1 2 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 4 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 5 SAN JOSE DIVISION 6 7 IN RE SAMSUNG GALAXY Case No. 16-cv-06391-BLF SMARTPHONE MARKETING AND 8 SALES PRACTICES LITIGATION ORDER RE PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION TO 9 REINSTATE ADMINISTRATIVELY CLOSED CASE AND DEFENDANTS’ 10 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF PROSECUTION 11 [Re: ECF 93, 96] 12 13 This is a putative class action concerning various models of smartphones manufactured by 14 Defendants Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and Samsung Electronics America, Inc. The entire suit 15 is currently stayed and the file is administratively closed. Before the Court are two motions: 16 Plaintiffs’ motion to reinstate the case and Defendants’ motion to dismiss the case for lack of 17 prosecution. As explained below, the Court will GRANT Plaintiffs’ motion and DENY 18 Defendants’ motion. 19 I. BACKGROUND 20 This case has been stayed since April 13, 2018. ECF 90. Plaintiffs filed the most recent 21 complaint—the First Amended Complaint (“FAC”)—in August 2017. ECF 65 (“FAC”). In it, 22 Plaintiffs alleged that Defendants were aware of overheating problems with various models of the 23 smartphones they manufacture and sell, yet failed to fix the problems or warn customers of the 24 dangers posed. See id. The FAC was brought by 15 Named Plaintiffs, each of whom had 25 purchased at least one of six models of Samsung phones—the Galaxy S7, the Galaxy S7 Edge, the 26 Galaxy S6, the Galaxy S6 Edge, the Galaxy S6 Edge+, and the Galaxy Note5. See id. 27 Defendants soon filed a motion to compel arbitration, ECF 67, which the Court granted in 1 Martin, Atebar (as to the Galaxy S71), Esther Vega, Holzworth, Kouyoumdjian, and Raymond, 2 who the Court concluded had adequate notice of the arbitration agreement. Id. at 25. Because the 3 arbitration agreement included a class action waiver, the Court also granted Defendants’ motion to 4 dismiss the class action claims of these six Named Plaintiffs. Id. at 24. 5 The Court denied the motion to compel arbitration as to the remaining Named Plaintiffs 6 and as to Plaintiff Atebar’s Galaxy Note5. However, when they filed their motion to compel 7 arbitration, Defendants also filed a motion to dismiss under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8 12(b)(1), 12(b)(2), and 12(b)(6). ECF 69. Pursuant to that motion, on March 30, 2018, the Court 9 dismissed all the claims that had not been compelled to arbitration. ECF 88. The Court granted 10 Plaintiffs leave to amend, but first stayed the entire case pending arbitration of the claims that had 11 been compelled to arbitration. ECF 87 at 25. Plaintiffs were to amend their complaint within 30 12 days of termination of the stay. ECF 88 at 7. 13 Having stayed the case, the Court administratively closed the file on April 14, 2018. ECF 14 90. The parties were “directed to file a joint status report within seven days of the resolution of 15 the arbitration” in which they “shall advise the Court whether the action should be reopened.” Id. 16 Six Named Plaintiffs now move to reinstate the case as to the claims that were not 17 compelled to arbitration. ECF 93 (“Pl. Mot.”). These Named Plaintiffs are: Omar Atebar (as to 18 the Galaxy Note5), Dior Dee, Tomas Hernandez, Eric Pirverdian, Tomig Salmasian, and Jesus 19 Sanchez. See id.; ECF 93-2 at 11. Plaintiffs represent that “[t]he cases that the Court compelled 20 to arbitration are either no longer being pursued or have been resolved.” ECF 93-1 at. 2-3. 21 Accordingly, they now want to proceed with the remaining claims. Defendants not only oppose 22 Plaintiffs’ motion to reinstate the case, they have also filed their own motion to dismiss the case 23 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) for failure to prosecute. ECF 96 (“Def. Mot.”). 24 According to Defendants, “nothing [has] happened for almost two years”—that is, Plaintiffs did 25 not pursue the claims that were compelled to arbitration. Def. Mot. at 3. Below, the Court 26 resolves both motions. 27 II. LEGAL STANDARD 1 Plaintiffs’ motion to reinstate the case is purely administrative; it is Defendants’ motion to 2 dismiss for lack of prosecution that requires analysis. