Woodward, J.:
The appellant has been much in court during the past few years in matters growing-out of the estate of his late wife, Elizá T. White, and this appeal is from an order of the surrogate of Kings county, denying the petition of Josiah J. White, as the former administrator of his wife’s estate and as general guardian of his infant son, in which he prayed for .an order vacating and setting aside a decree of the said Surrogate’s Court, entered April 25, 1898, confirming the report of James Troy, as referee u¡3on a reference to pass upon the account of the said Josiah J. White, as administrator, and settling his accounts as such administrator, and directing him to surrender to the respondent Davenport securities of large value, and charging him personally with upwards of $13,000. The authority for- this proceeding, as contended by the appellant, is subdivision 6 of section 2481 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides that the surrogate has power “ to open, vacate, modify, or set aside, or to enter, as of a former time, a decree or order of his court; or to grant a [227]*227new trial or a new hearing for fraud, newly discovered evidence, clerical error, or other sufficient cause,” and that, “upon an appeal from a determination of the surrogate, made upon an application pursuant to this subdivision, the general term of the supreme court has the same-power as the surrogate; and his determination must be reviewed as if an original application was made to that term.” The court, in discussing this section of the Code, in Matter of Tilden (98 N. Y. 434, 442), say : “ It would, therefore, seem that the power conferred upon the surrogate was limited to cases of ‘ fraud, newly-discovered evidence, clerical errors or other sufficient cause,’ and would preclude him from exercising the jurisdiction conferred by that section for other causes. Under settled rules of interpretation, the words or other sufficient cause ’ must be interpreted to mean causes of like nature with those specifically named. The maxim ‘ noscitur a sociis ’ applies, and limits the signification of the general phrase.” The question thus presented upon this appeal is whether the facts alleged by the appellant, conceding them to be true, are sufficient to warrant the surrogate, or this court, in exercising the jurisdiction. There is no suggestion of clerical errors or of newly-discovered evidence, and we are thus brought to the consideration of the question of fraud, in its legal aspects, in determining this appeal.
It is contended by the appellant that “ Mr. White had no notice of the order of reference or of the proceedings before the referee, and took no part in them; that he was not represented by attorney upon the reference; that Messrs. Veeder & Sullivan, who are said to have been served as his attorneys with notice of these proceedings, were not his authorized attorneys; that his authorized attorney, Mr. Graves, had no notice or knowledge of the proceedings; and that the report was confirmed and the decree was made against his opposition and that of his real attorney, Mr. Graves; neither he nor Mr. Graves being allowed by the Surrogate to be heard in opposition to the report or to the motion to confirm it.” If these allegations were in fact true in spirit, there would be little trouble in holding that they had operated fraudulently upon the rights of the, appellant, and -that there was reason for exercising the jurisdiction and in granting, in some degree at least, the relief prayed for in the petition. After a careful reading of the affidavits, and the [228]*228evidence contained in the record, we are forced to conclude that the statements made by the petitioner do not present the real facts, and that the order of the surrogate should be affirmed.
The facts, as they appear from the record, show that on the 17th day of November, 1891, Josiah J. White was appointed administrator of the estate of Eliza T. White. On the 15th day of February, 1897, the Long Island Loan and Trust Company, as temporary guardian of Frederick Hall White, the sole next of kin of Eliza T. White, filed a petition in the Surrogate’s Court of Kings county for a citation requiring Josiah J. White to show cause why he should not file an account of his proceeedings as such administrator. On the 23d day of February, 1897, William D. Veeder and William Sullivan filed a notice of appearance for Josiah J. White as such administrator in said accounting proceeding, and served a copy thereof upon George S. Ingraham, attorney for the Long Island Loan and Trust Company. This was done with the authority of Mr. White. There has never been any substitution of attorneys, nor has any other notice of appearance ever been filed or served in this proceeding. It appears, however, that on the 24tli day of February, 1897, the day following the filing of the notice of Veeder and Sullivan, Mr. White wrote a letter to Mr. Veeder, personally, in which.he withdrew from Mr. Veeder the authority to appear for him in the proceeding, but no notice of this fact appears to have been given to Mr. Sullivan, to the surrogate, or to the other'attorneys interested