FIFTH DIVISION RICKMAN, C. J., MCFADDEN, P. J., and SENIOR APPELLATE JUDGE PHIPPS
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. https://www.gaappeals.us/rules
February 16, 2022
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A21A1435. IN RE ESTATE OF CURVAN.
RICKMAN, Chief Judge.
Cheryl Martina Curvan, Charmaine Curvan-Lawes, and Randolph Andrew
Curvan (“Caveators”) appeal the probate court’s order granting summary judgment
to Sharon Renee Lavant (“Petitioner”) and admitting to probate in solemn form the
July 31, 2019 Last Will and Testament of Randolph Benedict Curvan (the “Will”).1
Caveators contend that the probate court erred in granting summary judgment because
Petitioner submitted contradictory evidence, a genuine issue of material fact remains
as to whether the Will was validly executed, and the dispositive scheme is void
1 At the time of his death, Randolph Benedict Curvan was married to but separated from Cheryl Martina Curvan, had two adult children, Charmaine Curvan- Lawes and Randolph Andrew Curvan, and was living with Sharon Renee Lavant. because Petitioner was a witness to and a beneficiary of the Will. For the reasons that
follow, we reverse.
“Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue of material fact
and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. OCGA § 9-11-56 (c). We
apply a de novo standard of review and view the evidence in the light most favorable
to the nonmovant.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) State Farm Mut. Automobile
Ins. Co. v. Fabrizio, 344 Ga. App. 264, 264 (809 SE2d 496) (2018).
So viewed, the record shows that in May 2020, Petitioner filed a petition to
probate the Will in solemn form. The Will referenced a trust instrument known as The
Randolph Benedict Curvan Living Trust (the “Trust”) and provided that the executor
of the Will “shall be the then-acting [t]rustee or [t]rustees” of the Trust.2 The Will
also provided that, after the payment of estate expenses, the remainder of the estate
would be given to the trustee to be added to the principal of the Trust and to be held,
administered, and distributed under the terms of the Trust. According to Caveators,
Petitioner was the trustee of the Trust, which provided that Petitioner would receive
the entire estate of Randolph Benedict Curvan (“Decedent”).
2 The Trust is not included in the record on appeal.
2 Caveators filed a caveat to the petition and asserted, inter alia, that the Will was
not the valid last will of Decedent, that the signatures on the Will were not
Decedent’s, and that Petitioner was not fit to serve as executor. Although Caveators
stated that a previous will was the true last will of Decedent, no such will was
attached to their verified caveat.3
In July 2020, Petitioner sought to obtain temporary letters of administration to
allow her to collect and preserve Decedent’s assets. The probate court instead
appointed an independent temporary administrator for the sole purpose of collecting
and preserving Decedent’s assets until a permanent personal representative was
appointed.
Petitioner subsequently filed a motion for summary judgment based on her May
2020 petition to probate the Will. In her motion, Petitioner sought a ruling that the
Will was Decedent’s last true will and recognition that she was Decedent’s spouse.
Caveators opposed the motion on all grounds.
After filing her motion for summary judgment, Petitioner filed a petition to
probate a different Last Will and Testament of Randolph B. Curvan dated January 5,
3 After the probate court had ruled on the motion for summary judgment, Caveators filed a June 2012 Last Will and Testament of Randolph B. Curvan.
3 2019. The January 2019 will provided that, after the payment of all expenses, the
remainder of Decedent’s estate would be held in trust for Petitioner for her lifetime,
that Petitioner would be the sole trustee of the trust, and that payments would be
made to Petitioner at her discretion. In addition, on Petitioner’s death, the remainder
of Decedent’s estate would be distributed to his children, Charmaine Curvan-Lawes
and Randolph A. Curvan. In her petition to probate this will, Petitioner acknowledged
that another purported will of Decedent was pending in the same court. Caveators
also filed a caveat to that petition.
Without addressing the petition to probate the January 2019 will, the probate
court granted Petitioner’s motion for summary judgment as to the validity of the Will
and admitted it as proven in solemn form. The probate court denied Petitioner’s
motion to the extent she sought recognition as Decedent’s spouse. In addition, the
court concluded that Petitioner could not serve as executor because of a conflict of
interest and appointed the independent temporary administrator as executor of the
estate.4
4 Caveators do not challenge and Petitioner did not file a cross-appeal challenging the probate court’s ruling that denied Petitioner recognition as Decedent’s spouse or the ruling that appointed the independent temporary administrator as executor of the estate. Accordingly, we do not address those rulings here.
4 Caveators contend that the probate court erred in granting summary judgment
to Petitioner because she swore that two different wills were the Decedent’s last will
and testament and that, under the rule set forth in Prophecy Corp. v. Charles
Rossignol, Inc., 256 Ga. 27 (343 SE2d 680) (1986), Petitioner was not entitled to
benefit from her contradictory evidence.
