MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Oct 30 2018, 6:19 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the CLERK Indiana Supreme Court purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, Court of Appeals and Tax Court collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: Ernest P. Galos Curtis T. Hill, Jr. South Bend, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Patricia C. McMath Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In Re the Involuntary October 30, 2018 Commitment of: Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-MH-1114 M.L., Appeal from the St. Joseph Appellant-Respondent, Superior Court v. The Hon. Steven L. Hostetler, Judge Oaklawn OSJ, Trial Court Cause No. 71D07-1602-MH-100 Appellee-Petitioner.
Bradford, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 1 of 8 Case Summary [1] M.L. appeals from the trial court’s order that his involuntary commitment to
Oaklawn OSJ be continued. M.L. contends that Oaklawn has produced
insufficient evidence to support a conclusion that he is dangerous to himself or
others. Because we disagree, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] M.L. has a lengthy history of hospitalizations for mental illness. Most recently,
M.L. was involuntarily committed under a regular commitment on February
29, 2016, following an emergency detention on February 17, 2016. The
emergency detention was sought because M.L. was threatening to kill his
landlord after M.L. was evicted. The trial court found M.L. to be suffering
from a psychiatric disorder, which is a mental illness, and that M.L. was
dangerous to others. On March 3, 2016, the trial court amended the order to
allow for outpatient treatment at Oaklawn.
[3] On January 27, 2017, the regular commitment was continued without a
hearing. On September 20, 2017, Dr. Manana Gegeshidze, M.L.’s treating
psychiatrist at Oaklawn since 2016, filed an application for transportation and
detention, requesting M.L. be taken to Memorial Epworth Hospital because he
was paranoid and delusional, had threatened to harm or kill neighbors, had
shoved a neighbor, and had been observed several times carrying a butcher’s
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 2 of 8 knife around his apartment complex. That day, the trial court ordered M.L.
transported and admitted to Epworth.
[4] As of February 28, 2018, M.L. had been released back to outpatient treatment
at Oaklawn. A report issued on that day indicated that M.L. continued to have
paranoid and delusional thoughts towards others and would not comply with
treatment unless subject to a commitment. On March 1, 2018, M.L.’s regular
commitment was continued on an outpatient basis without a hearing. On
March 26, 2018, M.L. requested a review or dismissal of his commitment, and
a hearing was held on April 9, 2018.
[5] Dr. Gegeshidze testified at the hearing that M.L. suffers from chronic
schizophrenia, auditory hallucinations, and somatic hallucinations, which
include his belief that he has chips inserted in his thumbs, is pregnant, has
babies, and is being controlled by outside forces. M.L. has experienced at least
one catatonic episode. When Dr. Gegeshidze began treating M.L., he had
incoherent speech, inappropriate affect and behavior, persecutory delusions,
and psychotic behavior. Although his symptoms have improved while he has
been in outpatient treatment pursuant to his commitment, he continues to be
delusional. M.L.’s delusions include that he is being controlled by the CIA, the
mafia, and aliens. M.L. believes that aliens have put a uterus in his stomach to
grow alien babies.
[6] M.L. interjected during his counsel’s cross-examination of Dr. Gegeshidze to
tell the trial court,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 3 of 8 I only know what they tell me, Judge Hostetler. They tell me I’m in the mafia, they tell me I’m in the CIA, they tell me I’m a single soldier in the 21st century, a combat infantry soldier, and if I want to live and survive and live a normal life then I’ve got to go through this treatment. So I go through this treatment with the faith and belief in the CIA and the Department of Defense and the aliens and the mafia that everything is going to work out okay. Whether they will or not, I don’t know. I’ve been doing this since I was 18 years old and they did not spoon feed me, they dragged me along and they told me what I needed to know at each stop. Get me further and further. They literally brainwashed me little by little along the way the last 35, 40 year[s]. I did not come to this information until 2016, and if you want to read it, here it is. You should take a look at this right here. I did not have this information until 2016–2017, sir.
