In re R.E.-R.

2024 Ohio 5445

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 15, 2024
• Docket: 2024 CA 0026, 2024 CA 0029
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as In re R.E.-R., 2024-Ohio-5445.]

COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

IN RE: R.E.-R. : JUDGES: : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. : Hon. Andrew J. King, J. : : Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 : 2024 CA 0029 : : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 2023-AB-0001

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: November 15, 2024

APPEARANCES:

For Appellant Father For Appellee FCCPS

DAVID A. TAWNEY GENYLYNN COSGROVE 117 West Main Street 239 West Main Street Suite 210-B Suite 101 Lancaster, OH 43130 Lancaster, OH 43130

For Appellant Mother Guardian Ad Litem

JAMES S. SWEENEY WILLIAM HOLT 285 South Liberty Street P.O. Box 2252 Powell, OH 43065 Lancaster, OH 43130

For Child

CEDRIC COLLINS P.O. Box 564 Pickerington, OH 43147 Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 2

King, J.

{¶ 1} Appellant father, I.R., and appellant mother, M.R. aka as M.E., appeal the

June 10, 2024 decision of the Court of Common Pleas of Fairfield County, Ohio, Juvenile

Division, terminating their parental rights and granting permanent custody of the child to

appellee, Fairfield County Child Protective Services ("FCCPS"). We affirm the trial court.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶ 2} On January 5, 2023, FCCPS filed a complaint for the temporary custody of

R.E.-R. born February 2013. Mother and father of the child are married and the appellants

in this case. The initial concerns centered on the child not receiving proper medical care

for a severe arm injury and mother's mental health. The child was placed in shelter care

on January 5, 2023. Case plans were filed and agreed to by the parents.

{¶ 3} An agreed adjudicatory and dispositional hearing was held on April 4, 2023.

The trial court found the child to be dependent and continued the child's temporary

custody with FCCPS.

{¶ 4} Case reviews were held on August 1, and November 16, 2023, and January

4, 2024. On March 28, 2024, FCCPS filed a motion for permanent custody of the child.

Another case review was held on April 9, 2024. Hearings on the permanent custody

motion were held on May 31, and June 5, 2024. By decision filed June 10, 2024, the trial

court terminated all parental rights and granted permanent custody of the child to FCCPS.

{¶ 5} Each parent filed appeals. Father assigned the following errors (Case No.

2024 CA 0026): Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 3

FATHER I

{¶ 6} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE MINOR CHILD

COULD NOT BE PLACED WITH THE APPELLANT WITHIN A REASONABLE LENGTH

OF TIME."

FATHER II

{¶ 7} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THERE WAS

SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO GRANT THE MOTION FOR PERMANENT CUSTODY."

{¶ 8} Mother assigned the following error (Case No. 2024 CA 0029):

MOTHER I

{¶ 9} "THE JUVENILE COURT ERRED IN TERMINATING MOTHER'S

PARENTAL RIGHTS AND GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY OF R.E. TO FCCPS."

FATHER I AND II, MOTHER I

{¶ 10} Father and mother claim the trial court erred in granting permanent custody

of the child to FCCPS. We disagree.

{¶ 11} R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) states permanent custody may be granted if the trial

court determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best interest of the

child and:

(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned . . . and the child cannot

be placed with either of the child's parents within a reasonable time or

should not be placed with the child's parents.

(b) The child is abandoned. Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 4

(c) The child is orphaned, and there are no relatives of the child who

are able to take permanent custody.

(d) The child has been in the temporary custody of one or more public

children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or

more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period . . . .

(e) The child or another child in the custody of the parent or parents

from whose custody the child has been removed has been adjudicated an

abused, neglected, or dependent child on three separate occasions by any

court in this state or another state.

{¶ 12} Clear and convincing evidence is that evidence "which will provide in the

mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established."

Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954), paragraph three of the syllabus. See In re

Adoption of Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361 (1985). "Where the degree of proof required to

sustain an issue must be clear and convincing, a reviewing court will examine the record

to determine whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the

requisite degree of proof." Cross at 477.

{¶ 13} R.C. 2151.414(E) sets out the factors relevant to determining whether a

child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable period of time or should not

be placed with the parents. Said section states in pertinent part the following:

(E) In determining at a hearing held pursuant to division (A) of this

section or for the purposes of division (A)(4) of section 2151.353 of the Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 5

Revised Code whether a child cannot be placed with either parent within a

reasonable period of time or should not be placed with the parents, the court

shall consider all relevant evidence. If the court determines, by clear and

convincing evidence, at a hearing held pursuant to division (A) of this

section or for the purposes of division (A)(4) of section 2151.353 of the

Revised Code that one or more of the following exist as to each of the child's

parents, the court shall enter a finding that the child cannot be placed with

either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with either

parent:

(1) Following the placement of the child outside the child's home and

notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the agency

to assist the parents to remedy the problems that initially caused the child

to be placed outside the home, the parent has failed continuously and

repeatedly to substantially remedy the conditions causing the child to be

placed outside the child's home. In determining whether the parents have

substantially remedied those conditions, the court shall consider parental

utilization of medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other social and

rehabilitative services and material resources that were made available to

the parents for the purpose of changing parental conduct to allow them to

resume and maintain parental duties.

(8) The parent has repeatedly withheld medical treatment or food

from the child when the parent has the means to provide the treatment or

food, and, in the case of withheld medical treatment, the parent withheld it Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 6

for a purpose other than to treat the physical or mental illness or disability

of the child by spiritual means through prayer alone in accordance with the

tenets of a recognized religious body.

(9) The parent has placed the child at substantial risk of harm two or

more times due to alcohol or drug abuse and has rejected treatment two or

more times or refused to participate in further treatment two or more times

after a case plan issued pursuant to section 2151.412 of the Revised Code

requiring treatment of the parent was journalized as part of a dispositional

order issued with respect to the child or an order was issued by any other

court requiring treatment of the parent.

(16) Any other factor the court considers relevant.

{¶ 14} R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) sets forth the factors a trial court shall consider in

determining the best interest of a child:

(D)(1) In determining the best interest of a child at a hearing held

pursuant to division (A) of this section or for the purposes of division (A)(4)

or (5) of section 2151.353 or division (C) of section 2151.415 of the Revised

Code, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited

to, the following:

(a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's

parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home providers,

and any other person who may significantly affect the child; Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 7

(b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or

through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the

child;

(c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has

been in the temporary custody of one or more public children services

agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a

consecutive twenty-two-month period . . . ;

(d) The child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and

whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of

permanent custody to the agency;

(e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this section

apply in relation to the parents and child.

{¶ 15} During the hearings, the trial court heard from mother's mental health

evaluator, two family caseworkers, the ongoing services manager, the child's school-

based family services counselor, a visitation supervisor, father, and the guardian ad litem.

Father attended both hearings, mother did not appear. Two Spanish language

interpreters were provided to father. T. at 6. As explained by our colleagues from the

Second District in In re A.J.S. & R.S., 2007-Ohio-3433, ¶ 22 (2d Dist.):

Accordingly, issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the

weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. In this

regard, "[t]he underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 8

trial court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view

the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections,

and use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered

testimony." Seasons Coal Co., Inc. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77,

80, 461 N.E.2d 1273. Finally, an appellate court must adhere to every

reasonable presumption in favor of the trial court's judgment and findings of

fact. In re Brodbeck, 97 Ohio App.3d 652, 659, 647 N.E.2d 240, citing

Gerijo, Inc. v. Fairfield (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 223, 226, 1994-Ohio-432, 638

N.E.2d 533.

