[Cite as In re S.B., 2017-Ohio-1353.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
IN RE: S.B. C.A. No. 28276
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO CASE No. DN 13-10-0699
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: April 12, 2017
HENSAL, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Steven H. (“Father”), appeals from a judgment of the Summit County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that placed his minor child in the legal custody of a
maternal aunt. This Court affirms.
{¶2} Father is the natural father of S.B., born March 16, 2010. At the time this case
began, S.B. and her half-brother resided in the custody of their mother (“Mother”). The half-
brother is not a party to this appeal because he is not Father’s child. Mother did not participate in
the trial court proceedings and did not appeal from the trial court’s judgment.
{¶3} Although this case has a lengthy procedural history, this Court will confine its
review to the basic facts relevant to this appeal. When this case began, S.B. resided with Mother
and Father lived elsewhere. S.B. and her half-brother were removed from Mother’s custody
because of Mother’s drug use and failure to provide for her children’s basic needs. 2
{¶4} S.B. was later adjudicated a dependent child and placed in the temporary custody
of CSB. Although S.B. was initially placed with Father and his girlfriend, she was later removed
from that home because Father tested positive for cocaine. Consequently, the primary case plan
goal for Father was to obtain a substance abuse assessment, follow any treatment
recommendations, and submit to weekly and random drug testing.
{¶5} On January 16, 2014, S.B. was placed in the temporary custody of a maternal aunt
(“Aunt”), who had been a caretaker for S.B. throughout her life and was also providing a
temporary home for S.B.’s half-brother. S.B. remained in Aunt’s home throughout the
remainder of this case. The half-brother was later placed in the legal custody of Aunt.
{¶6} During June 2015, S.B. disclosed that Father had inappropriately touched her
genitalia. S.B’s allegation could not be substantiated, however, because there was no physical
evidence and a trauma specialist opined that S.B’s allegation may have been coached. Father’s
visits with S.B. were suspended during the investigation, but were later reinstated.
{¶7} CSB moved the trial court to place S.B. in the legal custody of Aunt and Father
alternatively moved for legal custody of S.B. Following a final dispositional hearing, the
magistrate concluded that it was in the best interest of S.B. to be placed in the legal custody of
Aunt. The trial court ultimately overruled Father’s objections to the magistrate’s decision and
placed S.B. in the legal custody of Aunt. Father appeals and raises one assignment of error.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT’S FINDING THAT LEGAL CUSTODY OF THE MINOR CHILD TO [AUNT] WAS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶8} Father’s sole assignment of error is that the trial court erred in determining that
legal custody to Aunt was in the best interest of S.B. Father argues that, because S.B. was 3
removed from the custody of Mother and the dependency adjudication focused on Mother’s
parenting problems and not his, he was a presumptively-fit parent at the time of the legal custody
hearing. Consequently, he asserts that the trial court was required to find him unsuitable under
the standard set forth in In re Perales, 52 Ohio St.2d 89 (1977), syllabus, before considering
whether to place S.B. in the legal custody of a nonparent.
{¶9} Father’s argument is premised on an incorrect legal standard. Although he was
not S.B.’s custodial parent when the child was removed from the home, Father does not dispute
that he has always been a party to these proceedings, who received proper service of the
complaint and notice of the adjudicatory hearing. In In re C.R., 108 Ohio St.3d 369, 2006-Ohio-
1191, the Ohio Supreme Court rejected the argument that a juvenile court must prove parental
unfitness under these circumstances at this stage of a dependency proceeding. It held that “[a]
juvenile court adjudication of abuse, neglect, or dependency is a determination about the care
and condition of a child and implicitly involves a determination of the unsuitability of the child’s
custodial and/or noncustodial parents.” Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus. Because it was a
noncustodial father who appealed in C.R., the Supreme Court explicitly emphasized: “[w]hen a
juvenile court adjudicates a child to be abused, neglected, or dependent, it has no duty to make a
separate finding at the dispositional hearing that a noncustodial parent is unsuitable before
awarding legal custody to a nonparent.” Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶10} Therefore, the trial court was not required to find that Father was an unfit parent
at the final dispositional hearing. “Following an adjudication of neglect, dependency, or abuse,
the juvenile court’s determination of whether to place a child in the legal custody of a parent or a
relative is based solely on the best interest of the child.” See In re K.H., 9th Dist. Summit No.
27952, 2016-Ohio-1330, ¶ 12. “Although there is no specific test or set of criteria set forth in the 4
statutory scheme, courts agree that the trial court must base its decision [regarding legal custody]
on the best interest of the child.” In re N.P., 9th Dist. Summit No. 21707, 2004-Ohio-110, ¶ 23,
citing In re Fulton, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2002-09-236, 2003-Ohio-5984, ¶ 11.
{¶11} Father focuses the remainder of his argument on his belief that Aunt encouraged
S.B. to make a false allegation that he inappropriately touched her. It is not clear from the
record, however, that S.B.’s allegation was false. The guardian ad litem emphasized at the final
hearing that, although S.B.’s allegation could not be substantiated, he did not believe that she had
fabricated a story. He explained that, if S.B.’s allegation were false, the young child’s
explanation about the alleged incident would have changed over time, but it did not. S.B.
consistently told him the same thing about Father touching her.