Tr. Vol. II pp. 28–29. In response to the trial court asking who “they” are,
M.L. said,
The CIA and the mafia and the aliens who operated on me, pulling surgeries. I 15, 16 [sic] disabilities. I lost every function or part of my body except my liver and spoon [sic]. Everything else is gone. I’m artificial. I’m a dead man walking. My veins, my heart, my lungs, my brain. My brain is computerized. My feet, my ankle, my hand.
Tr. Vol. II p. 29.
[7] The trial court also heard evidence relating to M.L.’s history of violence,
including evidence that it dates back to at least 1994, when he committed an
assault resulting in serious injury. In 2001, while admitted to the Federal
Medical Center in Rochester, Minnesota, M.L. twice again assaulted people
and seriously injured them. On three separate occasions, M.L. has threatened
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 4 of 8 others with bodily harm. In November, 2017, M.L. was readmitted to the
hospital for inpatient care because he threatened his neighbor. Most recently,
in March, 2018, M.L. threatened to kill his neighbor, this time talking about
obtaining a gun. M.L. told Dr. Gegeshidze that he was a very violent man, he
has harmed other people, is going to harm others, and is going to kill others.
Dr. Gegeshidze testified that she saw a difference in M.L. at this point because
he was talking about getting a gun. Dr. Gegeshidze opined that M.L. is a “very
dangerous man” and that commitment was still necessary because of M.L.’s
noncompliance with his anti-psychotic medication protocols and his history of
violence. Tr. Vol. II p. 16.
[8] M.L. acknowledged at the hearing that he threatened to kill his neighbor
because she “is pushing me to the limit.” Tr. Vol. II p. 32. He also testified
that he wanted the commitment vacated because he does not think “Oaklawn
should have that much power or authority to delegate me to Evansville or
Richmond without due process of the law.” Tr. Vol. II p. 32. Following the
hearing, the trial court ordered that M.L.’s commitment to Oaklawn be
continued for a period to exceed ninety days. The trial court found that M.L.
suffers from a mental illness pursuant to Indiana Code section 12-7-2-130 and
poses a danger to others pursuant to Indiana Code section 12-7-2-53.
Discussion and Decision [9] M.L. contends that Oaklawn produced insufficient evidence to sustain the
continuation of his involuntary commitment. The petitioner in a mental health
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MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Oct 30 2018, 6:19 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the CLERK Indiana Supreme Court purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, Court of Appeals and Tax Court collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: Ernest P. Galos Curtis T. Hill, Jr. South Bend, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Patricia C. McMath Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In Re the Involuntary October 30, 2018 Commitment of: Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-MH-1114 M.L., Appeal from the St. Joseph Appellant-Respondent, Superior Court v. The Hon. Steven L. Hostetler, Judge Oaklawn OSJ, Trial Court Cause No. 71D07-1602-MH-100 Appellee-Petitioner.
Bradford, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 1 of 8 Case Summary [1] M.L. appeals from the trial court’s order that his involuntary commitment to
Oaklawn OSJ be continued. M.L. contends that Oaklawn has produced
insufficient evidence to support a conclusion that he is dangerous to himself or
others. Because we disagree, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] M.L. has a lengthy history of hospitalizations for mental illness. Most recently,
M.L. was involuntarily committed under a regular commitment on February
29, 2016, following an emergency detention on February 17, 2016. The
emergency detention was sought because M.L. was threatening to kill his
landlord after M.L. was evicted. The trial court found M.L. to be suffering
from a psychiatric disorder, which is a mental illness, and that M.L. was
dangerous to others. On March 3, 2016, the trial court amended the order to
allow for outpatient treatment at Oaklawn.