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) 3 provides that “[i]f the plaintiff fails to prosecute . . . a defendant may move to dismiss the action or 4 any claim against it.” The Ninth Circuit has identified the following five factors that a court must 5 weigh in determining whether to dismiss a case for lack of prosecution: “(1) the public’s interest 6 in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of 7 prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits and 8 (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions.” Sw. Marine Inc. v. Danzig, 217 F.3d 1128, 1138 (9th 9 Cir. 2000). Further, the Ninth Circuit has said that “[t]here must also be a showing of 10 unreasonable delay.” Al-Torki v. Kaempen, 78 F.3d 1381, 1384 (9th Cir. 1996). It is appropriate 11 to consider unreasonable delay under the third factor, the risk of prejudice to the defendants, 12 because “[t]he law presumes injury from unreasonable delay.” Danzig, 217 F.3d at 1138. 13 “However, this presumption of prejudice is a rebuttable one.” Id. 14 Although a district court must consider these factors, the court “is not required to make 15 explicit findings on the essential factors.” Al-Torki, 78 F.3d at 1384. Furthermore, the ultimate 16 decision whether to dismiss the case is committed to the district court’s sound discretion. Ferdik 17 v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992). “Because dismissal is a harsh penalty,” 18 however, it is appropriate only in extreme circumstances.” Hernandez v. City of El Monte, 138 19 F.3d 393, 400 (9th Cir. 1998) (internal quotations and alterations omitted). 20 III. DISCUSSION 21 Turning to the instant motions, the Court addresses each of the five factors described 22 above. The first and second factors are easily dealt with. As the Ninth Circuit has said repeatedly, 23 the first factor—“the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation”—“always favors 24 dismissal.” Pagtalunan v. Galaza, 291 F.3d 639, 642 (9th Cir. 2002). The same is true of the 25 second factor, the court’s need to manage its docket. This case was originally filed November 26 2016—over three years ago—yet has failed to advance past the pleading stage. Moreover, it is a 27 class action spanning multiple states and products, and thus has the potential to consume 1 significant time and energy from the Court. 2 The third factor is the risk of prejudice to Defendants. Defendants argue both that 3 Plaintiffs’ have engaged in an “unreasonable delay”—meriting a presumption of prejudice—and 4 that actual prejudice is present in this case. First, as to unreasonable delay, Defendants say that 5 “there was no communication from Plaintiffs’ counsel to Defendants’ counsel at all for over year 6 after the Court’s rulings.” Def. Mot. at 3 (citing ECF 96-1 (“Katerberg Decl.”) ¶ 6). It was not 7 until April 2019 that Plaintiffs’ counsel reached out to Defendants’ counsel, and even then only to 8 discuss one of the Named Plaintiffs’ claims (Plaintiff Holzworth). Id. at 3 n.2 (citing Katerberg 9 Decl. ¶ 7).
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1 2 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 4 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 5 SAN JOSE DIVISION 6 7 IN RE SAMSUNG GALAXY Case No. 16-cv-06391-BLF SMARTPHONE MARKETING AND 8 SALES PRACTICES LITIGATION ORDER RE PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION TO 9 REINSTATE ADMINISTRATIVELY CLOSED CASE AND DEFENDANTS’ 10 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF PROSECUTION 11 [Re: ECF 93, 96] 12 13 This is a putative class action concerning various models of smartphones manufactured by 14 Defendants Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and Samsung Electronics America, Inc. The entire suit 15 is currently stayed and the file is administratively closed. Before the Court are two motions: 16 Plaintiffs’ motion to reinstate the case and Defendants’ motion to dismiss the case for lack of 17 prosecution. As explained below, the Court will GRANT Plaintiffs’ motion and DENY 18 Defendants’ motion. 