in the proceeding. On the 25th day of February, 1897, the Surrogate’s Court made its order directing said White to file-an account of his proceedings on or before March 11,1897, this order reciting the appearance of White by William D. Veeder and William Sullivan as attorneys. While it does not appear clearly from the record, there is a suggestion, both in the letter of Mr. White to Mr. Veeder and in the affidavit of Veeder and Sullivan, that Mr. White w’as unwilling to- include in his account matters which his attorneys believed should properly be included, particularly in reference to certain securities, and it was probably owing to this fact that Mr. White on the twenty-fourth day of February withdrew his authorization from Mr. Veeder. On the 22d day of April, 1897, Mr. White filed a document which he called an account of his proceedings as administrator. ■ This document does not bear the indorsement or [229]*229the signature of any one as attorney, and it may be gathered from the evidence that it was drawn by Mr. White, and did not have the sanction or approval of any one of his various counsel. The document was physically handed to the clerk of the Surrogate’s Court by Horace Graves, an attorney, who afterward, and on the 17th day of May, 18‘97, entered an ex parte order amending the alleged account of Mr. White, which recited that the same was made on motion of Horace Graves, attorney, but Mr. Graves, in an opposing affidavit, states that “ at the time of said filing deponent was aware that Messrs. Yeeder and Sullivan had appeared in the compulsory accounting proceedings as said Josiah J. White’s attorneys,” and that he “ remembers a conversation with Hon. James Troy, referee, in said accounting proceedings which occurred within a day or two after said referee’s appointment, in which deponent stated that Josiah J. White had informed deponent that said accounting proceeding had been referred to said Troy,” and that “ deponent was informed by said Josiah J. White that Messrs. Veeder and Sullivan were his attorneys in the accounting proceedings, and deponent never heard that any different attorney was substituted. Deponent never pretended to be the attorney of said. White in said proceedings, except, in two or three incidental matters.” The joint affidavit of Messrs. Yeeder and Sullivan states that “an account such as we ao vised him lie was legally bound to render was .prepared by a professional accountant under our direction. But instead of filing that account he, contrary to our advice, filed the said paper purporting to be his account.
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Woodward, J.:
The appellant has been much in court during the past few years in matters growing-out of the estate of his late wife, Elizá T. White, and this appeal is from an order of the surrogate of Kings county, denying the petition of Josiah J. White, as the former administrator of his wife’s estate and as general guardian of his infant son, in which he prayed for .an order vacating and setting aside a decree of the said Surrogate’s Court, entered April 25, 1898, confirming the report of James Troy, as referee u¡3on a reference to pass upon the account of the said Josiah J. White, as administrator, and settling his accounts as such administrator, and directing him to surrender to the respondent Davenport securities of large value, and charging him personally with upwards of $13,000. The authority for- this proceeding, as contended by the appellant, is subdivision 6 of section 2481 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides that the surrogate has power “ to open, vacate, modify, or set aside, or to enter, as of a former time, a decree or order of his court; or to grant a [227]*227new trial or a new hearing for fraud, newly discovered evidence, clerical error, or other sufficient cause,” and that, “upon an appeal from a determination of the surrogate, made upon an application pursuant to this subdivision, the general term of the supreme court has the same-power as the surrogate; and his determination must be reviewed as if an original application was made to that term.” The court, in discussing this section of the Code, in Matter of Tilden (98 N. Y. 434, 442), say : “ It would, therefore, seem that the power conferred upon the surrogate was limited to cases of ‘ fraud, newly-discovered evidence, clerical errors or other sufficient cause,’ and would preclude him from exercising the jurisdiction conferred by that section for other causes. Under settled rules of interpretation, the words or other sufficient cause ’ must be interpreted to mean causes of like nature with those specifically named. The maxim ‘ noscitur a sociis ’ applies, and limits the signification of the general phrase.” The question thus presented upon this appeal is whether the facts alleged by the appellant, conceding them to be true, are sufficient to warrant the surrogate, or this court, in exercising the jurisdiction. There is no suggestion of clerical errors or of newly-discovered evidence, and we are thus brought to the consideration of the question of fraud, in its legal aspects, in determining this appeal.