[3] On January 27, 2017, the regular commitment was continued without a
hearing. On September 20, 2017, Dr. Manana Gegeshidze, M.L.’s treating
psychiatrist at Oaklawn since 2016, filed an application for transportation and
detention, requesting M.L. be taken to Memorial Epworth Hospital because he
was paranoid and delusional, had threatened to harm or kill neighbors, had
shoved a neighbor, and had been observed several times carrying a butcher’s
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 2 of 8 knife around his apartment complex. That day, the trial court ordered M.L.
transported and admitted to Epworth.
[4] As of February 28, 2018, M.L. had been released back to outpatient treatment
at Oaklawn. A report issued on that day indicated that M.L. continued to have
paranoid and delusional thoughts towards others and would not comply with
treatment unless subject to a commitment. On March 1, 2018, M.L.’s regular
commitment was continued on an outpatient basis without a hearing. On
March 26, 2018, M.L. requested a review or dismissal of his commitment, and
a hearing was held on April 9, 2018.
[5] Dr. Gegeshidze testified at the hearing that M.L. suffers from chronic
schizophrenia, auditory hallucinations, and somatic hallucinations, which
include his belief that he has chips inserted in his thumbs, is pregnant, has
babies, and is being controlled by outside forces. M.L. has experienced at least
one catatonic episode. When Dr. Gegeshidze began treating M.L., he had
incoherent speech, inappropriate affect and behavior, persecutory delusions,
and psychotic behavior. Although his symptoms have improved while he has
been in outpatient treatment pursuant to his commitment, he continues to be
delusional. M.L.’s delusions include that he is being controlled by the CIA, the
mafia, and aliens. M.L. believes that aliens have put a uterus in his stomach to
grow alien babies.
[6] M.L. interjected during his counsel’s cross-examination of Dr. Gegeshidze to
tell the trial court,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 3 of 8 I only know what they tell me, Judge Hostetler. They tell me I’m in the mafia, they tell me I’m in the CIA, they tell me I’m a single soldier in the 21st century, a combat infantry soldier, and if I want to live and survive and live a normal life then I’ve got to go through this treatment. So I go through this treatment with the faith and belief in the CIA and the Department of Defense and the aliens and the mafia that everything is going to work out okay. Whether they will or not, I don’t know. I’ve been doing this since I was 18 years old and they did not spoon feed me, they dragged me along and they told me what I needed to know at each stop. Get me further and further. They literally brainwashed me little by little along the way the last 35, 40 year[s]. I did not come to this information until 2016, and if you want to read it, here it is. You should take a look at this right here. I did not have this information until 2016–2017, sir.
Tr. Vol. II pp. 28–29. In response to the trial court asking who “they” are,
M.L. said,
The CIA and the mafia and the aliens who operated on me, pulling surgeries. I 15, 16 [sic] disabilities. I lost every function or part of my body except my liver and spoon [sic]. Everything else is gone. I’m artificial. I’m a dead man walking. My veins, my heart, my lungs, my brain. My brain is computerized. My feet, my ankle, my hand.
Tr. Vol. II p. 29.
[7] The trial court also heard evidence relating to M.L.’s history of violence,
including evidence that it dates back to at least 1994, when he committed an
assault resulting in serious injury. In 2001, while admitted to the Federal
Medical Center in Rochester, Minnesota, M.L. twice again assaulted people
and seriously injured them. On three separate occasions, M.L. has threatened
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 4 of 8 others with bodily harm. In November, 2017, M.L. was readmitted to the
hospital for inpatient care because he threatened his neighbor. Most recently,
in March, 2018, M.L. threatened to kill his neighbor, this time talking about
obtaining a gun. M.L. told Dr. Gegeshidze that he was a very violent man, he
has harmed other people, is going to harm others, and is going to kill others.
Dr. Gegeshidze testified that she saw a difference in M.L. at this point because
he was talking about getting a gun. Dr. Gegeshidze opined that M.L. is a “very
dangerous man” and that commitment was still necessary because of M.L.’s
noncompliance with his anti-psychotic medication protocols and his history of
violence. Tr. Vol. II p. 16.