{¶12} Furthermore, the trial court properly focused its legal custody decision on the best
interest of S.B. The sole focus of the legal custody hearing was on the parenting ability of each
potential custodian (Father and Aunt) and whether it was in the best interest of S.B. to be
permanently placed in the legal custody of either of them. See In re K.C., 9th Dist. Summit Nos.
26992, 26993, 2014-Ohio-372, ¶ 20. Father makes no argument on any of the best interest
factors, however, nor does he explain why placing S.B. in his legal custody rather than Aunt’s
would be in the child’s best interest.
{¶13} The evidence pertaining to the best interest of S.B. supported the trial court’s
decision. “[T]his Court has held that the best interest test set forth in [Revised Code Section]
2151.414(D), although it relates to permanent custody, ‘provide[s] guidance’ in legal custody
determinations.” In re B.G., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24187, 2008-Ohio-5003, ¶ 9, quoting In re
T.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 22954, 2006-Ohio-4468, ¶ 17. When determining the child’s best
interest under Section 2151.414(D), the juvenile court must consider all relevant factors, 5
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[Cite as In re S.B., 2017-Ohio-1353.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
IN RE: S.B. C.A. No. 28276
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO CASE No. DN 13-10-0699
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: April 12, 2017
HENSAL, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Steven H. (“Father”), appeals from a judgment of the Summit County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that placed his minor child in the legal custody of a
maternal aunt. This Court affirms.
{¶2} Father is the natural father of S.B., born March 16, 2010. At the time this case
began, S.B. and her half-brother resided in the custody of their mother (“Mother”). The half-
brother is not a party to this appeal because he is not Father’s child. Mother did not participate in
the trial court proceedings and did not appeal from the trial court’s judgment.
{¶3} Although this case has a lengthy procedural history, this Court will confine its
review to the basic facts relevant to this appeal. When this case began, S.B. resided with Mother
and Father lived elsewhere. S.B. and her half-brother were removed from Mother’s custody
because of Mother’s drug use and failure to provide for her children’s basic needs. 2
{¶4} S.B. was later adjudicated a dependent child and placed in the temporary custody
of CSB. Although S.B. was initially placed with Father and his girlfriend, she was later removed
from that home because Father tested positive for cocaine. Consequently, the primary case plan
goal for Father was to obtain a substance abuse assessment, follow any treatment
recommendations, and submit to weekly and random drug testing.
{¶5} On January 16, 2014, S.B. was placed in the temporary custody of a maternal aunt
(“Aunt”), who had been a caretaker for S.B. throughout her life and was also providing a
temporary home for S.B.’s half-brother. S.B. remained in Aunt’s home throughout the
remainder of this case. The half-brother was later placed in the legal custody of Aunt.
{¶6} During June 2015, S.B. disclosed that Father had inappropriately touched her
genitalia. S.B’s allegation could not be substantiated, however, because there was no physical
evidence and a trauma specialist opined that S.B’s allegation may have been coached. Father’s
visits with S.B. were suspended during the investigation, but were later reinstated.
{¶7} CSB moved the trial court to place S.B. in the legal custody of Aunt and Father
alternatively moved for legal custody of S.B. Following a final dispositional hearing, the
magistrate concluded that it was in the best interest of S.B. to be placed in the legal custody of
Aunt. The trial court ultimately overruled Father’s objections to the magistrate’s decision and
placed S.B. in the legal custody of Aunt. Father appeals and raises one assignment of error.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT’S FINDING THAT LEGAL CUSTODY OF THE MINOR CHILD TO [AUNT] WAS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶8} Father’s sole assignment of error is that the trial court erred in determining that
legal custody to Aunt was in the best interest of S.B. Father argues that, because S.B. was 3
removed from the custody of Mother and the dependency adjudication focused on Mother’s
parenting problems and not his, he was a presumptively-fit parent at the time of the legal custody
hearing. Consequently, he asserts that the trial court was required to find him unsuitable under
the standard set forth in In re Perales, 52 Ohio St.2d 89 (1977), syllabus, before considering
whether to place S.B. in the legal custody of a nonparent.
{¶9} Father’s argument is premised on an incorrect legal standard. Although he was
not S.B.’s custodial parent when the child was removed from the home, Father does not dispute
that he has always been a party to these proceedings, who received proper service of the
complaint and notice of the adjudicatory hearing. In In re C.R., 108 Ohio St.3d 369, 2006-Ohio-
1191, the Ohio Supreme Court rejected the argument that a juvenile court must prove parental
unfitness under these circumstances at this stage of a dependency proceeding. It held that “[a]
juvenile court adjudication of abuse, neglect, or dependency is a determination about the care
and condition of a child and implicitly involves a determination of the unsuitability of the child’s
custodial and/or noncustodial parents.” Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus. Because it was a
noncustodial father who appealed in C.R., the Supreme Court explicitly emphasized: “[w]hen a
juvenile court adjudicates a child to be abused, neglected, or dependent, it has no duty to make a
separate finding at the dispositional hearing that a noncustodial parent is unsuitable before
awarding legal custody to a nonparent.” Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶10} Therefore, the trial court was not required to find that Father was an unfit parent
at the final dispositional hearing. “Following an adjudication of neglect, dependency, or abuse,
the juvenile court’s determination of whether to place a child in the legal custody of a parent or a
relative is based solely on the best interest of the child.” See In re K.H., 9th Dist. Summit No.