19 I. BACKGROUND 20 This case has been stayed since April 13, 2018. ECF 90. Plaintiffs filed the most recent 21 complaint—the First Amended Complaint (“FAC”)—in August 2017. ECF 65 (“FAC”). In it, 22 Plaintiffs alleged that Defendants were aware of overheating problems with various models of the 23 smartphones they manufacture and sell, yet failed to fix the problems or warn customers of the 24 dangers posed. See id. The FAC was brought by 15 Named Plaintiffs, each of whom had 25 purchased at least one of six models of Samsung phones—the Galaxy S7, the Galaxy S7 Edge, the 26 Galaxy S6, the Galaxy S6 Edge, the Galaxy S6 Edge+, and the Galaxy Note5. See id. 27 Defendants soon filed a motion to compel arbitration, ECF 67, which the Court granted in 1 Martin, Atebar (as to the Galaxy S71), Esther Vega, Holzworth, Kouyoumdjian, and Raymond, 2 who the Court concluded had adequate notice of the arbitration agreement. Id. at 25. Because the 3 arbitration agreement included a class action waiver, the Court also granted Defendants’ motion to 4 dismiss the class action claims of these six Named Plaintiffs. Id. at 24. 5 The Court denied the motion to compel arbitration as to the remaining Named Plaintiffs 6 and as to Plaintiff Atebar’s Galaxy Note5. However, when they filed their motion to compel 7 arbitration, Defendants also filed a motion to dismiss under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8 12(b)(1), 12(b)(2), and 12(b)(6). ECF 69. Pursuant to that motion, on March 30, 2018, the Court 9 dismissed all the claims that had not been compelled to arbitration. ECF 88. The Court granted 10 Plaintiffs leave to amend, but first stayed the entire case pending arbitration of the claims that had 11 been compelled to arbitration. ECF 87 at 25. Plaintiffs were to amend their complaint within 30 12 days of termination of the stay. ECF 88 at 7. 13 Having stayed the case, the Court administratively closed the file on April 14, 2018. ECF 14 90. The parties were “directed to file a joint status report within seven days of the resolution of 15 the arbitration” in which they “shall advise the Court whether the action should be reopened.” Id. 16 Six Named Plaintiffs now move to reinstate the case as to the claims that were not 17 compelled to arbitration. ECF 93 (“Pl. Mot.”). These Named Plaintiffs are: Omar Atebar (as to 18 the Galaxy Note5), Dior Dee, Tomas Hernandez, Eric Pirverdian, Tomig Salmasian, and Jesus 19 Sanchez. See id.; ECF 93-2 at 11. Plaintiffs represent that “[t]he cases that the Court compelled 20 to arbitration are either no longer being pursued or have been resolved.” ECF 93-1 at. 2-3. 21 Accordingly, they now want to proceed with the remaining claims. Defendants not only oppose 22 Plaintiffs’ motion to reinstate the case, they have also filed their own motion to dismiss the case 23 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) for failure to prosecute. ECF 96 (“Def. Mot.”). 24 According to Defendants, “nothing [has] happened for almost two years”—that is, Plaintiffs did 25 not pursue the claims that were compelled to arbitration. Def. Mot. at 3. Below, the Court 26 resolves both motions. 27 II. LEGAL STANDARD 1 Plaintiffs’ motion to reinstate the case is purely administrative; it is Defendants’ motion to 2 dismiss for lack of prosecution that requires analysis. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) 3 provides that “[i]f the plaintiff fails to prosecute . . . a defendant may move to dismiss the action or 4 any claim against it.” The Ninth Circuit has identified the following five factors that a court must 5 weigh in determining whether to dismiss a case for lack of prosecution: “(1) the public’s interest 6 in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of 7 prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits and 8 (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions.” Sw. Marine Inc. v. Danzig, 217 F.3d 1128, 1138 (9th 9 Cir. 2000). Further, the Ninth Circuit has said that “[t]here must also be a showing of 10 unreasonable delay.” Al-Torki v. Kaempen, 78 F.3d 1381, 1384 (9th Cir. 1996). It is appropriate 11 to consider unreasonable delay under the third factor, the risk of prejudice to the defendants, 12 because “[t]he law presumes injury from unreasonable delay.” Danzig, 217 F.3d at 1138. 