In Prophecy, the Supreme Court of Georgia clarified the circumstances under
which the testimony of a respondent to a motion for summary judgment would be
construed against him or her. Id. at 28-29 (1). But “the general rule of construing
contradictory testimony against a summary judgment respondent is inapplicable here
because [Petitioner] is the movant.” Fabrizio, 344 Ga. App. at 266. The rule for
construing testimony is separate from the rule allocating the burden of proof on
summary judgment, which requires the movant to demonstrate that there are no
genuine issues of fact and that he or she is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Prophecy Corp., 256 Ga. at 28 (1).
“The sole question in a proceeding to probate a will in solemn form is whether
the paper propounded is, or is not, the last will and testament of the deceased.”
(Citation and punctuation omitted.) Wilbur v. Floyd, 353 Ga. App. 864, 867 (1) (839
SE2d 675) (2020). Here, Petitioner has propounded two different wills and sworn that
5 both are the last will and testament of Decedent. By doing so, Petitioner has created
a factual question that must be resolved by the factfinder. Accordingly, the trial court
erred by granting summary judgment to Petitioner. See Fabrizio, 344 Ga. App. at 267.
Judgment reversed. Senior Appellate Judge Herbert E. Phipps concurs and
McFadden, P. J., concurring fully and specially.
6 In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A21A1435. IN RE ESTATE OF CURVAN. McF-###
MCFADDEN, Presiding Judge, concurring fully and specially.
I concur fully in all that is written in the majority opinion. But there are two
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FIFTH DIVISION RICKMAN, C. J., MCFADDEN, P. J., and SENIOR APPELLATE JUDGE PHIPPS
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. https://www.gaappeals.us/rules
February 16, 2022
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A21A1435. IN RE ESTATE OF CURVAN.
RICKMAN, Chief Judge.
Cheryl Martina Curvan, Charmaine Curvan-Lawes, and Randolph Andrew
Curvan (“Caveators”) appeal the probate court’s order granting summary judgment
to Sharon Renee Lavant (“Petitioner”) and admitting to probate in solemn form the
July 31, 2019 Last Will and Testament of Randolph Benedict Curvan (the “Will”).1
Caveators contend that the probate court erred in granting summary judgment because
Petitioner submitted contradictory evidence, a genuine issue of material fact remains
as to whether the Will was validly executed, and the dispositive scheme is void
1 At the time of his death, Randolph Benedict Curvan was married to but separated from Cheryl Martina Curvan, had two adult children, Charmaine Curvan- Lawes and Randolph Andrew Curvan, and was living with Sharon Renee Lavant. because Petitioner was a witness to and a beneficiary of the Will. For the reasons that
follow, we reverse.
“Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue of material fact
and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. OCGA § 9-11-56 (c). We
apply a de novo standard of review and view the evidence in the light most favorable
to the nonmovant.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) State Farm Mut. Automobile
Ins. Co. v. Fabrizio, 344 Ga. App. 264, 264 (809 SE2d 496) (2018).
So viewed, the record shows that in May 2020, Petitioner filed a petition to
probate the Will in solemn form. The Will referenced a trust instrument known as The
Randolph Benedict Curvan Living Trust (the “Trust”) and provided that the executor
of the Will “shall be the then-acting [t]rustee or [t]rustees” of the Trust.2 The Will
also provided that, after the payment of estate expenses, the remainder of the estate
would be given to the trustee to be added to the principal of the Trust and to be held,
administered, and distributed under the terms of the Trust. According to Caveators,
Petitioner was the trustee of the Trust, which provided that Petitioner would receive
the entire estate of Randolph Benedict Curvan (“Decedent”).
2 The Trust is not included in the record on appeal.
2 Caveators filed a caveat to the petition and asserted, inter alia, that the Will was
not the valid last will of Decedent, that the signatures on the Will were not
Decedent’s, and that Petitioner was not fit to serve as executor. Although Caveators
stated that a previous will was the true last will of Decedent, no such will was
attached to their verified caveat.3
In July 2020, Petitioner sought to obtain temporary letters of administration to
allow her to collect and preserve Decedent’s assets. The probate court instead
appointed an independent temporary administrator for the sole purpose of collecting
and preserving Decedent’s assets until a permanent personal representative was
appointed.
Petitioner subsequently filed a motion for summary judgment based on her May
2020 petition to probate the Will. In her motion, Petitioner sought a ruling that the
Will was Decedent’s last true will and recognition that she was Decedent’s spouse.
Caveators opposed the motion on all grounds.
After filing her motion for summary judgment, Petitioner filed a petition to
probate a different Last Will and Testament of Randolph B. Curvan dated January 5,
3 After the probate court had ruled on the motion for summary judgment, Caveators filed a June 2012 Last Will and Testament of Randolph B. Curvan.