It is contended by the appellant that “ Mr. White had no notice of the order of reference or of the proceedings before the referee, and took no part in them; that he was not represented by attorney upon the reference; that Messrs. Veeder & Sullivan, who are said to have been served as his attorneys with notice of these proceedings, were not his authorized attorneys; that his authorized attorney, Mr. Graves, had no notice or knowledge of the proceedings; and that the report was confirmed and the decree was made against his opposition and that of his real attorney, Mr. Graves; neither he nor Mr. Graves being allowed by the Surrogate to be heard in opposition to the report or to the motion to confirm it.” If these allegations were in fact true in spirit, there would be little trouble in holding that they had operated fraudulently upon the rights of the, appellant, and -that there was reason for exercising the jurisdiction and in granting, in some degree at least, the relief prayed for in the petition. After a careful reading of the affidavits, and the [228]*228evidence contained in the record, we are forced to conclude that the statements made by the petitioner do not present the real facts, and that the order of the surrogate should be affirmed.
The facts, as they appear from the record, show that on the 17th day of November, 1891, Josiah J. White was appointed administrator of the estate of Eliza T. White. On the 15th day of February, 1897, the Long Island Loan and Trust Company, as temporary guardian of Frederick Hall White, the sole next of kin of Eliza T. White, filed a petition in the Surrogate’s Court of Kings county for a citation requiring Josiah J. White to show cause why he should not file an account of his proceeedings as such administrator. On the 23d day of February, 1897, William D. Veeder and William Sullivan filed a notice of appearance for Josiah J. White as such administrator in said accounting proceeding, and served a copy thereof upon George S. Ingraham, attorney for the Long Island Loan and Trust Company. This was done with the authority of Mr. White. There has never been any substitution of attorneys, nor has any other notice of appearance ever been filed or served in this proceeding. It appears, however, that on the 24tli day of February, 1897, the day following the filing of the notice of Veeder and Sullivan, Mr. White wrote a letter to Mr. Veeder, personally, in which.he withdrew from Mr. Veeder the authority to appear for him in the proceeding, but no notice of this fact appears to have been given to Mr. Sullivan, to the surrogate, or to the other'attorneys interested in the proceeding. On the 25th day of February, 1897, the Surrogate’s Court made its order directing said White to file-an account of his proceedings on or before March 11,1897, this order reciting the appearance of White by William D. Veeder and William Sullivan as attorneys. While it does not appear clearly from the record, there is a suggestion, both in the letter of Mr. White to Mr. Veeder and in the affidavit of Veeder and Sullivan, that Mr. White w’as unwilling to- include in his account matters which his attorneys believed should properly be included, particularly in reference to certain securities, and it was probably owing to this fact that Mr. White on the twenty-fourth day of February withdrew his authorization from Mr. Veeder. On the 22d day of April, 1897, Mr. White filed a document which he called an account of his proceedings as administrator. ■ This document does not bear the indorsement or [229]*229the signature of any one as attorney, and it may be gathered from the evidence that it was drawn by Mr. White, and did not have the sanction or approval of any one of his various counsel. The document was physically handed to the clerk of the Surrogate’s Court by Horace Graves, an attorney, who afterward, and on the 17th day of May, 18‘97, entered an ex parte order amending the alleged account of Mr. White, which recited that the same was made on motion of Horace Graves, attorney, but Mr. Graves, in an opposing affidavit, states that “ at the time of said filing deponent was aware that Messrs. Yeeder and Sullivan had appeared in the compulsory accounting proceedings as said Josiah J. White’s attorneys,” and that he “ remembers a conversation with Hon. James Troy, referee, in said accounting proceedings which occurred within a day or two after said referee’s appointment, in which deponent stated that Josiah J. White had informed deponent that said accounting proceeding had been referred to said Troy,” and that “ deponent was informed by said Josiah J. White that Messrs. Veeder and Sullivan were his attorneys in the accounting proceedings, and deponent never heard that any different attorney was substituted. Deponent never pretended to be the attorney of said. White in said proceedings, except, in two or three incidental matters.” The joint affidavit of Messrs. Yeeder and Sullivan states that “an account such as we ao vised him lie was legally bound to render was .prepared by a professional accountant under our direction. But instead of filing that account he, contrary to our advice, filed the said paper purporting to be his account. After that he never consulted with ns on the subject of the judicial 'settlement of his account. We, however, notified him that Judge Troy had .been appointed referee, and also that we had been served with notice of hearing before the referee.” It appears, therefore, that Mr. White recognized Messrs. Veeder and Sullivan as his attorneys; that these attorneys filed a notice of appearance in his behalf; that no substitution of attorneys ever took place; that Mr. Graves never pretended to act as his attorney in the proceeding or filed any notice of appearance, and that Mr. White never took any steps to make a change in his legal representatives in this proceeding, although he was notified of the appointment of the referee and of the service of a notice of a hearing before the referee upon Messrs. Veeder and Sullivan as his attorneys.