13 “However, this presumption of prejudice is a rebuttable one.” Id. 14 Although a district court must consider these factors, the court “is not required to make 15 explicit findings on the essential factors.” Al-Torki, 78 F.3d at 1384. Furthermore, the ultimate 16 decision whether to dismiss the case is committed to the district court’s sound discretion. Ferdik 17 v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992). “Because dismissal is a harsh penalty,” 18 however, it is appropriate only in extreme circumstances.” Hernandez v. City of El Monte, 138 19 F.3d 393, 400 (9th Cir. 1998) (internal quotations and alterations omitted). 20 III. DISCUSSION 21 Turning to the instant motions, the Court addresses each of the five factors described 22 above. The first and second factors are easily dealt with. As the Ninth Circuit has said repeatedly, 23 the first factor—“the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation”—“always favors 24 dismissal.” Pagtalunan v. Galaza, 291 F.3d 639, 642 (9th Cir. 2002). The same is true of the 25 second factor, the court’s need to manage its docket. This case was originally filed November 26 2016—over three years ago—yet has failed to advance past the pleading stage. Moreover, it is a 27 class action spanning multiple states and products, and thus has the potential to consume 1 significant time and energy from the Court. 2 The third factor is the risk of prejudice to Defendants. Defendants argue both that 3 Plaintiffs’ have engaged in an “unreasonable delay”—meriting a presumption of prejudice—and 4 that actual prejudice is present in this case. First, as to unreasonable delay, Defendants say that 5 “there was no communication from Plaintiffs’ counsel to Defendants’ counsel at all for over year 6 after the Court’s rulings.” Def. Mot. at 3 (citing ECF 96-1 (“Katerberg Decl.”) ¶ 6). It was not 7 until April 2019 that Plaintiffs’ counsel reached out to Defendants’ counsel, and even then only to 8 discuss one of the Named Plaintiffs’ claims (Plaintiff Holzworth). Id. at 3 n.2 (citing Katerberg 9 Decl. ¶ 7). A confidential resolution of Plaintiff Holzworth’s claims was ultimately reached in 10 October or November 2019. Id. at 3 n.2 (citing Katerberg Decl. ¶ 7); see ECF 99 (“Murphy 11 Decl.”) ¶ 2. According to Defendants, Plaintiffs then “went dark again” until the filing of their 12 motion to reinstate in February 2020; i.e., Plaintiffs’ counsel did not reach out to meet and confer 13 prior to filing the motion. Def. Mot. at 4 n.2 (citing Katerberg Decl. ¶ 9). 14 Plaintiffs do not materially dispute this timeline.2 Nor do they attempt to explain the delay 15 from November 2019—when Plaintiff Holzworth’s claims were resolved—to February 2020— 16 when Plaintiffs filed the motion to reinstate. At the hearing, Plaintiffs’ counsel conceded that they 17 should have filed their motion sooner, in the spirit of the Court’s instruction to “file a joint status 18 report within seven days of the resolution of the arbitration.” As for the period from April 2018 to 19 April 2019, Plaintiffs’ counsel explains that they were conferring with the various other plaintiffs’ 20 firms involved in the case and consulting with their clients as to whether they wanted to pursue 21 individual arbitration. Plaintiffs’ counsel emphasizes that there is no obligation for the Named 22 Plaintiffs compelled to arbitration to actually pursue arbitration, and that the decision whether to 23 do so required weighing the potential costs and benefits. 24 These explanations are far from compelling. Although it is true that Plaintiffs were not 25 required to pursue arbitration, Plaintiffs have failed to justify their delay in deciding whether to 26 pursue arbitration and notifying Defendants and the Court of that decision. 27 1 Nevertheless, the Court agrees with Plaintiffs that the actual prejudice to Defendants 2 appears minimal. “[P]rejudice itself usually takes two forms—loss of evidence and loss of 3 memory by a witness.” In re Eisen, 31 F.3d 1447, 1453 (9th Cir. 1994) (internal quotations 4 omitted). “Whether the prejudice is significant will depend on whether the plaintiff's actions 5 impair the defendant's ability to go to trial or threaten to interfere with the rightful decision of the 6 case.” Id. (internal quotations omitted). Although Defendants claim that the “detailed technical 7 information from third-party manufacturers” will be less accessible, the Court is not persuaded 8 that is the case. Def. Mot. at 9. Such documentary evidence is unlikely to have been destroyed, 9 particularly as the phone models at issue are only about five years old. Moreover, as Plaintiffs 10 point out, Defendants have long been aware of the factual allegations brought by the instant 11 Named Plaintiffs. In the absence of a more concrete showing of prejudice by Defendants, the 12 Court does not believe any prejudice will be significant. 