5)(a), it did so
anyway. A minor modification was justified under RCW 26.09.260(5)(a) and (b).
Because elimination of Wednesday overnights constituted only a minor
modification of the parenting plan, the trial court was authorized to proceed with the
modification based on its May 1, 2016, adequate cause determination. RCW 26.09.270.
No further proceedings were required by either statute or due process.
Retroactive award of child support and $500 in attorney fees
A trial court’s decision on modification of child support is reviewed for abuse of
discretion, as is a trial court’s decision for an award of attorney fees. In re Marriage of
3 The modified order eliminated Mr. Ekstrom’s Wednesday overnight visits during the school year. Each visit from 4:30 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. totaled 14.5 hours. In Washington, a school year generally comprises 180 days. RCW 28A.150.203, .220. This translates to 36 five-day weeks. The number of 24-hour days lost by eliminating 36 of Mr. Ekstrom’s 14.5-hour visits is 21.75 ((36 x 14.5) ÷ 24 = 21.75). 4 The trial court added 2.5 days per year to Mr. Ekstrom’s schedule during spring break. The court also indicated the changes to the summer schedule resulted in a net benefit to Mr. Ekstrom. However, given the lack of specifics regarding summer calendars in the record, we are unable to calculate the exact number of days gained by Mr. Ekstrom.
7 No. 34668-4-III In re Marriage of Ekstrom
Mattson, 95 Wn. App. 592, 602, 976 P.2d 157 (1999) (child support); In re Marriage of
Crosetto, 82 Wn. App. 545, 563, 918 P.2d 954 (1996) (attorney fees).
Mr. Ekstrom argues the trial court abused its discretion in making the modified
child support amount retroactive to January 1, 2016, rather than prospectively from the
date of the decision (June 9, 2016). He asserts that no evidence in the record justifies
such a decision, and he fully complied with the 2013 order to notify Ms. Heath of new
employment. Mr. Ekstrom relies on the same argument to attack the award of attorney
fees, asserting Ms. Heath did not have to subpoena his financial records, and he should
not have to pay for action that was unnecessary.
Mr. Ekstrom’s position is persuasive. The trial court’s order regarding fees and
retroactive child support was based solely on Mr. Ekstrom’s purported violation of the
2013 support order. 5 But that order did not require Mr. Ekstrom to provide written, as
opposed to oral, notice of a change in employment. Written notice may have been
preferable, and it may have protected Mr. Ekstrom from later claims of misconduct, but it
was not required by the plain terms of the court’s order. Mr. Ekstrom should not have
been penalized for violating the expectations set by the 2013 order when those
5 Contrary to Ms. Heath’s representations, the trial court did not otherwise find Mr. Ekstrom had been intransigent.
8 No. 34668-4-111 In re Marriage ofEkstrom
expectations were not reduced to writing. Accordingly, the trial court abused its
discretion in holding Mr. Ekstrom violated the terms of the 2013 order by merely
providing Ms. Heath oral notification of his change in employment.
CONCLUSION
We affirm the modification of the residential schedule but remand to strike the
$500 attorney fee award and to change the modified child support start date to June 9,
2016. Because the parties have each prevailed on an issue on appeal, we decline to award
fees or costs to any party.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Pennell, A.C.J. WE CONCUR:
Fearing, J. ·