[230]*230In May, 1897, an order of the Surrogate’s Court was made revoking the letters of adminstration granted to Mr. White, and on the thirteenth day of that-month letters of administration on the estate of Eliza. T. White were issued to William B. Davenport, and an. order was made bringing in Mr. Davenport as such administrator. Objections to the alleged account of Mr. White, were tiled by the Long Island Loan and Trust Company as guardian and by Mr. Davenport as administrator, and by an order of the Surrogate’s Court the issues were referred to Hon. James Troy, referee, for trial. Hearing of the issues was brought on by notice served upon Messrs. Veeder and Sullivan as attorneys, and a copy of the notice of hearing was mailed to Josiah J. White at his residence, 136 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn. Mr. White denies that he ever received this notice by mail, or that he had any notice of the hearing or of the appointment of the referee, but the evidence in the record appears to entirely overcome this denial. An excerpt from one of Mr. White’s numerous affidavits will, be instructive upon this point, as it shows the mental processes of the appellant in his effort to avoid the responsibility for his conduct in the administration of-this estate. After denying ¡the matters stated above, Mr. White says: “That on the 12th day of August, 1897, deponent closed his house at Ho. 136 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, and left the city with his son Frederic, who was in very delicate health, and visited various, summer resorts in Hew England and then went to • the State of Massachusetts and did not return therefrom until the latter part of February, 1898, and that said house continued so closed until that time. That this absence from Brooklyn, and the fact that his residence was closed was well known to all of the parties who have made answering affidavits herein, and that it was impossible to notify deponent as to said reference, and deponent avers that no notice of the appointment of said Troy as referee or of any of the hearings or sessions of said reference were ever served upon him.” Mr. White is a citizen of this State, and by the provisions of section 2538 of the Code of Civil Procedure, sections 796 to 802 of the same Code are made applicable to the proceedings in Surrogates’ Courts. It is not questioned that at the time of tih ing a notice of appearance Messrs. Veeder and Sullivan were the attorneys of Mr. White, and he was thus submitted to the jurisdic[231]*231tian of the court. (2 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 427.) If his letter of the twenty-fourth of February operated to dismiss these attorneys, it did not have the effect of substituting Mr. Graves. Section 796 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides that “ a notice or other paper in an action may be served on a party or an attorney, either by delivering it to him personally or in the manner prescribed in the next section,” and section 797 provides that the service may be made “ upon a party or an attorney, through the post office, by •depositing the paper, properly inclosed in a postpaid wrapper, in the post office, or in any post office box regularly maintained by the government of the United States and under the care of the post office of the party, or the attorney serving it, directed to the person to be served at the address, within the state, designated by him for that purpose, upon the preceding papers in the action; or, where he has not made such a designation, at his place of residence, or the place where he keeps an office, according to the best information which can conveniently be obtained concerning the same.”
Mr. White, in his letter of the twenty-fourth of February, the day following the filing of notice of appearance by Messrs. Yeeder and Sullivan, says: “ In the matter of the proceeding instituted by the Long Island Loan and Trust Compairy, Guardian, wherein a citation is purported to have issued by the Surrogate’s Court, requiring me to appear Febry. 25th, 1897, and show cause why I should not render and settle my account as administrator. I hereby withdraw my authorization for your appearance in my behalf in that matter and forbid your doing so, and request that you take no part in the proceeding in Court when the citation is returnable.” The appellant was thus aware of the fact that proceedings had been instituted, and the notice of appearance having been filed on the twenty- ■ third day of February by his then attorneys, he must be deemed to have submitted himself to the jurisdiction of tlie court. Section 799 of the Code of Civil Procedure says : “ Where a party has appeared, a notice or other paper, required to be served in an action, must be served upon his attorney.” The only attorneys of record in this proceeding are Messrs. Yeeder and Sullivan, and it is not disputed that all of the papei’S in the proceeding were duly served upon these attorneys. But, if it be conceded that the letter of Mr. White to Mr. Yeeder operated to dismiss these attorneys, the service of the same notice upon [232]*232Mr. White, by mailing the same to his address.in Brooklyn, was sufficient to give him notice of the hearings before the referee, and he cannot be heard to contend that he has had no notice because he has, voluntarily placed himself in a position where, as he tells us in his affidavit, “ it ivas impossible to notify deponent as to said reference.” Section 421 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which is made applicable to matters in. the Surrogate’s Court by the section of the Code cited above, provides that “ the defendant’s appearance must be made by serving upon the plaintiff’s attorney, within twenty days after service of the summons, exclusive of the day of service, a notice of appearance, or a copy of a demurrer or of an answer.” It is only in this way, or by some act equivalent, that the attorney of record may be known, and litigants cannot be compelled.to go to the private Correspondence of attorneys and clients to discover what particular attorney may at any given moment be authorized to appear for the party sought, to be served. ' If Mr. White desired a substitution of attorneys,, lie should have taken the proper steps to notify the court and the litigants of substitution. The mere incidental employment of Mr. Graves did not operate to make that, gentleman the attorney of record in the proceedings for an accounting,- entitling him to be served with notices or other papers in the matter, and the affidavit of Mr. Graves that he never “ pretended to be the attorney of said White in said proceedings, except in two- or three incidental matters,” must be conclusive upon this point.