13 In sum, the Court finds that although Plaintiffs indisputably delayed in pursuing the claims 14 compelled to arbitration, that delay has not resulted in significant prejudice to Defendants as to the 15 nonarbitrable claims. The third factor therefore weighs in favor of dismissal, but not strongly. See 16 Dreith v. Nu Image, Inc., 648 F.3d 779, 788 (9th Cir. 2011) (“In order to warrant a sanction of 17 dismissal, the party’s violations of the court’s orders must be due to wilfulness or bad faith.”). 18 Next is the fourth factor, “the policy favoring disposition of cases on the merits.” This 19 factor “normally weighs against dismissal,” In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Prod. Liab. Litig., 20 460 F.3d 1217, 1237 (9th Cir. 2006), and the Court believes it does here as well. It is true, as 21 Defendants point out, that this factor “‘lends little support’ to a party whose responsibility it is to 22 move a case toward disposition on the merits but whose conduct impedes progress in that 23 direction.” Id. at 1228 (quoted at Def. Mot at 10). Such reasoning would have some force here if 24 the Named Plaintiffs who were compelled to arbitration were now trying to reopen the case (e.g., 25 as to claims that were not arbitrable). However, five of the six Named Plaintiffs seeking to resume 26 litigation were not compelled to arbitration but were nevertheless required to await the arbitration 27 of other plaintiffs’ claims before making progress toward “disposition on the merits.” Thus, 1 Plaintiffs currently before the Court are less culpable for failing to move their claims forward. 2 || The Court finds that the policy favoring disposition of on the merits weighs squarely against 3 dismissal. 4 Finally, as to the fifth factor, the Ninth Circuit has said that a court “abuses its discretion if 5 it imposes a sanction of dismissal without first considering the impact of the sanction and the 6 adequacy of less drastic sanctions.” In re PPA Prod. Liab. Litig., 460 F.3d at 1228. Here, neither 7 party has identified an alternative sanction that might be appropriate in light of the procedural 8 || posture of the case. Still, the Court is mindful that it did not have the opportunity to warn 9 Plaintiffs of the possibility of dismissal prior to considering dismissal. See id. (explaining that 10 || whether the court “warn[ed] the plaintiff of the possibility of dismissal before actually ordering 11 dismissal” is relevant to this factor). On the other hand, the Ninth Circuit has indicated that this 12 || factor is less influential when the dismissal is in response to a noticed motion rather than sua 5 13 || sponte. See id. Moreover, Plaintiffs’ counsel is an experienced firm and should have been aware 14 || of the possibility of dismissal. All told, the Court does not believe that “the availability of less 15 drastic sanctions” cuts strongly in either direction. 16 Having weighed the above factors, the Court finds that they do not all weigh strongly in 3 17 || favor of dismissal. Although Plaintiffs’ conduct has been far from diligent, these circumstances S 18 are not sufficiently “extreme” to merit the “harsh penalty” of dismissal. City of El Monte, 138 19 F.3d at 400. Accordingly, the Court DENIES Defendants’ motion to dismiss; the six Named 20 || Plaintiffs seeking to reinstate their claims will be permitted to do so. 21 || IV. ORDER 22 For the foregoing reasons, Defendants’ motion to dismiss is DENIED and Plaintiffs’ 23 || motion to reinstate the case is GRANTED. The stay in this case is hereby lifted. Plaintiffs must 24 || file their Second Amended Complaint by May 11, 2020. 25 || ISSO ORDERED. 26 || Dated: May 4, 2020 hah Lh han in) 27 M BETH LABSON FREEMAN 28 United States District Judge