3 2019. The January 2019 will provided that, after the payment of all expenses, the
remainder of Decedent’s estate would be held in trust for Petitioner for her lifetime,
that Petitioner would be the sole trustee of the trust, and that payments would be
made to Petitioner at her discretion. In addition, on Petitioner’s death, the remainder
of Decedent’s estate would be distributed to his children, Charmaine Curvan-Lawes
and Randolph A. Curvan. In her petition to probate this will, Petitioner acknowledged
that another purported will of Decedent was pending in the same court. Caveators
also filed a caveat to that petition.
Without addressing the petition to probate the January 2019 will, the probate
court granted Petitioner’s motion for summary judgment as to the validity of the Will
and admitted it as proven in solemn form. The probate court denied Petitioner’s
motion to the extent she sought recognition as Decedent’s spouse. In addition, the
court concluded that Petitioner could not serve as executor because of a conflict of
interest and appointed the independent temporary administrator as executor of the
estate.4
4 Caveators do not challenge and Petitioner did not file a cross-appeal challenging the probate court’s ruling that denied Petitioner recognition as Decedent’s spouse or the ruling that appointed the independent temporary administrator as executor of the estate. Accordingly, we do not address those rulings here.
4 Caveators contend that the probate court erred in granting summary judgment
to Petitioner because she swore that two different wills were the Decedent’s last will
and testament and that, under the rule set forth in Prophecy Corp. v. Charles
Rossignol, Inc., 256 Ga. 27 (343 SE2d 680) (1986), Petitioner was not entitled to
benefit from her contradictory evidence.
In Prophecy, the Supreme Court of Georgia clarified the circumstances under
which the testimony of a respondent to a motion for summary judgment would be
construed against him or her. Id. at 28-29 (1). But “the general rule of construing
contradictory testimony against a summary judgment respondent is inapplicable here
because [Petitioner] is the movant.” Fabrizio, 344 Ga. App. at 266. The rule for
construing testimony is separate from the rule allocating the burden of proof on
summary judgment, which requires the movant to demonstrate that there are no
genuine issues of fact and that he or she is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Prophecy Corp., 256 Ga. at 28 (1).
“The sole question in a proceeding to probate a will in solemn form is whether
the paper propounded is, or is not, the last will and testament of the deceased.”
(Citation and punctuation omitted.) Wilbur v. Floyd, 353 Ga. App. 864, 867 (1) (839
SE2d 675) (2020). Here, Petitioner has propounded two different wills and sworn that
5 both are the last will and testament of Decedent. By doing so, Petitioner has created
a factual question that must be resolved by the factfinder. Accordingly, the trial court
erred by granting summary judgment to Petitioner. See Fabrizio, 344 Ga. App. at 267.
Judgment reversed. Senior Appellate Judge Herbert E. Phipps concurs and
McFadden, P. J., concurring fully and specially.
6 In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A21A1435. IN RE ESTATE OF CURVAN. McF-###
MCFADDEN, Presiding Judge, concurring fully and specially.
I concur fully in all that is written in the majority opinion. But there are two
more issues that need to be addressed in order to provide the appropriate guidance to
the trial court on remand.
The majority correctly reverses the probate court’s summary judgment order
holding that the “Will dated July 31, 2019 is established as the Last Will and
Testament” and directing that that will “be admitted to record as proven in Solemn
7 Form.” And the majority correctly holds that the probate court erred in granting
summary judgment to Petitioner because she swore that two different wills were the
Decedent’s last will and testament, thereby creating a question for the factfinder.
But Caveators challenged that summary judgment order in three enumerations
of error, setting out three different arguments. The argument about the Petitioner
propounding two different wills was the second of those.
Little needs to be said about the first enumeration, that the bequest to Petitioner
fails under OCGA § 53-4-23 (a) because she was both a witness and the sole
beneficiary. The trial court did not address it. So we should not do so in the first
instance.
But we should also reverse under the third. The probate court also erred in
granting summary judgment on the basis that certain allegations in the verified caveat
were merely conclusory. It is true that those allegations are merely conclusory. But
under our Civil Practice Act, all that is required of pleadings is “[a] short and plain
statement of the claims showing that the pleader is entitled to relief[.]” OCGA §
9-11-8 (a) (2) (A). See Deering v. Keever, 282 Ga. 161, 162 (646 SE2d 262) (2007)
(“[W]hile governance of pleadings in probate courts is set forth in Chapter 11 of Title
53 of the Code, that governance is supplemented by the provisions of the Civil
8 Practice Act.”). Parties are entitled to stand on their pleadings until the other side has
filed a “properly supported motion for summary judgment which pierces the
pleadings. . . .” See Essien v. CitiMortgage, 335 Ga. App. 727, 727 (781 SE2d 599)
(2016). Here Petitioner did not support her motion for summary judgment with
evidence and has not pierced Caveators’ allegations. Gann v. Mills, 124 Ga. App.
238, 239 (183 SE2d 523) (1971).