[8] M.L. acknowledged at the hearing that he threatened to kill his neighbor
because she “is pushing me to the limit.” Tr. Vol. II p. 32. He also testified
that he wanted the commitment vacated because he does not think “Oaklawn
should have that much power or authority to delegate me to Evansville or
Richmond without due process of the law.” Tr. Vol. II p. 32. Following the
hearing, the trial court ordered that M.L.’s commitment to Oaklawn be
continued for a period to exceed ninety days. The trial court found that M.L.
suffers from a mental illness pursuant to Indiana Code section 12-7-2-130 and
poses a danger to others pursuant to Indiana Code section 12-7-2-53.
Discussion and Decision [9] M.L. contends that Oaklawn produced insufficient evidence to sustain the
continuation of his involuntary commitment. The petitioner in a mental health
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 5 of 8 commitment proceeding must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the
person is mentally ill and either dangerous or gravely disabled and that
detention or commitment of the person is appropriate. Ind. Code § 12-26-2-
5(e). When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we will affirm if,
“‘considering only the probative evidence and the reasonable inferences
supporting it, without weighing evidence or assessing witness credibility, a
reasonable trier of fact could find [the necessary elements] proven by clear and
convincing evidence.’” Civil Comm’t of T.K. v. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, 27
N.E.3d 271, 273 (Ind. 2015) (quoting Bud Wolf Chevrolet, Inc. v. Robertson, 519
N.E.2d 135, 137 (Ind. 1988)). We look to the evidence most favorable to the
trial court’s decision and draw all reasonable inferences therefrom. R.P. v.
Optional Behavior MHS, 26 N.E.3d 1032, 1035 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015).
[10] M.L. does not dispute that he is mentally ill but contends that Oaklawn
produced insufficient evidence to sustain the trial court’s finding that he poses a
danger to others. “Dangerous” is defined by Indiana Code section 12-7-2-53 as
“a condition in which an individual as a result of mental illness, presents a
substantial risk that the individual will harm the individual or others.” The trial
court need not wait until a person commits a physical act or actually harms
someone before it can determine he poses a substantial risk of harm to others.
See, e.g., Civil Comm’t of J.B. v. Cmty Hosp. N., 88 N.E.3d 792, 796 (Ind. Ct. App.
2017) (concluding that the trial court is not required to wait until harm has
nearly or actually occurred before determining that an individual poses a
substantial risk of harm to others).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 6 of 8 [11] With this in mind, we conclude that ample evidence supports the trial court’s
conclusion that M.L. is dangerous. Oaklawn presented evidence that M.L. has
a history of violence dating back to at least 1994 that includes physical assaults
in 2001 that left two persons with serious injuries. M.L.’s more recent history
includes threatening to kill his landlord in 2016 and threatening behavior
toward his neighbor which has continued and intensified—M.L. has threatened
to kill his neighbor and has spoken of obtaining a firearm to accomplish the
homicide. Dr. Gegeshidze opined that M.L. was very dangerous and testified
that “in psychiatry the predictor of future violence is history of previous
violence and he has a long history of being violent.” Tr. Vol. II p. 21. Dr.
Gegeshidze also testified that “[if M.L.] quits taking his medications, he would
be [a danger to others], and I believe that.” Tr. Vol. II p. 21. Finally, Dr.
Gegeshidze opined that M.L. is only compliant with his medications because
he is committed, further bolstering a conclusion that commitment is needed. In
summary, Oaklawn produced sufficient evidence to support a conclusion that
M.L. posed a substantial risk of harm to others, warranting his continued
commitment. M.L. points to evidence that Dr. Gegeshidze may not have
believed that he would actually harm another person and argues that his acts of
actual violence against others are not sufficiently serious or recent to establish
that he is dangerous. M.L.’s argument is nothing more than an invitation to
reweigh the evidence, which we will not do. See Civil Comm’t of T.K., 27 N.E.3d
at 274.
[12] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 7 of 8 Bailey, J., and Mathias, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-MH-1114 | October 30, 2018 Page 8 of 8