In Re: SageCrest II LLC
Opinion
18-1208 In re: SageCrest II LLC, et al.
18‐1208‐bk In re: SageCrest II LLC, et al.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURTʹS LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ʺSUMMARY ORDERʺ). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the sixth day of March, two thousand nineteen.
PRESENT: BARRINGTON D. PARKER, DENNY CHIN,
RICHARD J. SULLIVAN,
Circuit Judges.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐x
IN RE: SAGECREST II LLC and SAGECREST HOLDING LIMITED, Debtor,
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐x
EQUAL OVERSEAS CONSULTING, LTD, Creditor‐Appellant,
v. 18‐1208‐bk
JOHN D. HUBER, Trustee of the SageCrest Liquidating Trust, Debtor‐Appellee.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐x
FOR CREDITOR‐APPELLANT: KEVIN J. NASH (Joseph T. Donovan, on the brief), Goldberg Weprin Finkel Goldstein LLP, New York, New York.
FOR DEBTOR‐APPELLEE: LAURENCE MAY, Eiseman Levine Lehrhaupt & Kakoyiannis, P.C., New York, New York.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (Bolden, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Creditor‐appellant Equal Overseas Consulting, Ltd (ʺEqualʺ) appeals from the district courtʹs judgment entered March 31, 2018, affirming the order of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (Shiff, B.J.) entered December 23, 2015. In its order, issued after a two‐day trial, the bankruptcy court sustained the objection of debtor SageCrest II LLC (ʺSageCrestʺ) to Equalʹs proof of claim, holding that the consulting agreement upon which Equalʹs claim was based was unenforceable. We assume the partiesʹ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.
This case arises out of two agreements involving a hotel property located in Canada. In October 2006, during bankruptcy proceedings in Canada, a Canadian court received offers for the purchase of the property. Two bidders, SageCrest and Jean‐Daniel Cohen (ʺCohenʺ), entered into an agreement (the ʺSettlement Agreementʺ),
pursuant to which Cohen and his affiliate, Equal Group, agreed to withdraw their financial support of a competing bid and to refrain from submitting their own bid or supporting any alternative bid. In return, SageCrest agreed to pay Cohen a ʺfixed retainerʺ of $1.369 million when SageCrest Dixon, Inc. (ʺDixonʺ), an affiliated entity, took ownership of the property; a fixed retainer of $1.379 million one year later; and an $850,000 consulting fee. Appx. at 554.1 On October 20, 2006, SageCrest resubmitted its bid for the property, but neither SageCrest nor Cohen informed the Canadian court of the Settlement Agreement. The Canadian court thereafter approved SageCrestʹs bid, and SageCrest acquired the property.
In December 2006, as contemplated by the Settlement Agreement, SageCrest and Cohen entered into a consulting agreement (the ʺConsulting Agreementʺ) that named Equal Group as SageCrestʹs redevelopment consultant and incorporated the Settlement Agreementʹs payment provisions. The Consulting Agreement also contained a choice‐of‐law provision, stipulating that Canadian law governed.
In 2008, SageCrest and Dixon separately filed for bankruptcy in the District of Connecticut; their cases were jointly administered. On September 23, 2008, Equal filed a proof of claim ‐‐ the subject of this appeal ‐‐ based on SageCrestʹs failure to make the second retainer and consulting payments required by the Consulting
1 All currency figures are stated in Canadian dollars.
Agreement. The bankruptcy court, choosing not to determine which law applied, held that under both Canadian and American law the Consulting Agreement was unenforceable because it was the product of collusion and was not supported by consideration. On March 30, 2018, the district court affirmed, holding that American law applied and the Consulting Agreement was the product of collusion and therefore unenforceable. The district court did not reach the question of consideration. Judgment was entered thereafter, and this appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Three issues are presented: whether (1) American or Canadian law applies; (2) the Consulting Agreement was the product of collusion; and (3) the Consulting Agreement lacks consideration. ʺThe rulings of a district court acting as an appellate court in a bankruptcy case are subject to plenary review.ʺ In re Stoltz, 315 F.3d 80, 87 (2d Cir. 2002). Accordingly, ʺwe review the bankruptcy court decision independently, accepting its factual findings unless clearly erroneous but reviewing its conclusions of law de novo.ʺ In re Baker, 604 F.3d 727, 729 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). ʺAdditionally, we may affirm on any ground that finds support in the record.ʺ In re Lehman Bros. Holdings Inc., 761 F.3d 303, 308 (2d Cir. 2014). 1. Choice of Law Equalʹs principal argument on appeal is that Canadian law should apply per the Consulting Agreementʹs choice‐of‐law provision, rather than American law, the
law of the forum. The bankruptcy court did not resolve the choice‐of‐law issue based on its conclusion that ʺthe same result follows with the application of either.ʺ S. Appx. at 11. The district court, by contrast, concluded that American law applies. Whether there is a conflict of law issue is a legal question. See In re Air Crash Off Long Island, 209 F.3d 200, 225 (2d Cir. 2000) (Sotomayor, J., dissenting) (including conflict of law issues as a type of legal question). We agree with the bankruptcy court that no conflict exists because, as discussed below, the Consulting Agreement is unenforceable under both Canadian and American law.2 2. Collusion The bankruptcy court held that the Consulting Agreement was not enforceable under the doctrine of in pari delicto, which is recognized under both American and Canadian law. See, e.g., Republic of Iraq v. ABB AG, 768 F.3d 145, 160 (2d Cir. 2014); Cement LaFarge v. B.C. Lightweight Aggregate, 1 S.C.R. 452, 476 (S.C.C. 1983). Under the in pari delicto doctrine, ʺa plaintiff who has participated in wrongdoing equally with another person may not recover from that other person damages resulting
2 The district court concluded that enforcing the choice‐of‐law clause would violate public policy. See Roby v. Corp. of Lloydʹs, 996 F.2d 1353, 1362‐63 (2d Cir. 1993) (holding a court should consider whether a ʺclause[] contravene[s] a strong public policy of the forum stateʺ in determining if it is unreasonable)). While we agree that enforcing the Settlement Agreement as a whole contravenes public policy because it was the product of collusion, we are doubtful that enforcing the choice‐of‐law clause ‐‐ i.e., applying Canadian law ‐‐ would contravene public policy. In light of our disposition of the question of collusion, we need not decide whether the district court was correct as to the enforceability of the choice‐of‐law clause.
from the wrongdoing.ʺ Republic of Iraq, 768 F.3d at 160; see also Hall v. Hebert, 2 S.C.R. 159, 173 (S.C.C. 1999) (holding that the in pari delicto doctrine prevents recovery from an illegal contract).
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
In Re: SageCrest II LLC (In Re: SageCrest II LLC) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.