So far as the record shows, therefore, Mr. White not only submitted to the jurisdiction of the court by reason of the notice of appearance filed by his attorneys, but -he was personally aware of the'nature of the proceeding. His' attorneys of record were duly served with- whatever notices were necessary to bring on the hearing-of the issues before the-referee appointed for that purpose, and these notices,-out of an abundance of caution, were mailed to the residence of Mr. White, and the mere fact that he had absented himself from the State, knowing that these proceedings were pending,, without-taking any steps to have his mail forwarded to him, cannot give him any rights upon this appeal. He was a resident of this State, and additional and unnecessary notices served upon him in the manner prescribed by law for the service of papers cannot be'said to have afforded him no notice of the pendency of the proceedings. He [233]*233cannot- by his own acts place himself beyond the reach of notice and then claim the indulgence of this court because he has failed to personally have notice of the proceedings .in their various stages. There is clearly no fraud • involved in this transaction; no effort to deprive the appellant of any right. On the contrary, every effort was made to give him notice, not only through his attorneys of record, but by an additional personal notice through the mails in the manner prescribed by the statutes for the service of papers on a party in an action. Under these circumstances we are forced to conclude that the court is without jurisdiction to grant the relief prayed for by the petitioner under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure under which the appellant is proceeding. (Matter of Tilden, supra)
While there is no doubt of the power of the court to relieve against a judgment rendered against a party upon the unauthorized appearance of an attorney in his name in a direct application to the court by motion in the action in which the unauthorized appearance was entered ( Vilas v. P. & M. R. R. Co., 123 N. Y. 440), we find no case in which a party who has been duly served, and who has appeared by his authorized attorneys, has been allowed to evade the consequences of a judgment because he may have disagreed with his attorneys and dismissed them without substituting others in their places or taken any steps to inform his adversaries of the changed relations. Nor do we find any case in which the appellant has been relieved because he has voluntarily, during the pend-ency of an action, placed himself in a situation where he could not be served with papers. Subdivision 6 of section 2481, under which the appellant claims the right to relief, further provides: “ The powers conferred by this subdivision must be exercised only in a like case and in the same manner as a court of record and of general jurisdiction-exercises the same powers,” and as no court of record would set aside a judgment under the facts presented on this review, we are confirmed in the proposition that the court has no power to grant the relief which the appellant asks on this appeal.
From our review of' the record we are convinced that the appellant has suffered no injury; that he has been unwilling to act upon the advice of reputable counselors of this court in respect to his [234]*234duties as an administrator, and that the interests of the estate and of all parties demand that the property should be confirmed to the respondent without further delay.
We are unable to discover any rights of the appellant which accrued upon his appointment as guardian of his son after the latter became fourteen years of age. The proceeding for an accounting had been commenced when the appellant was appointed, and the Long Island Loan and Trust Company, as temporary guardian,, was 'responsible under the provisions of section 2828 of the Code of-Civil Procedure for the rights of the infant under, that proceeding. (See, also, § 2837.) .
While the question of the release of the appellant from custody under a warrant of attachment does not appear to have any proper place in this discussion, and was apparently introduced into the affidavits for the purpose of arousing sympathy, the truth seems to be that the appellant was released upon a formal order in habeas corpus proceedings, with the acquiescence of all parties, in an effort to bring about a. settlement of the various matters in which Mr. White had become involved.
The order appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.
All concurred.
Order affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.