27952, 2016-Ohio-1330, ¶ 12. “Although there is no specific test or set of criteria set forth in the 4
statutory scheme, courts agree that the trial court must base its decision [regarding legal custody]
on the best interest of the child.” In re N.P., 9th Dist. Summit No. 21707, 2004-Ohio-110, ¶ 23,
citing In re Fulton, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2002-09-236, 2003-Ohio-5984, ¶ 11.
{¶11} Father focuses the remainder of his argument on his belief that Aunt encouraged
S.B. to make a false allegation that he inappropriately touched her. It is not clear from the
record, however, that S.B.’s allegation was false. The guardian ad litem emphasized at the final
hearing that, although S.B.’s allegation could not be substantiated, he did not believe that she had
fabricated a story. He explained that, if S.B.’s allegation were false, the young child’s
explanation about the alleged incident would have changed over time, but it did not. S.B.
consistently told him the same thing about Father touching her.
{¶12} Furthermore, the trial court properly focused its legal custody decision on the best
interest of S.B. The sole focus of the legal custody hearing was on the parenting ability of each
potential custodian (Father and Aunt) and whether it was in the best interest of S.B. to be
permanently placed in the legal custody of either of them. See In re K.C., 9th Dist. Summit Nos.
26992, 26993, 2014-Ohio-372, ¶ 20. Father makes no argument on any of the best interest
factors, however, nor does he explain why placing S.B. in his legal custody rather than Aunt’s
would be in the child’s best interest.
{¶13} The evidence pertaining to the best interest of S.B. supported the trial court’s
decision. “[T]his Court has held that the best interest test set forth in [Revised Code Section]
2151.414(D), although it relates to permanent custody, ‘provide[s] guidance’ in legal custody
determinations.” In re B.G., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24187, 2008-Ohio-5003, ¶ 9, quoting In re
T.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 22954, 2006-Ohio-4468, ¶ 17. When determining the child’s best
interest under Section 2151.414(D), the juvenile court must consider all relevant factors, 5
including the interaction and interrelationships of the child, his wishes, the custodial history of
the child, and his need for permanence in his life. See In re R.G., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 24834,
24850, 2009-Ohio-6284, ¶ 11.
{¶14} Father’s interaction with S.B. during this case was restricted because he never
obtained a chemical dependency assessment and failed to submit to drug and alcohol screening
as required by the case plan. During the four months before the hearing, Father visited S.B. only
once. Although Father attempts to blame his lack of visits on the unsubstantiated allegation that
he inappropriately touched S.B., the trial court fully considered that he was prevented from
visiting S.B. while the allegation was investigated. The trial court reinstated visitation between
Father and S.B. two months before the final dispositional hearing, but Father visited S.B. only
once during that period. During that one visit, apparently because S.B. was paying little
attention to Father, Father left the visit after 10 to 15 minutes. The caseworker and the guardian
ad litem expressed disappointment that Father did not take full advantage of his opportunities to
visit S.B.
{¶15} On the other hand, S.B. had ongoing, positive interaction with Aunt, where she
had been living for over a year. S.B. was doing well in Aunt’s home and was closely bonded to
her half-brother, who also resided with Aunt. By the time of the final hearing, the juvenile court
had placed the half-brother in Aunt’s legal custody.
{¶16} S.B. had consistently told the guardian ad litem that she did not want to live with
Father but that she wanted to remain in Aunt’s home. The guardian ad litem also expressed his
opinion that legal custody to Aunt was in the child’s best interest because Aunt was meeting all
of her needs and S.B. was doing well in that home. He expressed concern that, although Father
proclaimed a desire to have custody of S.B., he did not comply with the substance abuse 6
component of the case plan and did not visit S.B. more than once after his visits were reinstated
two months before the hearing.
{¶17} By the time of the final dispositional hearing, S.B. had been residing with Aunt on
a temporary basis for almost one and one-half years. Before this case began, S.B. had spent the
first few years of her life moving back and forth between the custody of Father and Mother.
Because she had essentially been living in temporary placements for most of her life, S.B. was in
need of a legally secure permanent placement. The trial court reasonably concluded that Aunt
would provide the most suitable placement for S.B.
{¶18} Father has failed to demonstrate that the trial court erred by placing S.B. in the
legal custody of Aunt. Father’s assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶19} Father’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is 7
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
JENNIFER HENSAL FOR THE COURT
CARR, P. J. SCHAFER, J. CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
ALAN MEDVICK, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD S. KASAY, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.