{¶ 16} Further, " 'the discretion which the juvenile court enjoys in determining

whether an order of permanent custody is in the best interest of a child should be

accorded the utmost respect, given the nature of the proceeding and the impact the

court's determination will have on the lives of the parties concerned.' " In re Mauzy

Children, 2000 WL 1700073, *2 (5th Dist. Nov. 13, 2000), quoting In re Awkal, 95 Ohio

App.3d 309 (8th Dist. 1994).

{¶ 17} The parents stipulated that the child had been in the temporary custody of

the agency for twelve or more months of a consecutive 22-month period. R.C.

2151.414(B)(1)(d); T. at 8-15; Exhibit A. With this stipulation, "it was not necessary for

the trial court to also make a finding that the minor child could not be returned within a

reasonable time." In re T.B., 2015-Ohio-2214, ¶ 38, citing In re: C.W., 2004-Ohio-6411,

¶ 21. Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 9

{¶ 18} The case plans provided for several services to help the parents. In its

decision, the trial court went through a thorough and lengthy discussion on mother's case

plan and her mental health history, outlining the services provided to her, her lack of

compliance, inappropriate visitations, and inability to complete the case plan objectives.

June 10, 2024 Decision at ¶ 29-47, 61-64, 87-88, 91. All of the trial court's findings are

extensively supported in the record. T. at 31-43, 54, 74-77, 78-90, 94-99, 111-112, 116-

117, 165, 168-171, 182-183, 185, 204, 208-210; Exhibit B.

{¶ 19} Father was more compliant, but was unable to protect the child from mother.

June 10, 2024 Decision at ¶ 48-49, 51-55, 87-88, 91. Father was unable to obtain a

mental health assessment because he did not have a social security number or driver's

license. Id. at ¶ 50, 65-68. Agency efforts to help him obtain those documents were

unsuccessful because father could not produce necessary paperwork. Again, all of the

trial court's findings are amply supported in the record. T. at 55-62, 75-77, 90-91, 101-

111, 112-116, 117-119, 131-134, 166, 172-175, 183-185, 193-194, 196-198, 205, 215-

216, 218-219, 241-251, 257-259, 281.

{¶ 20} The trial court analyzed reasonable efforts and concluded notwithstanding

reasonable case planning and FCCPS's diligent efforts, mother and father have

continuously and repeatedly failed to "substantially remedy the conditions causing the

child to be placed outside the home" and for the child to remain with either parent "would

be contrary to the welfare of the child." June 10, 2024 Decision at ¶ 64, 68.

{¶ 21} As for best interests, the trial court found mother "is simply not safe" for the

child and provided numerous examples. Id. at ¶ 82, 87-88, 91. The trial count found

father has a loving relationship with the child, but resides with mother, relies on mother Fairfield County, Case Nos. 2024 CA 0026 & 2024 CA 0029 10

for transportation, housing, and income, and does not intervene to protect the child from

mother and cited several examples. Id. The child has resided with a foster family for well

over a year, has bonded with the family, and desires to remain with the family. Id. at ¶

82-84. The child would like his father to move in with the foster family, but does not ask

to return home. Id. at ¶ 83. The trial court concluded the child needed a safe and stable

environment where the child's needs would be met on a consistent basis. Id. at 85.

Significantly, the trial court noted father admitted that he could not assure that the child

would receive medical care or attend school, and he did not see how mother's mental

illness affected the child and "everything seems normal." Id. The trial court's findings are

supported in the record. T. at 98-101, 123, 125-127, 152-156, 158-160, 241-246, 249-

250, 281, 304-305. The guardian ad litem recommended permanent custody of the child

to FCCPS. T. at 294-295, 297, 305-306.

{¶ 22} Based upon the testimony presented, we do not find the trial court erred in

terminating appellants' parental rights and granting permanent custody of the child to

FCCPS. We find abundant sufficient evidence to support the trial court's decision.

{¶ 23} The assignments of error are denied.

{¶ 24} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Fairfield County, Ohio,

Juvenile Division, is hereby affirmed.

By King, J.

Delaney, P.J. and

Baldwin, J. concur.