In re Pers. Restraint of Schley

421 P.3d 951
CourtWashington Supreme Court
DecidedJuly 26, 2018
Docket94280-3
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 421 P.3d 951 (In re Pers. Restraint of Schley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Washington Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re Pers. Restraint of Schley, 421 P.3d 951 (Wash. 2018).

Opinions

OWENS, J.

*954¶1 This case properly presents one issue: after a trial court imposes a drug offender sentencing alternative (DOSA), what evidentiary standard does due process impose on the Department of Corrections (Department) when revoking that sentence? Our legislature enacted the DOSA statute as a "treatment-oriented" alternative to a standard range sentence of confinement. LAWS OF 1995, ch. 108 pmbl. If a trial court finds that the sentencing alternative is "appropriate" for an individual, half of the sentence is suspended and the person is provided with substance abuse treatment, within available resources. RCW 9.94A.660(3), .662(2). This special sentencing alternative has been found to "significantly lower[ ] recidivism rates for drug offenders" and provides benefits of $7 to $10 for every dollar the state spends on drug offenders given a DOSA sentence. ELIZABETH DRAKE, WASH. STATE INST . FOR PUB. POLICY, WASHINGTON'S DRUG OFFENDER SENTENCING ALTERNATIVE: AN UPDATE ON RECIDIVISM FINDINGS 1, 4 (Dec. 2006) (boldface omitted). Matthew Schley's DOSA was revoked by the Department based on a fighting infraction that was proved only by the some evidence standard. Schley filed a personal restraint petition alleging that the DOSA revocation hearing violated his right to due process because the Department failed to prove the fighting infraction by the higher proof standard required at revocation hearings, preponderance of the evidence. The Court of Appeals granted relief, holding that a fact that necessarily results in DOSA revocation must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence. We affirm the Court of Appeals.

PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL HISTORY

¶2 Matthew Schley was sentenced under the DOSA statute after pleading guilty to first degree theft and second degree burglary. RCW 9.94A.660. This special sentencing alternative allows the court to waive half of the midpoint of the standard sentence range and instead impose a term of community custody. RCW 9.94A.662(1). Accordingly, Schley was sentenced to 29.75 months of incarceration with chemical dependency treatment services and 29.75 months of community custody that included a substance abuse treatment program. The DOSA statute provides that if a DOSA recipient fails to complete the treatment program or is administratively terminated from the program, then the Department shall revoke the DOSA. RCW 9.94A.662(3). If the DOSA is revoked, then the term of community custody is struck and the offender will serve the remainder of his or her sentence in prison. Id.

¶3 Just a week into his prison-based chemical dependency treatment, Schley received a fighting infraction. According to the Department, Schley argued with another offender, attempted to punch him but missed, and then grabbed his throat and arm. The other offender admitted to punching and kicking Schley after Schley grabbed his throat and arm. At the prison disciplinary hearing, Schley denied the allegations and submitted witness statements from five other DOSA recipients stating they did not see any altercation between him and the other offender. Nonetheless, the hearing officer found him guilty under the some evidence standard and sentenced him to 15 days in segregation and a loss of 15 days of good conduct time.

*955¶4 The fighting infraction set the stage for swift revocation of Schley's DOSA. The day after the prison disciplinary hearing, the clinical staff terminated Schley from the treatment program for the fighting infraction. The Department then held a hearing to determine whether Schley's DOSA should be revoked. At the DOSA revocation hearing, the Department hearing officer found Schley guilty of infraction 762: "[f]ailing to complete or administrative termination from a DOSA substance abuse treatment program." WAC 137-25-030. Schley, representing himself, argued that he had a right to challenge the fighting infraction before his DOSA could be revoked. The hearing officer stated that the only issue before her was whether he had been administratively terminated from treatment.

¶5 The hearing officer found by a preponderance of the evidence that the clinical staff had indeed terminated Schley from treatment and consequently revoked Schley's DOSA. By revoking his DOSA, Schley lost access to treatment and was sentenced to serve the remainder of his 5-year sentence in prison. This meant that his 29.75 months of community custody was converted to time in prison without substance abuse treatment. An appeals panel affirmed the revocation, holding it lacked jurisdiction to review the fighting infraction issue. This decision was affirmed by a risk management director.

¶6 Schley filed a personal restraint petition in the Court of Appeals, challenging the DOSA revocation on three grounds: (1) the Department did not meet the correct burden of proof, (2) he was denied the right to counsel, and (3) the Department exceeded its authority by imposing three sanctions for a single incident and by revoking a DOSA for conduct unrelated to chemical dependency. The Court of Appeals granted relief based only on the first issue and remanded for a new DOSA revocation hearing, holding that the Department violated Schley's due process rights when it failed to prove the prison infraction by a preponderance of the evidence. In re Pers. Restraint of Schley , 197 Wash. App. 862, 870-74, 392 P.3d 1099 (2017). The court held that a fact that necessarily results in revoking a person's DOSA must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence. Id. The court rejected Schley's challenge to the Department's authority and declined to decide whether Schley's hearing warranted counsel, noting that the Department should do so on remand. Id. at 872, 392 P.3d 1099.

¶7 The Department moved for discretionary review, arguing that it needed to prove only that Schley's treatment was terminated, not the fighting infraction, by a preponderance of the evidence and that the Court of Appeals wrongly held Schley's hearing warranted appointing him counsel. We granted review of these issues and denied review of the issues raised in Schley's cross motion for discretionary review. In re Pers. Restraint of Schley, 189 Wash.2d 1001, 403 P.3d 38 (2017).

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Bluebook (online)
421 P.3d 951, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-pers-restraint-of-schley-wash-2018.